This book explores the intimate relationship between Mazdaznan, Johannes Itten

and the Vorkurs (Preliminary or Foundation Course) at the Bauhaus, Weimar. It is

a practical guide to performing the exercises that Itten taught at the Bauhaus and a
celebration of a moment of mysticism at the heart of Modernism.
MAZDAZNAN
At the start of the morning I brought my classes to mental and physical readiness
for intensive work through relaxing, breathing, and concentrating exercises. The
training of the body as an instrument of the mind is of the greatest importance for
HEALTH & BREATH
creative man. –– Johannes Itten

Founded by the extraordinary Dr. Otoman Zar-Adusht Ha’nish in Chicago at the

CULTURE
start of the 20th century Mazdaznan was a religion and way of life. Dr. Ha’nish is
claimed to have been variously a genius, a shepherd, a typesetter, a magician and a ( F IR S T S IX E XE RCI S E S )
fraud, as well as friend and inspiration to a bewildering variety of figures including
Karl Marx, Haeckel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, H.G. Wells, Annie Besant and
J. H. Kellogg. It is said that Edison named the first lightbulb Mazda in his honour
and that Henry Ford attributed the dawn of the motor-age to Ha’nish’s influence.

Mazdaznan’s vegetarian diet, magnetic and electric sexual exchanges, breathing

exercises and glandular theories were taken to Europe by its early disciples,
flourishing in Switzerland, Germany and England between the wars. The Swiss
artist and teacher Johannes Itten was a devout Mazdaznan and its exercises were
an essential part of his courses at the Bauhaus.

Health & Breath Culture has been newly illustrated by Ian Whittlesea with drawings
of current Foundation students demonstrating the exercises. It is followed by a
selection of found texts and images that go some way to explaining the beliefs
and history of Mazdaznan.

By
OTOMAN ZAR-ADUSHT HA’NISH. M.D.

OPEN EDITIONS ILLUS TRATE D & AP P E N DE D

STANLEY PICKER GALLERY (KINGSTON UNIVERSITY) By I A N W H I T T L E S E A
 OPEN EDITIONS
STANLEY PICKER GALLERY (KINGSTON UNIVERSITY)
 M A Z DA Z N A N
H E A LT H A N D B R E AT H
C U LT U R E
(FIRST SIX EXERCISES)

By
OTOMAN ZAR-ADUSHT HA’NISH. M.D.

IL L U ST R AT E D & A P P E ND E D
By IA N W H ITTL E S E A
 M AZDAZNAN declares that the key unto wisdom
lies in the power of breath obtained through dili-
gent and religious practices of rhythmic prayers
and songs on the breath, i.e., on the exhalation, and
the application of a scientific faith which comes to
us through the exercise of our gifts, talents, endow-
ments and attributes in the daily walks of life and
our ability to cope with the demands of time,
which alone lead to the solution of the most
perplexing problems of life.

M AZDAZNAN reveals a systematic method of

breathing that stirs the negative forces within the
body, changing the currents into positive action,
producing a quickening power that imparts con-
sciousness to one’s individuality, giving joy,
freedom and emancipation.

3
 H E A LT H A N D B R E AT H C U LT U R E

EXERCISE ONE

SENSE OF SIGHT AND CONCENTRATION

Take a seat upon a chair, with feet resting

firmly upon the floor. Sit as far back in the
chair as the body will allow without the shoulders
touching the back of it. Throw out the chest,
raising it slightly, at the same time drawing in
the abdominal region. Shoulders are thrown back
gently and drooping just a little; hands resting
upon the lower limbs, elbows touching hip bone,
thumbs thrown out in form of a V, fingers drawn out
without directly touching each other (Fig.1). Feet
are separated, toes about five to seven inches
apart, heels only one or two inches, thus forming
the letter V. Lips are closed, teeth separated,
tongue resting upon lower part of mouth, tip of
tongue touching lower teeth and gently curved
under and perfectly flattened and relaxed. Chin
is drawn in sufficiently to show an independent
air. The whole position is perfectly erect with
all the muscles relaxed but spinal column firm. Fig. 1
The position must be so taken that the back of
the body is always turned toward the light.

4
 Select some object of a dull nature which will
have no tendency to suggest or induce drifting
thought currents. A farthing or an envelope
with a small black spot inked in in circular form
may be chosen if desired. Place the object four
to seven feet distant in a position level with the
eyes. Look at it steadily but do not allow eyelids
to droop. In this position it will be observed that
ideas of a drifting nature no longer have a hold
upon the mind and one is in the right position to
concentrate; for the whole secret of success in
the unfoldment of knowledge lies in the ability
to concentrate.
Empty the lungs, first by exhaling all the air
one possibly can with perfect ease and without
effort or strain. Now inhale through the nostrils
only, slowly, gently, fully, and with perfect
rhythm, for seven seconds. Begin by filling the
upper lobes of the lungs as much as the position
taken will allow naturally and without effort,
then the remainder of the respiratory organs,
even to the uttermost.
The moments of retentment and arrestment
strengthen and reinforce the lung cells as well as
the heart muscles.
Force should not be resorted to. It should
always be done in a relaxed manner. But relaxa-
tion does not mean to fall into a heap. Simply
straighten up, if sitting, standing or walking. If
6 7
lying down, then be sure one straightens out in
such a way that the chest-wall is free, while the
limbs are well stretched.
With every indrawn breath, one must be con-
scious of oneself, of Ga-Llama the centralising
life principle, which builds up the cells and
tissues. It is within one basically; it is around
one externally. Thoughtlessly one breathes it
out into the universe; thoughtfully one draws it
into one’s being. This “ water of life ” is the
breath, the spirit, the essence of life, without
which there is no consciousness of existence here
in matter.
One must learn to breathe consciously in order
to attract this vital essence. Without this inner-
most desire to attract it one never receives it,
although it is ever near, and one has the basic
principle thereof within one’s being. One is
unconscious of it because one does not recognise
its presence. One knows and feels its presence
only when one concentrates upon it and feels the
desire of attaining it.
Deep rhythmic breathing, like different exer-
cises, may be manipulated to produce desired
results. To promote physical growth one should
use long exhalations; to induce greater mental
activity, prolong the inhalations; to increase
certain talents, retain the breath for a longer
time after deep inhalations. In reversing this
operation and holding the breath after long
exhalations, a state of inspiration will be evolved
leading to revelation of things unknown, to be of
value in the daily walks of life.
As a musician must practise daily his technique
before attempting to master a composition, in
like manner must the individual manipulate the
keyboard of his own physical body by scientific
application and mental control of the breath as
it enters the three lobes of the lungs—the upper
or chest lobes, the diaphragmatic lobes and the
back lobes of the lungs.
In the exhalation, observe the same rule, con-
trolling the action of the lungs so as to prevent
spasms, unevenness or rapidity—all must be
done in perfect waves and circles (Fig. 2).
While inhaling this Breath of Life, with eyes
steadily centred upon the object before one, con-
centrate the mind functions upon the breath
itself, following the current of breath mentally
as it enters the nostrils, along the air tubes into
the lungs and as it expands the chest and
diaphragmatic region. Then as one exhales,
follow the reverse current.
Fig. 2
During this process of breathing think of
Ga-Llama, the centralising Life-Principle, con-
vinced that it is for the purpose of building up
cellular tissues throughout the entire system,

8
thereby ensuring a formulation for the regenera- is accomplished better by taking a Prelude breath.
tive or child life. Breathe with the knowledge Begin by breathing short breaths. One breath
that Breath is the Life-Principle and that the in; one breath out. In, out; in, out; in, out; six
object of breathing is to reach perfect conscious- or more times; and then when the lungs have
ness. The exercise alone without concentration been emptied with a long OUT, one is ready to
will only partly do the work and the result be proceed.
accordingly. The concentration without the
exercise will only assure mental gratification for
the time being, but will not produce results of a
lasting nature.
To make this exercise clearer, so that no one
may err, attention is called to the fact that the
Individual breath requires the inhalation of seven
seconds and, the exhalation of an equal period.
The Mother breath ( given by mother at the time
of conception ) in its highest phase, is of three
seconds, and if of a lesser period, there is a poor
look-out for existence on this plane. One is to
be able to inhale for seven seconds and to exhale for
seven seconds.
Take the exercise for three minutes at a time,
three times a day—three minutes in the morning,
three minutes at noon and three minutes before
sunset, making nine minutes assigned thereto
for the whole day. It is best taken before meals.
Do not, however, take it for at least a half-hour
after meals.
In all breathing exercises one should prepare
therefor by completely emptying the lungs. This

