Original Article

A Bibliometric Analysis on Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus

2: Visualization, Patterns, and Trends
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ijmy by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AW

Carlos Quispe‑Vicuña1, Miguel Cabanillas‑Lazo1, Diego Galarza‑Valencia2, Cesar Mauricio‑Vilchez3, Franco Mauricio2, Fran Espinoza‑Carhuancho4,
Frank Mayta‑Tovalino4
1
Academic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2Academic Department, Unidad de Investigación, Innovación y
Emprendimiento, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, 3Academic Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, 4Academic
nYQp/IlQrHD3i3D0OdRyi7TvSFl4Cf3VC1y0abggQZXdgGj2MwlZLeI= on 03/16/2024

Department, Grupo de Bibliometría, Evaluación de evidencia y Revisiones Sistemáticas, Human Medicine Career, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru

Abstract
Background: The convergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and tuberculosis (TB) may lead to increased mortality and complications,
so the underlying mechanism is under investigation. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was performed to describe the bibliometric indicators
of publications evaluating the relationship between TB and DM2. Methods: A descriptive and observational bibliometric study was conducted
using the Scopus database to identify documents published from 2016–2023, for which free and controlled terms (Medical subject headings
and Emtree) were used. The variables collected comprised the number of published documents, institutions, countries, authors, journals, and
type of collaboration, which were exported to Excel 2016 and analyzed with SciVal. Results: A total of 456 documents, 1624 authors, and
2173 citations were identified, with Medicine and Immunology‑Microbiology being the subcategories with the highest and lowest number of
documents (367 and 80 documents), respectively, with a strong decreasing trend correlation (R2: 0.95; P < 0.5) between the number and year
of publication. While the country with the highest production was China (71 papers), the country with the highest citation was the United
States (952 citations). In terms of authors, the highest production was by the American Venketaraman, and the highest impact was by the
Asian Kimberly To. The institution with the highest number of papers was the Western University of Health Sciences, while Stellenbosch
had the highest impact. Conclusion: Although the scientific productivity of DM2 and TB have reported growth rates of 158.75% and 7.3%,
respectively, our results found a decreasing trend in publications associating these two diseases. The thematic evolution of the concepts in
both diseases suggests that the relationship between them is not yet known, so future studies evaluating the underlying mechanisms of this
comorbidity are suggested.

Keywords: Bibliometrics, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis

Submitted: 06-Dec-2023 Revised: 11-Jan-2024 Accepted: 19‑Feb‑2024 Published: 15-Mar-2024

Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major diseases with the
greatest impact on global public health,[1] affecting almost
530 million people worldwide, causing almost two million
deaths and being mainly caused by type 2 DM2 (96.0% of
cases).[2] Type 2 diabetes has experienced an alarming increase
in recent years worldwide,[3] and this has led to an increase in
the risk of its complications and many infections, which are
caused by the immunosuppressive state that DM2 tends to
generate in the population.[4] This has led to the development
of tuberculosis (TB) along with the growing trend of DM2. TB,
often abbreviated as TB, is a persistent bacterial disease triggered
by the bacterium known as Mycobacterium TB. It is a significant
Access this article online
Quick Response Code:
Website:
https://journals.lww.com/IJMY
global health concern, being a leading cause of illness and death
worldwide. The disease impacts nearly 11 million individuals
and is responsible for just over a million fatalities globally.[5]
The convergence of these two diseases raises crucial questions
about how the presence of DM2 may increase the risk of
Address for correspondence: Dr. Frank Mayta‑Tovalino,
Av. Paseo de la República 5544, Miraflores 15074, Peru.
E‑mail: fmaytat@cientifica.edu.pe
ORCID:
Frank Mayta‑Tovalino: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-0024
This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial‑ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to
remix, tweak, and build upon the work non‑commercially, as long as appropriate credit
is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
For reprints contact: WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com

How to cite this article: Quispe‑Vicuña C, Cabanillas‑Lazo M,

DOI: Galarza‑Valencia D, Mauricio‑Vilchez C, Mauricio F, Espinoza‑Carhuancho F,
10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_18_24 et al. A bibliometric analysis on tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus 2: Visualization,
patterns, and trends. Int J Mycobacteriol 2024;13:83-90.