10 11
 EXERCISE TWO

SENSE OF HEARING AND INTUITION

Stand erect with arms to the side of the body,

head up, chin drawn in sufficiently to show a
spirit of independence, eyes steadily gazing upon
a spot about the size of a farthing placed not
more than seven feet away on the line of vision.
The body should be in a perfectly relaxed
condition, but the spinal column must be held firm
and erect, as the seat of the soul is in the spinal
cord (Fig. 3). The weight of the body is to be balanced
upon the balls of the feet; no weight is to be
allowed to rest on the heels. To succeed in doing
this gracefully, allow the body to swing easily
forward and backward. Keep the mouth closed,
teeth separated, the tip of the tongue resting
against the lower jaw, as in the first exercise.
While inhaling and following intuitively the
currents of BREATH, gently raise the body and
allow the weight to balance toward the tip of the
toes (Fig. 4), inhaling slowly and harmoniously for
seven seconds. Now lower the body to its former
position, gradually exhaling and giving it that
graceful swing so natural to a controlled form.
Fig. 3

12
 Remember when going through this exercise,
if immediate results are to be expected therefrom,
to clench the hands tightly when inhaling. Do
this thoroughly, but gradually. Clench the fists
tighter and tighter and tighter, yet without any
effort, and be careful not to tense the muscles or
to grind the teeth in the least. In exhaling,
gradually relax the fists and allow the weight
of the body to rest upon the balls of the feet;
although the heels touch the floor, no weight must
be felt thereon.
To relax easily, all that needs to be done is to
empty the lungs thoroughly and allow the knees
to bend forward about one-tenth of an inch.
This will bring the weight to the balls of the
feet and make one feel lighter as well as limber.
To begin with, do not exercise more than three
minutes at a time, and not more than twice a day.
This exercise is best taken during waking hours.
Do not take the exercise immediately after meals.
It may follow the first exercise, provided that
the latter has been practised for at least two
weeks, and the seven-seconds breath for a period
of three minutes can be conveniently taken.
Make use of the exercise during your daily
walking. After you have become accustomed to
the balancing of the body forward and backward,
take several steps while inhaling, then while
taking a few more steps, learn to retain the
breath for just a few seconds. After a little
Fig. 4

14
practice, it will be soon found that this exercise
will prove of inestimable value, for it will aid in
the re-establishment of the generation of electric
currents in the feet upon which the hearing
greatly depends. LESSON THREE

SENSE OF SMELL AND MEMORY

Take the same sitting position as in the first

exercise. Always be certain to take a firm
position and that the teeth are separated, the
tongue resting in a perfectly relaxed condition
against the lower jaw. Not that the tongue
needs the much desired rest, but so that the air
inhaled can more readily pass through the larynx
and it will be found, after a while, that even the
voice becomes clearer and more melodious.
Place on the floor in front of you, about one
foot from the toes of your shoes, some dull
object, say a farthing. Not that one intends to
concentrate on money; far from it. For that
reason a farthing is selected, as it will be the
least suggestive of monetary matters. By sitting
down and concentrating on money we find that
it will not come unless a move is made to get it,
if to get money be our aim. A few can get any-
thing they desire that money will buy—but
health, understanding, intelligence, wisdom, and
all the attributes of a nobler existence cannot be
bought. They can be acquired by dilligent work
and concentrating upon their true nature.

16 17
 Steady the eyes upon this farthing before you,
not concentrating upon it, but simply using it as
an object upon which to steady the eyes (Fig. 5).
Gaze upon it restfully, never losing sight of it, what-
ever the movement of the body may be. Be
certain that the hands are not pressed, that you
are resting upon the lower limbs, as all of the
muscles are to be relaxed except the spinal column,
which is to be held erect and firm.
Now take the prelude breaths of short
inhalations and exhalations four or more times,
and then empty the lungs as much as possible
without using any effort, as effort means failure
in all things. Then inhale fully and deeply, at
the same time, repeating mentally the sentence
“Breath is Life.”
While inhaling and thinking upon the sentence
“Breath is Life,” bend the body forward, gazing
steadily at the farthing, keeping the head steady
with the movement of the body. Remember that
this movement is a hip movement, and it will
help to reduce the size of the hips and expand
the diaphragm, thus giving a better and more
graceful figure. It will reduce the heavy
abdomen of the three-hundred-pounder, and also
round out the waist line.
Fig. 5
To avoid all possibility of suggestive ideas
of a drifting nature, emphasise one word of a
sentence at a time. While inhaling, put special

18
emphasis upon “Breath,” while “is Life” is not
to be emphasised. Bend forward while inhaling
until you have reached a point where the floating
ribs come almost in contact with the lower limbs.
Of course, you must remember that the abdomen is
to be drawn in gently in all the exercises (Fig. 6).
As soon as you are through with inhaling and
bending forward, which is to be done very slowly
and gently, you retain the breath, or hold it as
it were, while repeating the sentence “Breath is
Life” with the emphasis on “is.”
One is not to choke while retaining the breath.
Do not strain the muscles of the larynx, or the
chest, but stop inhaling and remain in the position
as if intending to inhale longer. Repeat the sen-
tence mentally, only somewhat more rapidly, to
cover the space of about three or four seconds.
Then exhale, repeating the sentence as during
inhalation, “Breath is Life,” putting emphasis
upon “Life,” and bend the body backward to its
first position. Always empty the lungs
thoroughly, yet with control.
This exercise is to be done from one to three
times a day, for not longer than three minutes
at a time. Of course, it is understood that during
breathing exercises the room should be well aired Fig. 6
and properly ventilated, and that the back is to
be turned toward the light. When bending for-
ward, seven seconds are to he consumed. Then

20
hold the breath for three or four seconds, and
exhale for seven seconds, or longer, in returning to
the first position.
Do not overdo it; one is apt to lengthen the
duration of the breathing to longer minutes than
one would understand a minute to be. We would
rather you would take less than overdo it. What-
ever surplus electric force is generated, through
the action of breathing, the system will store it
in the spleen for future cases of emergency, to
supply the demand in time of need.
The system may be trained sufficiently for the
storing up of much surplus electric force, and
the vibrations of the nerve centres are liable to
transfer their activity to brain-cells directly under
the control of the imaginary faculties. Certain
temperaments are thus made more meditative, a
condition we do not favour, as our aim at present
is that of concentration, whereby the greatest
possible good physically, mentally, and spiritually,
may be derived.
One cannot afford to throw oneself into a state
of apparent happiness, for the purpose of gratify-
ing the sensual nature.
Always bear in mind that every system has its
regulations, and if you earnestly desire to take
advantage of these noble teachings, you should
give these exercises attention and follow them
22
religiously, as you are to derive the good from
their observance.
As repeatedly said, these exercises are a means
to an end only, and as soon as you have reached
the desired state of unfoldment you will no
longer be expected to follow them in routine. As
long as you are able to do the works of the
master, you are no longer to perform the duties
of a disciple. It is as with the study of harmony,
whatever method you take up you are expected
to follow it until you have acquired all that the
masters in harmony can teach you. You must
at first keep within the bounds of the rules laid
down by harmony. As soon as you begin to
master harmony you can break the rules appar-
ently, to enter into fields peculiar to the regula-
tions known, and establish rules of your own.
Until then you must keep at least to that which
is made known unto you and know for yourself,
so that you will never do anything but that which
shall be according to perfect harmony.
23
 EXERCISE FOUR

SENSE OF TASTE AND WILL POWER

This exercise is to be taken four times each

day.
In the morning face the East, at noon turn
towards the South, in the evening face the West,
and before retiring turn the face towards the
North.
And now to the exercise itself. Take a stand-
ing position as in the second exercise. After
having taken the prelude breath and the lungs
are thoroughly emptied, inhale gradually and
gently; at the same time swing the right arm,
which is to be in a perfectly relaxed condition,
with a circular motion in front of you, palm of
hand turned towards the body. Make a perfectly
circular movement (Fig. 7). Use your own judgment as
to inhalation and exhalation. To begin with, it
will be the easiest to inhale while making three
circles, and exhale while making the same number
of movements. After you have swung the right
arm round twelve times, bring the arm up as
Fig. 7

24
though to make one more revolution, but stop
when hand is above the head, clench the fist while
taking a full breath, then by bending forward
with a hip movement, touch the floor in front
of you with the knuckles of the fist, after which
rise gradually, exhaling at the same time, and
throw the arm up into position with a backward
circular movement (Figs. 8 & 9). Go through the
same procedure with the left arm, swinging it twelve
times in a circular motion, then clench the fist
and touch the floor in front of you as you did
with the right. Observe the proper inhalations
and exhalations with perfect rhythm. Be par-
ticular to hold the breath while making the down-
ward movement to touch the floor, and exhale
when bringing the arm back to position. If
unable to touch the floor at first, do not feel dis-
couraged. Bend the body as far forward as you
are able, but do not bend the knees. Remember,
it is to be entirely a hip movement.
Of course, by this time you will have learned
that you cannot be harnessed into corsets and
other unsightly trappings, which act as impedi-
ments to ease and grace of movement. By the
development of body and mind, all the deficiencies
that seem a disgrace, all crippled and deformed
conditions which suggest the use of some of the
many deceptions in vogue to hide them from the
public gaze, will be brought to a normal state by
natural means. You will not only reduce those
protruding abdomens, and flabby cheeks, but will
Fig. 8

26
develop the bust, neck, face, arms and chest, into
their perfect form and beauty, besides assuring
to yourself perfect health, a clear and unbiased
mind, normal brain conditions, and a living soul
to again place you in a position to enjoy the
proper attitude of life.
This exercise is to be done after meals; that
is, when meals have been taken. If no meals are
eaten, so much the better. You will notice that
in case a meal has been a trifle too heavy, this
exercise will act as an excellent relief from
dyspeptic and indigestive conditions; yet this
is not the main object, although even to this end
it would be worth observing. It will aid in the
digestion of food. It will help in concentrating
your mind, that you may take a more proper
attitude in the observation of your labour, but
the main point is your taste will become refined,
more sensitive, thus enhancing the sense of smell,
which is accomplished in part by the preceding
exercise.
You now have four exercises to perform daily,
to be taken in the order given. We now pro-
claim that this exercise in connection with the
previous ones, followed daily, will aid in over-
coming all obnoxious habits, such as flesh-eating,
liquor-bibbing, smoking, chewing, drugging,
and the like. You must necessarily build up a
character that will be strong enough to see the
folly of your position, and help to overcome all
Fig. 9

28
evil habits in a perfectly natural way by simply
outgrowing them, until you find yourself freed,
never again to wallow in their filth and degrada-
tion. In time you will become very particular as
to what you eat and drink, taste or smell, because
of the extreme delicacy of the senses. The odour
of liquor or tobacco, and the effluvium of burn-
ing grease and flesh will become nauseating,
because you have been lifted to a higher plane,
where purity of food and environment are
necessary for a harmonious existence. Purity
of body will produce purity of mind, and the
ideas flowing therefrom will be of an elevating
nature. There will be no longer a desire to enter
into conversation about the neighbours and
acquaintances, and associations with gossip and
hypocrisy will be strenuously shunned. Selfish-
ness will be overcome, and harmony with nature
and all mankind will prevail.
30
EXERCISE FIVE
SENSE OF TOUCH AND NERVE ENERGY
Stand as in the former exercise, bearing in
mind that whether standing or walking. you are
to throw the weight of the body upon the balls
of the feet, or, in other words, balance the weight
of the body, and you will soon find to your
astonishment, that there is no weight to the body
at all. You could run up and down stairs all
day long, and consider it a pleasure, even feel as
if you would like to glide down the banister, you
are so happy, so light. We see hundreds of our
pupils going home, after working or shopping
all day, gliding like the gowns of flying angels
down the street. Watch them. You will perceive a
smile on their faces, even a sweet expression of
joy and satisfaction. They grow younger every
day, and more beautiful in form and symmetry.
They no longer wear corsets or other harness,
for after the third or fourth lesson the fallacy
dawns upon them of being slaves to harnessed
conditions, and they free themselves. They know
they can prove that by their exercising, they are
developing the muscles as well, although no par-
ticular attention to their development is given.
It is the natural result of proper breathing in the
correct position, with a concentrated mind.
31
 In this exercise, you throw your arms out in
front of you by the power of the will (Fig. 10), which
is the thought of “Be it so” or “Let there be.”
By the command of the mind, with muscles of
the whole body relaxed, spine firmer than ever,
and an air about as independent as any monarch
or potentate, the functions of the body must res-
pond. As soon as you have taken your “prelude
breaths,” inhale gradually and simultaneously,
and by the command of the mind, and the execu-
tion of the will, cause the muscles to become
tense—not strained. The hands must remain
limp at all times. The tensing only reaches the
wrists. In exhaling you relax the muscles again.
You repeat this in that position three times.
Three inhalations, three exhalations. At the time
you take the fourth inhalation move the arms
outstretched to the side of body, even a trifle to the
back (Fig. 11). Now exhale. Inhale and exhale, two
more times, then, as you inhale again, which will
be the seventh time, bring arms back again to
their original position, with finger-tips facing but
not touching (Fig. 12). Not that you may be injured
thereby, but after some practice it may give you
an unpleasant experience. At first, you only
notice a peculiar tingling sensation, yet you will
feel peculiar shocks, as the desire is simply to
distribute the phosphatic fluids to the extremities
of the hands, and later on to the extremities of
the body, and the awakening of nerve centres,
heretofore inactive, because of the shock
received at the time of birth, when the cord was
severed in a very crude and unscientific manner Fig. 10

32
by the inexperienced hands of a physician or
obstetrician. We must forgive the latter, they
know no better, and God in all His mercy will
not call them to account, for He is merciful and
just, and will forgive us all our sins, and cleanse
us from all iniquities.
In going through your exercises, you do not
want to become enthused, and run about the
neighbourhood and inquire as to your appear-
ance, or boast about the wonderful benefits you
are receiving from them. It is nobody’s business
what you do. Your inquisitive friends will
notice soon enough the great change for the
better, and will be only too anxious to learn of
the methods you use in acquiring such a youth-
ful appearance, and such excellent health. They
will come to you as you have come here, to learn,
and they will sit at your feet with eagerness to
learn, as Mary at the feet of the Master was
anxious to take in His glorious sayings. And
the end of it all will be that they will beg of you
to take them to the fountain, that they also may
drink of its purifying waters. For though it is
for you to tell them of your experiences, it is
your duty as well to point out the way to them.
They must tread the same path that you have
trod, if they would reach the goal. A thing not
worth going after is not worth having.
This exercise may be taken three times a day,
but do not take it oftener to begin with, nor with
Fig. 11

34
more than seven breaths. It is a very powerful
exercise, so much so, that it will make the fingers
burn, if overdone. After some time, you will
notice, when entering a darkened room, a
peculiar phosporescent glow at the finger-tips.
For that reason it is better to close the hands
after taking this exercise, so as not to scare
people. They might think that you control
spooks and such things. It is our object to get
away from all spook business, and learn to com-
prehend all things in their proper, natural way.
It must be remembered always that all
phenomena, no matter how awe-inspiring or
marvellous they seem at first, are based on
natural laws, and are in accordance therewith.
Therefore, the seemingly mysterious is no longer
the source of superstitious ideas, when the law
upon which it is based is understood.

Fig. 12

36
 EXERCISE SIX

SENSE OF FEELING AND HEART CULTURE

We now come to an exercise where all our

pupils bow their knees. There is a time in every
man’s life, whether Jew or Gentile, Heathen
or Christian, when he should bow his knees in
reverence. The principal object of this exercise
is to distribute the magnetic circles for aiding in
the awakening of the spinal cord, thus expanding
the realms of thought, enabling you to reason
more logically, and be able to perceive, through
the sense of feeling, the inner physical mechan-
ism of your being, guiding you by virtue of the
activity of the brain-cells to the unfoldment of a
perfect consciousness and realization, that you
are one with God and Nature.
Kneel at the back of a chair, bending both Fig. 13
knees at the same time. Don’t fall upon the
knees; do it as gracefully as you perform all
previous exercises. Have the chair about three
feet from you, so you can take hold of the up-
right bars at back of the chair, one in each hand.
Hands as well as body are to be perfectly relaxed,
and spinal column firm (Fig. 13).