© 2024 International Journal of Mycobacteriology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 83

 Quispe‑Vicuña, et al.: Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus 2
developing TB and, in turn, how TB infection may affect
metabolic control and diabetes progression. A previous
systematic review found that DM2 increases the risk of
developing latent and active TB by just over two‑fold.[6] In
addition to that, patients with TB and DM2 have reported
increased odds of death and almost twice the risk of developing
drug‑resistant states.[7] This highlights the importance of having
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ijmy by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AW
a clear picture of the interaction of these two diseases and their
status in the medical literature. To achieve this, bibliometric
studies would be a very good option since they comprise a
quantitative analysis of certain topics, by means of which
nYQp/IlQrHD3i3D0OdRyi7TvSFl4Cf3VC1y0abggQZXdgGj2MwlZLeI= on 03/16/2024
the predominant trends in research can be evaluated;[8] they
also allow us to analyze the authors, journals, and institutions
with the greatest academic productivity, providing us with a
complete vision of a specific topic.[9]
This data would provide reliable statistics to guide future
research and, at the same time, be a tool for the medical
community to have a current overview of the topic of interest.
Regarding DM2 and TB, so far, no bibliometric analysis has
been developed that associates both diseases; however, there
are multiple bibliometric studies that analyze the productivity
of the diseases as such[10] or associating them with other topics
such as monitoring, diagnosis, treatment, etc.[11]
Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was performed with the aim
of describing bibliometric indicators of publications related to
the relationship between TB and DM2.
Methods
Ethical statement
Because this study used publicly available secondary data from
the Scopus database and did not involve humans or animals,
no ethics committee approval was required.
This bibliometric study does not need ethical approval as it uses
public anonymous data from Scopus. It poses no ethical issues
related to privacy or informed consent. The data are already
published, eliminating confidentiality concerns.
Study design and database
An observational and descriptive bibliometric study was
formulated, leveraging the Scopus database. This bibliometric
study does not require a sample calculation because it is
based on the exhaustive analysis of all articles published in a
database, such as Scopus. This database is renowned for its
unrestricted access to a broad spectrum of publications, and it
supports both rudimentary and sophisticated search strategies
for gathering articles.[12]
Inclusion criteria
1. Papers published in the Scopus database from 2016–2023
2. Papers using free and controlled terms (Medical subject
headings [MeSH] and Emtree) related to TB and type 2
DM2
3. Papers evaluating the relationship between TB and DM2
4. Papers providing bibliometric indicators of publications.
84 International Journal of Mycobacteriology ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2024
Exclusion criteria
1. Papers that are not related to TB and DM2
2. Opinion articles, editorials, letters to the editor, and
papers that are not original research
3. Documents that are not written in English
4. Papers that do not have full text available.
Search strategy
An advanced search strategy developed independently by two
authors (MCL and CQV) was used. Discrepancies were resolved
by consensus by a third author (FMT) to obtain a single strategy.
The search strategy was formulated using different MeSH (Medical
Subject Headings) and Emtree (Embase) terms as the basis. In
addition to the Boolean operators “OR” and “AND,” the following
search strategy was obtained: (TITLE‑ABS (tuberculos * OR
“Kochs Diseas*” OR “Koch × s Diseas*” OR “Koch Diseas*” OR
“TB diseas*” OR “TB infect*” OR “active TB” OR “tuberculous
infect*” OR “tuberculous lesion”) OR AUTHKEY (tuberculos
* OR “Kochs Diseas*” OR “Koch’s Diseas*” OR “Koch
Diseas*” OR “TB diseas*” OR “TB infect*” OR “active
TB” OR “tuberculous infect*” OR “tuberculous lesion”))
AND (TITLE‑ABS (diabet * AND (“Noninsulin Dependent” OR
“Ketosis Resistant” OR “Non Insulin Dependent” OR stable OR
“ii” OR “Type 2” OR niddm OR “Maturity Onset” OR “Slow
Onset” OR “dm 2” OR “adult Onset” OR “insulin independent”
OR t2dm)) OR AUTHKEY (diabet * AND (“Noninsulin
Dependent” OR “Ketosis Resistant” OR “Non Insulin Dependent”
OR stable OR ii OR “Type 2” OR niddm OR “Maturity Onset”