38
 After the prelude breaths, inhale fully and
deeply, at the same time tightening the grasp
upon the chair bars (Fig. 14). Inhale as long as you
can conveniently without the use of effort, and with-
out causing unpleasant feelings to any part of the
body. Retain the breath as long as you can with
ease, still holding tightly to the chair, and as you
exhale, gradually release your hold upon the bars.
Exercise in this position for three minutes at a
time, and not more than three times a day. You
may take this exercise in the evening.
You need not feel alarmed over the peculiar
sensation starting at the navel and distributing
itself over the spinal region in an upward move-
ment to the top of the head, as well as downward
to the lower extremities of the body. That
peculiar warmth is caused by the generation of
electric force in the nervous system, and that
cool fanning sensation felt about the body is the
magnetic circles emanating from the inmost soul.
This position will bring a tranquility and
calmness over the mind, and open up realms of
untold joy. Yet what it will do for you remains
for you to experience. But you must not overdo
it, because of the great benefits you are deriving
from this exercise and others. You must not Fig. 14
think the more the better. It is a very powerful
exercise. As soon as you begin to feel the chair
move before you, and your knees show the
tendency to get above the floor, release the hands

40
at once from the chair, and stop the exercise for exercise, a burning will be felt, yet so soothing,
that day. It will not do to over-exercise if you so pacifying, that it will seem like the unfoldment
are to develop all your brain functions equally. of some fairy land. And again, through
The healing qualities of this exercise must be repetition, a wonderful light will appear—the
experienced instead of explained. light of the soul. It will illumine your mind,
warm your heart, set into ecstasy, as it were,
Gradually you will be led higher and higher your physical functions. Then draw all your
into the realms of consciousness, and wisdom thoughts from the circumference around you
will unfold unto you daily. Things you were unto your inmost self, and a sweet, soft breeze,
unable to comprehend before begin to appear as the blowing of the gentle North wind, will
very simple. In fact, there will be nothing you linger around you, scattering delicious fragrance
cannot grasp and understand, and then you will like the perfume of roses. You will feel a degree
comprehend that even the light which you of grandeur no tongue or language will ever be
thought comes from the Sun is but the light of able to express. Still, on and on you will con-
your planet. You will understand that your tinue to go on this plane of eternal progression,
senses in their deluded condition of yet un- to which there is no end.
developed brain functions, have miscomprehended
the works divine; and that the Sun is neither a
fire-ball, nor has it any more light than necessary
for the sustenance of its own planetary con-
ditions. You will understand that our planet is
a light unto itself, and that “I am the light of
the world.”
Remaining in the position described, with all
ideas banished from the mind, follow the current
of inhalation as it enters the nostrils, the air
tubes, and the lungs; forget even the name of
Ga-Llama, the centralizing life principle; even
Breath—in fact, anything expressing a language.
For the first time you will feel an inner charming
power that will captivate you, and, repeating this

42 43
 A N OTE O N THE TE X T AN D ILLU S TRATIO N S

Mazdaznan Health and Breath Culture by Dr. Otoman Zar–

$GXVKW +D·QLVK ZDV ÀUVW SXEOLVKHG LQ  E\ 7KH 6XQ²
Worshiper Publishing Co. of Chicago, collecting and expanding
parts previously published in the Mazdaznan Journal. It was then
re-printed in a revised and expanded version by the Mazdaznan
Press, Chicago in 1914. Numerous versions were subsequently
published, along with translations into French, Spanish, Italian
and German.

The full text includes an Introductory Lesson on Mazdaznan

thought along with advice on diet and hygiene. This is followed
by twelve further Lessons. Each begins with an Invocation,
followed by a Preliminary, consisting of a Salutation and a
OHQJWK\ ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KH ÀUVW VL[ /HVVRQV ÀQDOO\ HQG ZLWK
the description of a physical exercise. The description of the
exercises take up less than a tenth of the original book. In later
editions the 12 lessons are followed by the Egyptian Postures,
a set of yoga-like gymnastic bending and stretching exercises.

The source text for this new version of Mazdaznan Health and
Breath Culture (First Six Exercises) was published in 1940
by the Mazdaznan Library, 34 Grosvenor Road, Birkdale,
Lancashire.The unnamed editor of this 1940 edition stripped
away most of the extraneous or supplementary material from
Ha’nish’s original text and retained just the description of the
physical exercises.

The typesetting and layout follow closely that of the 1940

edition. The illustrations show current Foundation students
at Kingston University performing the exercises described in
the text.
AP P E N DI C E S
Morning exercises on the roof of the Itten School, Berlin, 1931
Photographer unknown
Johannes-Itten-Stiftung, Kunstmuseum Bern
 4 APPE ND I X I J O H AN N E S I T T E N

Excerpted from pg 11–12 of:

Design and Form – The Basic Course at the Bauhaus,
1964, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York
which was originally published as Mein Vorkurs am
Bauhaus: Gestaltung-und Formenlehre, 1963 by Otto
Maier Verlag Ravensburg

The terrible events and shattering losses of the war had brought
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were endless discussions and eager searching for a new mental
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´%DFNWR+DQGLFUDIWµRU´8QLW\RI$UWDQG7HFKQRORJ\µGLGQRW
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I studied oriental philosophy and concerned myself with
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Georg Muche had come to similar conclusions through
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We sought the foundations of a new way of life for ourselves
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Photo: Paula Stockmar
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APPEND IX I 6 7 JOHANNES ITTEN

These first Weimar years are wrongly described as the DQGJUHHG\LQWKRXJKWDQGDFWLRQ7KURXJKH[HUFLVHV,WULHGWR

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a great teacher who could have guided us through the these morning exercises with some surprise and inner resistance,
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It is not only a religious custom to start instruction with a supplemented the relaxing, tone, and breathing exercises with
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classes to mental and physical readiness for intensive work WKHPHDQVRIGHVLJQ
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training of the body as an instrument of the mind is of the
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the arm, the whole body can be awakened through relaxing,
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The relaxation of the body can be accomplished in three
ways: First, through movements of the arms and legs, through
bending and turning the entire body with special attention to the
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The second approach is to hold the body completely still,
standing, sitting or reclining, and to relax part after part through
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The third method of relaxing, balancing, and harmonizing
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practice the formation of tones; they must learn where the tones
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$VZHEUHDWKHVRGRZHWKLQNDQGVRLVWKHUK\WKPRIRXUGDLO\
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 8 APPE ND I X I I
Tempelherrenhaus, Weimar ,WWHQ·VVWXGLR² SRVWFDUG
PAUL CI TRO E N
Mazdaznan at the Bauhaus
Excerpted from pg 44–50 of:
Bauhaus and Bauhaus PeopleHG(FNKDUG
Neumann, 1970, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company, New York
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9RUNXUV ZKLFK ,WWHQ WDXJKW %XW DW WKH WLPH ,WWHQ ZDV VR IXOO
of Mazdaznan, expected so much from a deep immersion in its
teachings, that soon after the beginning of the course he took
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GRFWULQH DW +HUUOLEHUJ RQ /DNH =XULFK WKH (XURSHDQ VHDW DQG
FHQWHU RI WKH 0D]GD]QDQ 0XFKH VXEVWLWXWHG IRU KLP VR WKDW
I actually sat at the feet of my friend as his pupil and had the
opportunity to admire his modesty as a teacher and the security
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,WWHQNQHZKRZWRLQÁDPHXVVKDNHXVXSEUHDNGRZQDOOWKH
dikes and plunge us into a veritable frenzy of production, and
VWLOOEHFRPHRQHRIXV:HKDGWKHJUHDWHVWUHVSHFWIRUKLP
7KHUHZDVVRPHWKLQJGHPRQLFDERXW,WWHQ$VDPDVWHUKH
was either ardently admired or just as ardently hated by his
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Mazdaznan group – a unique community within the student
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KROLQHVV:HZHUHLQFOLQHGWRDSSURDFKKLPRQO\LQZKLVSHUV
our reverence was overwhelming, and we were completely
enchanted and happy when he associated with us pleasantly and
ZLWKRXWUHVWUDLQW
APPENDIX II 10
:KHQKHUHWXUQHGIURP+HUUOLEHUJZH0D]GD]QDQER\VUHDFKHGWKH
]HQLWKRIIXOÀOOPHQW7KHUHZHUHDOOVRUWVRIJDWKHULQJVOHFWXUHV
exercises, religious services, councils, meals - all unbelievably
enthusiastic work over the common goal of perfection, of the
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$QG,WWHQHQWUXVWHGZLWKWKHP\VWHULHVRIUHLQFDUQDWLRQDQGRWKHU
VHFUHWV RI WKH GRFWULQH E\ YLUWXH RI KLV ZHHNV LQ +HUUOLEHUJ
ZDVRXUXQGLVSXWHGPDVWHUDQGOHDGHU0XFKHDQGKLVZLIHDOVR
connected with our group, took part in everything, and here, too,
even more than in lectures, it was a matter of course that Muche
substituted for Itten when the latter was prevented from being
SUHVHQWDWJDWKHULQJV
Now Itten had brought a young lady back from Switzerland
with him, entrusted by her parents to take his courses at the
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DVZHKDGQHYHUVHHQDPRQJRXURZQQHLJKERUV
+HDOWKDQGHYHU\WKLQJFRQQHFWHGZLWKLWVXFKDVEUHDWKLQJ
movement, and nutrition, played an important role in Mazdaznan
LWPLJKWHYHQEHFDOOHGWKHFRUQHUVWRQHRIWKHGRFWULQH$QG
so it naturally attracted all sorts of people with physical defects
or maladies that could not be relieved by ordinary medical
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standpoint, but nevertheless we delighted in relative health on
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ascribed to the fact that in Germany, disintegrating in economic
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Mazdaznan principles, so we did get food that was unspoiled,
though, because of a lack of money, not as nutritious as we
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and intestinal trouble the rule, and our appearance what one
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look green and gray whenever my innards were upset, which
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FRPSOH[LRQDQG,WWHQWRRVWD\HGKHDOWK\7KH\GLGWKHLURZQ
11 PAUL CIT ROE N
housekeeping and knew all sorts of vegetarian cooking secrets,
so that for us bachelors it was a celebration every time we were
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WRJHWKHURIWKHSXUHVWLQJUHGLHQWVZHUHVHWEHIRUHXV%XWIRUWKH
poorer and less talented cooks among the Mazdaznans, it was a
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anything they could get hold of, we who were contemplating
a higher plane of existence had to select among the few
things available, and this selected diet must be prepared in a
special way and enjoyed in proper sequence and with proper
FRQFHQWUDWLRQ *UHDW GHPDQGV ZHUH PDGH RQ RXU VHOIGHQLDO
and if we occasionally sinned when conditions were too hard
or hunger or thirst too great, on the whole we felt happy and
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the right way so that we did not, like the others, collapse in
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ourselves to be completely governed by the circumstances, but
followed our own views, or rather the precepts of our doctrine,
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VHOINQRZOHGJH
Yes, the strength of this doctrine was so great that the other
students refrained from making the crudest jokes in our presence
and in general did not behave as impudently and vulgarly as was
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ZHGLGLQVSLUHVRPHUHVSHFWLQWKHP
So, as I said, we all had a more or less vegetarian, that is to
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actually radiant and bright, and not because she was on a meat
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was living proof of the rightness of the doctrine that she had
known and accurately followed far longer and better than any
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She came, one might say, from the very center, had greeted the
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+DQLVK RQ KLV ÀUVW YLVLW WR (XURSH KH KDG LQLWLDWHG KHU DQG
APPENDIX II 12
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beginners compared with this girl, who had spent the greater
part of her life in the state we were striving for and who now
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ZDV7UXWKRQHKDGRQO\WRORRNDWWKDWJLUOWREHFRQYLQFHG
Whenever we had some question or other, some doubt
concerning something in our belief, or needed some practical
hint, we turned, since we did not want to annoy Itten with trivia,
WR/RWWL:HLVVZKRDOZD\VNQHZWKHDQVZHUV6KHZDVDQDUWLVW
in the kitchen, and in fact up on everything and everyone - how
one should conduct himself according to the rules, what one
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impartially, and it was quite stirring to hear this lovely young
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forgot to laugh, in accordance with our rule that we must wear
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further than a distorted, sweet-sour grin, a convulsive pulling at
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just looking at her and would no doubt have fallen in love with
her had the admiration she inspired in me not driven away any
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her friendliness she was actually a private person; one felt that
quite apart from her unique, cheerful manner with the friends
of the community, she nursed a special inner life, which she
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one another with complete openness, but allowed and did not
begrudge one another his own secrets, for the ultimate was
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,UHPHPEHUPHHWLQJDGLVDJUHHDEOHSHUVRQ0XFKHLQWURG
uced him to me, and I started the appropriate breathing exercises
immediately to make any contact with him impossible, to
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13 PAUL CIT ROE N
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ZDVDPXVHG
:KHQZHVKRRNVRPHRQH·VKDQGZHFRXOGWHOOPRUHDERXW
him from the handshake, the dryness or dampness of his skin,
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his complexion, his walk, every one of his involuntary gestures
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EHFDXVHRXUPHWKRGJDYHXVDQDGYDQWDJHRYHUWKHXQVXVSHFWLQJ
These little games or bits of nonsense - for it was not much
more than that, since we did all this in a dilettantish, not to say
superstitious, way, taking everything we read literally and on
faith - these tricks we played had dangerous repercussions: they
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what sheer madness we fabricated or took up from our reading,
WRJHWKHUZLWKWKHFHUWDLQO\H[FHOOHQWDQGZRUWKZKLOHSUHFHSWV
The guest I brought along to one of our exercise hours, in which
we dislocated ourselves, singing all the while, must really have
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and when rhythmical movements are added it can only be
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immeasurably deep meaning we ascribed to everything, far too
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One of the girls in our group once dressed up for fun as
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We all burst out laughing at this innocent example of the self-
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fact that he was not yet dressed and ready for work disappointed
APPENDIX II 14
us a bit, for early rising was a much exalted precept; but even
on this occasion he was able to deliver himself of a weighty,
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(DVWHU ZDV FHOHEUDWHG LQ D XQLTXH ZD\$W GDZQ ZH ZHUH
to bathe in well water, dry ourselves vigorously, dress, enjoy a
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DOORZHGRXUÀUVWHJJVIRUELGGHQGXULQJWKHSUHFHGLQJIDVW
I did without the more rigorous parts of the procedure, like
dawn and well water, but I did get up early, drank a glass of
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It was rainy, windy weather, not the sort one would wish for
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I got to the country road outside Weimar, I saw a phenomenon
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covered with long worms that, encouraged by the dampness,
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reconcile these horrors wriggling out from the underworld
with the serene, holy thoughts to which I would gladly have
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Fasts were the high point of our training, and spring and
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actually attained a thoroughgoing, internal physical cleansing,
provided we kept strictly to the instructions and above all broke
the fast in a wise manner, returning to normal daily rations
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We began our fast by taking a strong laxative, after which, for
a week, or two, or even three, depending on what we had decided,
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communed with nature frequently, took hot baths, read spiritual
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Since we owned a garden on a hillock near Weimar, with several
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15 PAUL CIT ROE N
spend our fast any better place than there, weeding – one of
our favorite pastimes, since we were dedicated to rooting out
the weeds of the whole world, the enemies of creativity – and
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VLQJLQJWKHUH
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house I intended to rub myself, according to the precepts,
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bath, I lost my senses and fell unconscious beside the bathtub:
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There were more such unpleasant side effects for the
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the body would be rubbed with the same sharp oil which had
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break out in scabs and pustules - the oil had drawn the wastes
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go according to plan or desire, and for months afterward we
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But I must admit that these inconveniences meant nothing
at all beside the unique, unforgettable experience we had during
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gave rise to unexpected moods, opened unknown regions of
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APPEND IX II 16 17

we were back to normality, but I felt the effects of the regimen

throughout the whole year; I was spared even a single cold,
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was not worth the effort, compared with what was taking place
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During her last days in Weimar I painted her portrait, helped

arrange to have her luggage sent, and all in all spent more time
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one another in the knowledge of our imminent parting, we
gave free rein to our feelings and became aware of a mutual
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18 APPE ND I X I I I A W I S E M A N F RO M P E R S I A

Otago Witness, Issue 2657,

15 February 1905

Dr. Hanish Tells How to Live to 475 and Solve the Servant
Girl Question.

In addition to teaching how a man may prolong his life 400 years
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RI&KLFDJRWKLQNVKHKDVVROYHGWKHVHUYDQWJLUOSUREOHP7KH
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he has freed himself from the despot of the kitchen is simply to
order his way of living so that the necessity for the constantly
recurring service connected with preparing and serving food
LVHOLPLQDWHG

The man who wrote:

He can live without books — what is knowledge but grieving?
He may live without hope — what is hope but deceiving? He
may live without love — what is passion but pining? But where
is the man that can live without dining? GLG QRW NQRZ 'U
+DQLVKDQGKLVZD\VIRUKHLVDPDQZKRFDQDQGGRHVOLYH
ZLWKRXWGLQLQJ7UXO\KHHDWVEXWRQO\WRDSSHDVHKXQJHUDQG
of the simplest food, which he prepares for himself, and takes
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APPENDIX III 20
7KH5HY'U2WRPDQ+DQLVK³KHKDVDQXPEHURIRWKHUQDPHV
but they are not easy to write nor to read — is the founder,
promoter, and high and only priest of the sun worshippers,
who have their headquarters in Chicago, and he teaches the
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this he says:
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but rather holding it in worthiness as a symbol of thought, since
it is the brightest, most essential, life-giving object of which we
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parents tried every means of which they could learn to restore
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The priests received him, on the condition, as is their rule,
that his parents should relinquish all right to him, and that he
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length, being considered equipped for the work of a teacher, it
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60 last month, he does not seem either in looks or general
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21 A W I SE M A N F RO M P E R SI A
his abundant, glossy brown hair, and his movements are quick,
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once grave and smiling, reminding one, in this respect, of the
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they seem black, beneath overhanging brows, are as limpid as a
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of 30,000 dollars as a headquarters for the Mazdaznans in this
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odour of cooking is about the place, for the good reason that
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Instead, one is greeted, as he is ushered into the broad
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a quaint incense burner resting on a little ebony table in the
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appointed, for the Mazdaznans believe in all the enjoyments of
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not enjoyments, in the true sense, and invite the decay which
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with closed cases about the wall, a small gas range, and a little
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Shelled nuts of different sorts, grains, fruit, and bottled milk
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what he wants, and, by the same token, cleans up the place when
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is breath and breath is life, and therefore that correct breathing
is all important, and that one should eat only when hungry, and
APPENDIX III 22
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holds that one should keep constantly busy doing something
useful without reference to reward, holding that work well done
is a means of happiness and that change of work is a means of
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sometimes three lectures daily; conducts classes; sets type for
his magazine, in addition to preparing most of the copy, and
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teachings, published in parts, he issues each month a little
magazine which expounds the Mazdaznan doctrine and method
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if he will; that, having put oneself in harmony with the facts of
Nature, all else will be added, and that this may and should be
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God in the person rather than in a personal God, and we believe,
that by right living — that is, correct living, and, above all,
by conscious, correct breathing, the body becomes, in fact, the
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but as soon as the impetus which incarnates life and continues
potent only through the brief years of early youth is past begin
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point on man is the almoner of his own destiny, a free agent
with everything within and about him with which to work out a
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limit is reached the body must die unless the individual breath
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more than 4000 years ago, and that it has been the source from
which the great teachers of the world, Buddha, Confucius,
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also that Christ studied the art of healing in this temple for 30
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The two cardinal principles of the Mazdaznan system are,
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Next is the establishing of the individual or conscious
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has learned to breathe correctly and to live in all ways according
to the Mazdaznan system, he gains much nourishment from the
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demonstrated that trees can be successfully grown to maturity
without soil, a demonstration, by the way, which is made on a
large scale by Nature itself in the vicinity of Duluth, where one
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rock where there is not a particle of soil for many feet below
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might be well nourished on less food than is required by the
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APPENDIX III 24 25 A W I SE M A N F RO M P E R SI A

includes cultivating the grace which economises force; every

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of the entire body daily with cocoanut oil may be supposed to
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Speaking of the amount of food required to enable a person
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that the common mistake which persons who have reached
maturity make is in continuing to take the same quantity of
food that they required during growth when, as a matter of fact,
very little is needed to maintain a structure and keep it in repair
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established cannot entertain other than wholesome ideas and
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and what to eat and drink, and his stomach will no longer be
burdened with the unnecessary, but a laboratory where perfect
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WKDWHDFKSHUVRQKDVVHQVHVVHYHQIXOODQGÀYHKDOIVHQVHV Adusht Hanish, sun cult, walking along a sidewalk with an
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is moving along the street in the background
the musical scale; and, further, that these 12 senses coordinately
Photographer unknown, 1913
developed give a thirteenth, which assures poise and self Chicago Daily News negatives collection,
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the body in the condition necessary for mental and spiritual
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night you should drop the past as completely as if it had never
been, and when you rise in the morning it should be as if you
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drying the skin perfectly rub the whole surface of the body until
it glows, going over it afterwards with the hands until the skin
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opened, stand erect, with the head well back, the chest raised
and thrown forward, while the shoulder blades are held back and
down, with the hands open as if ready to grasp objects too low
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raise the arms with a backward circular motion, as high as it
can be done with ease, at the same time moving the tongue
and bringing the lips together as if masticating, swallowing the
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and, holding them backward, expel the breath slowly until the
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to estimate, and that it is a sovereign remedy for colds, catarrh,
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There are 12 more exercises in the Mazdaznan breath and
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when these exercises have been perfectly mastered in their
order, an elasticity of body, clearness of mind, and strength
of memory are gained and maintained which will bring a
realisation of the kingdom of within that never has and never
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They went the whole distance on foot and reached the
summit in seven hours, having distanced every other climber
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story of Daniel and his companions — how they refused to be
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Excerpted from pg 251–254 of:
7KH3URÀWVRI5HOLJLRQ, 1918, self-published
Pasadena, California
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Breathing and Envoy of Mazdaznan living, Viceroy-Elect and
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near the town of Mendota, Illinois, and had known the German
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LQ UHFRJQL]LQJ KLP WKURXJK WKLV WUDQVPRJULÀFDWLRQ , KDYH
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mesmerism, and fake spiritualism, joining the Mormon Church,
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Finally he sets himself up in Chicago as a Persian Magi,
teaching Yogi breathing exercises and occult sex-lore to the
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Sun God, worshipped for two score centuries in India, Egypt,
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the prophet gives tea-parties at which his disciples are fed on
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The Immaculate Conception and its Repetition; The Secrets
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months; but that does not harm his cult, which now has a
temple in Chicago, presided over by a lady called Kalantress
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him with improper conduct with a number of young boys in a
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of every kind of ancient mysticism - paper and binding from
the Bible, illustrations from the Egyptian, names from the
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discover your seventeen senses, to develop them according
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Inhale through nostrils for four seconds, and upon one ex-
halation, speak slowly:
Open, O thou world-sustaining Sun, the entrance unto Truth
hidden by the vase of dazzling light.
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sentence upon one exhalation as before:
Soften the radiation of Thy Illuminating Splendor, that I may
behold Thy True Being.
, KDYH D FOLSSLQJ IURP D /RV $QJHOHV QHZVSDSHU WHOOLQJ RI
WKH SURSKHW·V DUULYLQJ WKHUH +H WDNHV WKH IURQW SDJH ZLWK WKH
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29 UP TO N SI N CL AI R
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The humor of this becomes apparent when we mention that at
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we shall not be taken in by the repeated statements that the
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KHLVZHDOWK\DQGDVDOO$PHULFDQVZLVKWREHZHDOWK\,ZLOO
quote his formula of prosperity, his method of accomplishing
what might be called the Individual Revolution:
When hungry and you do not know where to get your
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has provided you with everything that will meet all cases
RIHPHUJHQF\
Place your teeth tightly together, with tongue pressing
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LPPHGLDWHO\ H[KDOLQJ WKURXJK WKH QRVWULOV %UHDWKH DJDLQ
if saliva forms in your mouth, hold your breath so you can
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the metal-substance contained therein; you can even taste the
iron which you convert into substance required for making the
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in the blood, there is a lack of copper and zinc and silver, place
upper teeth over lower, keep lower lip tightly to lower teeth,
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should you feel you need more gold element for your brain
functions, place your back teeth together just as if you were to
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OHDUQWRNQRZWKDWWKHUHLVJROGDQGVLOYHUDOODURXQGXV7KDW
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 30 APPE ND I X V LA TIMES

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PDQ\\HDUV7KHÀUVWFRQFHUQHGWKHFXVWRG\RI%LOO\ RU%LOOLH 
/LQGVD\ ZKRVH PRWKHU (OL]DEHWK ZDV D GHYRXW 0D]GD]QDQ
and the control of his inheritance (detailed in Juvenile Justice
in the Making'67DQQHQKDXV283 'XULQJWKLVWULDO
H[FHUSWV IURP 'U +D·QLVK·V ERRN Inner Studies, concerning
magnetic and electric sexual relations (including the desirability
RIPHQUHWDLQLQJWKHVHPLQDOÁXLGV ZHUHUHDGDORXGLQFRXUW
DQGZULWWHQLQWRHYLGHQFH,PPHGLDWHO\DIWHUWKH/LQGVD\WULDO
'U +D·QLVK ZDV DUUHVWHG IRU VHQGLQJ REVFHQH PDWWHU Inner
Studies DFURVV6WDWHERXQGDULHVE\SRVWDFRS\KDYLQJEHHQVHQW
WRDSRVWRIÀFHLQVSHFWRUSRVLQJDVDQLQWHUHVWHGSXUFKDVHU$IWHU
PDQ\DSSHDOV'U+D·QLVKZDVÀQHGDQGVHQWHQFHGWRVL[
PRQWKVLQ%ULGHVZHOO3ULVRQ+HVSHQWKLVWLPHWKHUHVHWWLQJW\SH
LQWKHSULVRQSULQWVKRS$IWHUKLVUHOHDVH'U+D·QLVKDQGWKH
Mazdaznans were, as many contemporary newspaper accounts
attest, subject to the continual attention of the authorities, the police
DQGWKHSUHVVEXWKHZDVQHYHUDJDLQFRQYLFWHGRIDQ\FULPH