OR “Slow Onset” OR “dm 2” OR “adult Onset” OR “insulin
independent” OR t2dm))) AND (LIMIT‑TO (PUBYEAR, 2023)
OR LIMIT‑TO (PUBYEAR, 2022) OR LIMIT‑TO (PUBYEAR,
2 0 2 1 ) O R L I M I T‑ T O ( P U B Y E A R , 2 0 2 0 ) O R
LIMIT‑TO (PUBYEAR, 2019) OR LIMIT‑TO (PUBYEAR, 2018)
OR LIMIT‑TO (PUBYEAR, 2017) OR LIMIT‑TO (PUBYEAR,
2016)).
Selection of information
The sample used in this study included papers published from
2016 to 2023, without language limitation. We excluded
letters, conference papers, editorials, notes, short surveys,
conference reviews, errata, and articles whose metadata did
not allow analysis.
Data analysis
The gathered data were transferred to Microsoft Excel 2016
for further analysis. Bibliometric indicators were derived using
the SciVal tool, a Software owned by Elsevier (Netherlands),
which is capable of processing vast amounts of data and
producing robust bibliometric analyses. The data procured
from SciVal were used to examine several variables: the
number of published documents, institutions, countries,
authors, journals, and the nature of collaboration. The findings
were organized and displayed in descriptive Tables. To identify
publication trends, a Pearson correlation was conducted.
Various indicators were utilized to analyze the different variables;[13]
citations per paper, CiteScore, SCImago Journal and Rank,
 Quispe‑Vicuña, et al.: Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus 2
Source‑Normalized Impact per Paper, and the type of collaboration
of the publications were also analyzed. To illustrate the flow of
normalized relationships by journal‑country‑author, a three‑field
graph (Sankey diagram) was used where the largest rectangular
nodes in each category allow visual evaluation of the relationships
between the elements evaluated. Bibliometrix 3.0 R version 4.2.3
(Bibliometrix 3.0 R version 4.2.3 [R studio, Italy]) was used to
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ijmy by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AW
analyze scientific production by country and to describe graphically
the thematic evolution of publications over the years.
Results
nYQp/IlQrHD3i3D0OdRyi7TvSFl4Cf3VC1y0abggQZXdgGj2MwlZLeI= on 03/16/2024
During the period 2016–2023, following the process of
inclusion and exclusion of publications, a total of 456 papers,
1624 authors, and 2173 citations were identified [Figure 1]
being the subcategories with the highest number of papers in
Medicine (367 papers), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular
Biology (80 papers), and Immunology and Microbiology
(80 papers) as shown in Figure 1. A strong decreasing trend
correlation with a significant P value (R2: 0.95; P < 0.05) was
observed between the number and year of publication [Figure 2].
The countries with the highest production are China
(71 papers), the United States (68 papers) and India
(57 papers). However, the order of the countries with the
highest number of citations is different with the United States
(952 citations), the United Kingdom (621 citations), and India
(494 citations) [Figure 3].
Figure 1: Study selection flowchart
International Journal of Mycobacteriology ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2024
Among the 10 authors with the highest number of TB and DM2
publications, the American author Vishwanath Venketaraman
had the highest number of publications (13) and citations (218),
while Kimberly To had the highest impact with 26.4 citations
per paper in her five publications. Most of the authors were
North American (5 of 10 authors) [Table 1].
The 10 institutions with the highest number of papers
are shown in Table 2. Western University of Health
Sciences (USA) was the institution with the highest
scientific output (13) and citations (218), while Stellenbosch
University (South Africa) had the highest impact (19.9
citations per paper).
Regarding the journals, Indian Journal of TB and Frontiers
in Immunology from India and Switzerland, respectively, are
the journals with the highest number of publications (11)
and the journal with the highest number of citations was the
Journal of Clinical Medicine (186). However, the journal
with the highest % of citations and the highest impact is BMC
Infectious Diseases (79% and 22.1 citations per paper with 10
publications) [Table 3].
According to the metric CiteScore, Table 4 shows the number
of documents according to the quartile of the journal and
the type of collaboration. During the study period, a great
predominance of high‑quality journals (Q1 and especially
Q2) is observed with respect to the rest. Regarding the type
85
 Quispe‑Vicuña, et al.: Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus 2