´6813523+(7µ+$1,6+,6+(5()5(('21%$,/
31 December, 1919

/$7LPHV-DQXDU\
APPENDIX V 32
“S UN PROPH E T ” H ANIS H IS H E R E : FR EED ON B AIL
—
“MAZ DAZ NAN” CULT CH IE F, INDICT ED FOR R EVOLTING
OFFE NS E S AGAINS T L IT T L E GIR L S , R EFUS ES TO TAL K
— said that he is 75 years old, although the Chicago police say that
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Mazdaznan cult of sun worshipers arrived here in custody from
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in which he is charged with revolting offenses against young
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E\'HWHFWLYH&KDUOHV$-RQHVRIWKHORFDO'LVWULFW$WWRUQH\·V
RIÀFHRQ'HFHPEHU
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warrant he is charged with having committed a degenerate act,
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WKH0D]GD]QDQFXOW
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diamond stickpin when the cult leader was turning over his
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jail authorities asked Beeler what his business in the jail was
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the prisoner and were immediately closeted with him for a
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33 LA TIMES
H E WON’ T TAL K
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Outside the jail building, in Buena Vista Street, sallow-
faced, sun worshippers of both sexes, some in automobiles
and some on foot, waited impatiently for the appearance of the
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him in a triumphant procession to the home of some follower
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remained within while his followers remained without in the
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Strenuous efforts were made yesterday by members of the
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surprise was sprung last night in the case when instructions
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LQ SULVRQ UHJDUGOHVV RI EDLO DOUHDG\ IXUQLVKHG 7KH RUGHU ZDV
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of Presiding Judge Weller, it was learned that an old
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APPENDIX V 34 35 LA TIMES

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made to get in touch with Justice Brown, who had just left his
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EDLOERQGV

CH AR GE “R AIL ROADING”

The Mazdaznan cult members who were anxious to furnish

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OHDGHU 7KH\ ORRN XSRQ KLV DUUHVW DV DQ DWWHPSW WR ´UDLOURDGµ
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Mr Wegman said he had been a barber for forty years, and
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'HSXW\'LVWULFW$WWRUQH\)ULFNHZDVSUHVHQWIRUWKHSHRSOH Mazdaznan Temple, view across the street
6KRUWO\DIWHU+DQLVKKDGÁHGIURP/RV$QJHOHVIROORZLQJKLV Photographer unknown, 1914
Chicago Daily News negatives collection,
indictment, his followers paid for advertisements in local papers &KLFDJR+LVWRU\0XVHXP
in which they caused to be printed propaganda calculated to
VHFXUHWKHGLVPLVVDORIWKHLQGLFWPHQWVDJDLQVWWKH´OLWWOHPDVWHUµ leaving forwarding address, and other parents refused to aid the
In one of these advertisements it was argued that the indictments authorities - in spite of the charges - on the grounds that the
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Then the parents of a number of children whom the authorities a number of followers were celebrating a holiday fete known
wanted as witnesses to question moved from their homes without DV ´(DKDQ %DUµ LQ D SULYDWH KRPH7KH FXOW·V KLJK SULHVW ZDV
APPENDIX V 36
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entered, and, according to the police, roared a profane protest
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7KH0D]GD]QDQVKDGDSUHWHQWLRXVWHPSOHRQWKHVKRUHRI/DNH
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7KH´OLWWOHPDVWHUµZDVFRQYLFWHGLQWKH)HGHUDO'LVWULFW&RXUW
in Chicago, in that year, of sending indecent matter in his cult
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The county grand jury took up an investigation late in
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Investigation of the affair led to charges involving a
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practices were declared to have been of the most revolting
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APPE ND I X V I T H E L IFE OF DR . O. Z . A. H A’ NIS H
0D]GD]QDQ0DJD]LQH/RQGRQ
In this momentous year of 1944, the Mazdaznan Family the
world over, commemorates the centenary anniversary of the birth
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It is not our privilege to know the place of his birth, for
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presented with a lion cub, as is not unusual in Oriental Royal
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,UDQ :KLOVW PRUH H[DFW NQRZOHGJH RI VXFK KLVWRULFDO GDWD
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During his long and strenuous life on planet earth, he left behind
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B OY H O O D DAYS
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remarked in one of his early lectures that he had not been blessed
with a strong constitution and had been given only eleven months
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GRQRWKLQJIRUKLP
APPENDIX V I 38
+HDOVRVXIIHUHGIURPDGHIHFWLYHKHDUWZKLFKEDIÁHGPHGLFDO
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SUREOHPVKHZDVGHSULYHGRIPLONDVDFKLOG$ER\RIWZHOYH
years of age was charged with the duty of taking the milk
intended for Master but he either drank it himself or poured
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his indomitable will sustained him and he lived to a ripe old
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unceasingly with rhythmic breathing exercises and follow all
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MAZ DAYA S N I ( Z N A N ) TEM PLE C OMMU NITY
Naturally his parents despaired of saving his life and it is
related how they took him as a last resort to the renowned
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of arduous travel the boy was refused admission because of his
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They were given to understand that he would be trained and
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Early in his training, when a boy in the Communities, he
recounted about the time when he was working in the open, with
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39 T H E L IFE OF DR . O. Z . A. H A’ NIS H
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to consciousness, he went to the Patriarch in charge and said:
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Shortly afterwards he experienced a fast for forty days
and forty nights, followed by a baptism which involved being
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UHPHPEUDQFHVWLOOPDGHKLPVKLYHUDWWKHWKRXJKW 7KLVZDVQRW
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horrendous over high mountains with very steep and rocky
paths and being very young, weary and weak he was in no
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mend his old rags so that they were reasonably presentable in
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Suddenly, he said, the Veil of the Temple was drawn
apart and the richly jewel-studded door was opened, and out
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languages he said something, which if translated into English
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APPENDIX V I 40
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dipped in that icy pool; walked 1,500 miles and stayed up all
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has been our constant thought and purpose; so that we never put
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desires to go forth to teach so much as could be comprehended,
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M A S TER’ S M I S S I ON
Master started his missionary work in Jerusalem, and Tibet
and then gravitated to Russia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, France,
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desultory manner, until he found it necessary to organise his
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and cities of the countries which he visited, including the
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making investigations and gathering archaeological proofs of
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was well versed in all the arts and sciences; in religion, philosophy,
philology, ethnology, sociology, horticulture, mathematics,
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It is no exaggeration to say that he inspired most of the great
reforms and inventions of the last half century, which we today
enjoy as a common heritage, without thought of the labours
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industry, and subsequently advocated the adoption of a six-hour
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On one occasion Ford claimed that the advent of the motor
age, which has revolutionized the entire life of mankind, was
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Edison, in honour of Master, called his invention of the electric
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APPENDIX V I 42
his indebtedness to Master for his advice and counsel in the
production of exotic fruits and vegetables by means of hybrid-
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heralded the dawn of great developments in aeronautical
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atmosphere of the heavens at the incredible speed of 1,200 miles
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he said, would be rendered unnecessary as planes would rise
gyroscopically from the ground without the need for taking off,
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harnessing of untapped cosmic energy both domestically and
in industry for light, heat and power at a small cost per annum,
which would render coal, gas and similar electric undertakings
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prophecies, but indicated the ways and means by which they
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Many of those who subsequently became famous in their various
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43 T H E L IFE OF DR . O. Z . A. H A’ NIS H
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Food reform and cafeterias, homeopathy, naturopathy,
osteopathy and eurhythmy were all inspired by Master; he even
introduced scenic railways and switchbacks in order to induce
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It is interesting to recall that two other Teachers came out
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Science was the outcome of the teaching of one and Mormonism
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to freely go their own way, asking neither acknowledgment
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edition was subsequently recalled, but one copy still remains to
tell the tale, even though the present day adherents are ignorant
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FEDERATION OF NATIONS
In the early days Tolstoy and Master often met to discuss ways
and means for the liberation and emancipation of the people
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of Nations at San Francisco in 1915, so great was his desire for
APPENDIX V I 44 45 T H E L IFE OF DR . O. Z . A. H A’ NIS H

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in getting President Woodrow Wilson and several European The mission entrusted to Master was the dissemination of
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(XURSH7KLVZDVWKH1HZ2UGHUZKLFKZDVUHMHFWHGLQIDYRXU thereto, following worthily in the footsteps of the Great Ones
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ZRUOGKDVORVWE\WKLVUHMHFWLRQFDQHDVLO\EHVXUPLVHG The world at large was not ready for what one may term the
esoteric phase of so sublime a philosophy; only a numbered
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was seen and heard upon its platforms, proclaiming a message aspects: Rhythmic Breathing, Dietetics, Gland Therapy, Personal
that man was but the earthly messenger or instrument of the 'LDJQRVLVDQG(XJHQLFV%\GRLQJVRKHODLGWKHIRXQGDWLRQIRU
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and the charter of texts which their ministers must know before
being ordained remain today substantially as framed by Master
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the course of his address:
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were imbued with the idealism of the age which was coming
and the new thought which was inspiring and uplifting people
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to remember that every New Thought Movement in the world
has a right also to claim him, to respect and honour him for the
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(A fragment of the world’s unwritten ancient history)

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(GLVRQ0D]GDDGYHUWLVPHQW, 1918
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sizzled and foamed as they broke in their unfruitful attempt of
destroying the obstacles in their path, stood the immense structure
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VXQRYHUWKHVXUIDFHRIWKHZDWHUVIRUPLOHVDURXQG7KHSULQFLSDO
tower was more of a building in itself than a mere tower, for its
roomy compartments were occupied by the Boorus, the wise
of the country, to control and govern the phenomena of nature
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WKHORZHUÁRRUVRIWKHVWUXFWXUHVRWKDWRQO\WKLUWHHQVWRUH\V
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position of the high tower stood in a way to overlook the four
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peculiarly shaped concave and convex mirrors arranged in
cylindrical positions, reminding one of an observatory, with this
difference, that so numerous were the apparatii and of so complex
positions and degrees set in the various directions that it made
quite an uncanny impression upon the visitor, all the more so
when strange sounds began to emanate from one apparatus, while
another one created phenomena that reminded one strongly of
mirages, fata morganaDQGDSSDULWLRQV
APPENDIX V II 48
In this circular tower room of his palace, over looking the south
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cushioned chair as he adjusted the mirrors through a mere push
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the young man who sat by his side, running over a table of what
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strangers within our gates, since we are prohibited from visiting
other nations who do not share our privileges of liberty and
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whereof thou speakest; a visit by strangers like unto these bound
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remember thee saying that our land is to be visited ere long
by a catastrophe inavertable, but surely that day must be
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us at any moment now that the underground channels are
connected from one end of the ocean to the other, cut and cross-
cut in opposite directions to please the frivolity of a race stricken
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are devastated, cattle are being forced into existence with every
available means, while cities are growing like mushrooms,
rapidly crowding with the offspring of citizens who once were
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49 AE TAL ONIA
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no longer called for except in our public houses of learning
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manhood and womanhood of our race so that the real purpose
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education and the teaching as well as expounding of the Truth as
revealed through the Mirrors of the Almighty avert the calamity
and save our race from ruin? Thou art so wondrously wise, my
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heart, my delight, my hope, whose heart has been turned in
these days from the path of destruction and saved unto a higher
understanding, to arise in due time to save the records of our
race as a testimony against a haughty people, thy pure motives
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The world knows WKH WUXWK ,W LV WDXJKW HYHU\ZKHUH DQG DOO
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The world knows of the strenuous efforts and all the operations
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from one corner to another is dispatched to their homes; yet
they treat it all lightly, considering everything entertainment
and sensation 7KHUH LV QR WKRXJKW WR JRYHUQ WKHLU IRRWVWHSV
all is rushing into the everlasting arms of eternal destruction
where the body corrupts and the soul perishes to be tormented
by the powers of darkness until the guilty stain of their
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sophistries the trend of thought directs the efforts of man
toward destruction for every season brings forth its own kind
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´2P\/RUGµVDLGWKH\RXWK´WK\VWDWHPHQWLVLQGHHGDVWURQJ merely phantoms, for the character of one day was directly
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our mind with regrets in days of trials and sorrow? Teach me, O and ornaments one might have been led to believe himself in a
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do nothing but simply give you my experience and impart my
observations, while it rests with thee and thy God to come to
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through the voice of the spirit that permeates all domains of
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Just then a colour display attracted the attention of father
and son, for both were busily engaged adjusting the Mirrors of
the Almighty7KHKXPPLQJWKDWÀOOHGWKHURRPUHPLQGHGRQH
of the swarming of bees on a clear summer day, yet the sounds
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and hammers of the most delicate and intricate kind clicked in
every key of the musical scale, yet very much subdued, and as
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novice would never have been able to determine, still it must
all have been of some importance for father and son would
occasionally turn toward each other and frown their brows
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apparatus to those of the Circular Room adorned the apartment,
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quite a number of Boorus, or wise men; others, again, had but
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their homes an entirely different and almost an opposite nature
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To the careful observer or the psychological and physio-
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 52 APPE ND I X V I I I M A ZDAZN AN SO N GS

Excerpted from:
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Selbst-Diagnostik, 1933
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Excerpted from:
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APPENDIX IX
I am a Mazdaznan, and herewith make my statement according
to the only infallible, inspired, divine and revealed religion:
That there is no authority greater than God and no religion
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I must hold to the covenant that I am here upon this earth to
reclaim the earth, to turn the deserts into a paradise, a paradise
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of prosperity, neither resort to it in case of famine or torture
to save myself from starvation; for he who clings to life shall
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I must never raise my hand, or a weapon of any kind, against
my brother, a friend or foe, for all they that take the sword
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I must never engage in any business or profession calculated to
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I must declare and make peace with an adversary quickly
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I must never go before courts with any grievance whatsoever,
and when forced into it by an adversary, leave it all to the
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I must live in peace under the most adverse conditions, and
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I must never enter into dispute, debate, discussion or argument
about creed, belief, customs or theories, for argument is death
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of all mankind through the application of ingenuity, invention
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the neglected, the struggling, the perishing, and do so in a
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I must be honest, true, pure, chaste, truthful and industrious,
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propensities and properties into constructive pursuits that the
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I must keep within the boundary lines of the dictates of my
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Saviour with the loss of my terrestrial life than to turn traitor
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APPENDIX IX 60 APPE ND I X I X INH AR MONIOUS FOOD COMB INATIONS

Excerpted from:
Mazdaznan Science of Daily Life

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Inharmonious combination of the constituents of a meal retard

the formation of vitamins, develop poisonous substances, and
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exhaustive but merely intended as a general guide in arriving at
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APPENDIX IX 62 63 INH AR MONIOUS FOOD COMB INATIONS

VEGETABLES FRUIT
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with cucumber Fruits
with cheese Mushrooms with artichoke
orange pulp cheese
egg aubergine
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pear milk
mushroom
tomato mushroom
pulse celeriac
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with nectarine pulse
with egg cucumber
peach Melon with cucumber
rhubarb dairy products
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Banana with cheese* orange
with egg eggplant
egg Orange with grape
mushroom fruit
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orange pulp melon
with fruits
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mushroom pulse
Cherry with grape banana
turnip salsify
pineapple Peach with pear
Beetroot with carrot spinach
Citrus Fruits with EHUULHV VP Strawberry with citrus fruits
egg sprouts
tomato potato
potato tomato
tomato Potato with beetroot 1%³7KHFRPELQDWLRQRIFLWUXVIUXLWVZLWKVPDOOEHUULHVLVDSWWR
turnip squash FDXVHVNLQHUXSWLRQVGXHWRWKHRSSRVLQJDFLGV
Carrot with beetroot strawberry
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mushroom mushroom mushroom EHUULHV IUXLW
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Cucumber with apple rhubarb IUXLW IUHVK cheese
marrow Pulse with artichoke mushroom FRUQ RQFRE
melon dairy products pulse eggplant
mushroom fruit salsify mushroom
+RUVHUDGLVK with buttercup mushroom Cream with mushroom pastry
nasturtium Sprouts with mushroom Egg with artichoke pulse
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Melon with cucumber beetroot aubergine sprouts
orange citrus fruits beetroot tubers
mushroom

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eggs and milk, insamuch as they are conducive to mucous, phlegm, and other
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APPENDIX IX 64 APPE N D I X XI L IS T OF B ANNE D OR GANIS ATIONS

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they opened Aryana 0D]GD]QDQ·V (XURSHDQ KHDGTXDUWHUV ,W
included a guest house, a printing workshop and a mail-order
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retreated to Aryana after leaving the Bauhaus, founding the
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Mazdaznan always had a racial and eugenic aspect to its
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Mazdaznan eugenics was largely concerned with how couples
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Photographer unknown Itten, for a time, followed this primitive religio-racism, writing
Chicago Daily News negatives collection,
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des weißen Mannes (House of the White Man) to a Bauhaus
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editions of the book 0D]GD]QDQ5DVVHQOHKUH 0D]GD]QDQ
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embracing of the German zietgeist Mazdaznan was, along with
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Britain for her generosity; Tamsin Clark and Roman Vasseur for their
willingness to practice Mazdaznan exercises; David Falkner and
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Copyright © Open Editions 2012

Copyright © Ian Whittlesea 2012

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Designed by Joseph Pochodzaj

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