Table 1: Top 10 authors publishing

Author Total documents Total citation Citations per document H‑index FWCI Country
Venketaraman, Vishwanath 13 218 16.8 1.14 29 United States
Cao, Ruoqiong 8 115 14.4 1 9 United States
Sathananthan, Airani 7 91 13 0.87 13 United States
Ronacher, Katharina 6 100 16.7 0.71 31 Australia
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ijmy by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AW

Zenteno‑Cuevas, Roberto 6 15 2.5 0.28 18 Mexico

Subbian, Selvakumar 5 64 12.8 0.98 31 United States
Govan, Brenda L 5 35 7 0.56 22 Australia
Kupz, Andreas 5 35 7 0.56 18 Australia
nYQp/IlQrHD3i3D0OdRyi7TvSFl4Cf3VC1y0abggQZXdgGj2MwlZLeI= on 03/16/2024

Novita, Bernadette Dian 5 32 6.4 0.54 3 Indonesia

To, Kimberly 5 132 26.4 1.57 6 United States
FWCI: Field‑weighted citation impact

80
74
75 71
Number of Publications

69
70
65
58 R2 = -0.008
60 57
55
50
45 43 42 42
40
35
30
2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Year

Figure 2: Trend of publications

of collaboration, it is mostly only national (40%) followed
by international (29.8%), which would evidence a greater
impact and interest of the subject of this study in the world
literature.
The thematic evolution in TB and diabetes research has shown
a remarkable transition over time. Comorbidity, a consistent
theme from 2016 to 2020, has shifted its focus to DM in
2021–2022. Inflammation, a pivotal theme in 2016–2018,
has shifted to TB in 2019–2020. The study of Mycobacterium
TB has maintained its relevance but has expanded its focus
to cytokines, TB, and glutathione in 2019–2020. Pulmonary
TB, a major topic in 2016–2018, has shifted its focus to
type 2 diabetes in 2019–2020. TB research has maintained
its relevance but has expanded its focus to diabetes, DM,
HIV, and metformin in 2019–2020. DM2, a relevant topic
in 2016–2018, has evolved into TB in 2019–2020. Finally,
diagnostics, a relevant topic in 2019–2020, has evolved to
latent TB in 2021–2022. These findings reflect the dynamics
and evolution of research in this field, highlighting the
importance of comorbidity, inflammation, TB, and DM2 in
the literature on TB and diabetes [Figure 4].
In the Sankey diagram, strong relationships were evident
between journals such as TB and Journal of Clinical Medicine
with countries such as the United States and China, as well
Figure 3: Top ten productive countries
as authors such as Vishwanath Venketaraman and Ruoqiong
Cao [Figure 5 and 6].
Discussion
A significant trend was found in the decrease of scientific
production per year on TB and DM2 (R2: 0.61). China, the
United States, and India are the leading countries in this area,
with almost 43% of the publications. Most of the scientific
production consisted of original articles published in high
quality journals. These works were carried out by North
American authors and only had national collaboration.
In the last decade, the scientific productivity of DM2 together
with other metabolic diseases, has reported a growth rate of
158.75%,[14] and the productivity of TB research has reported
an annual growth rate of 7.3% (10). However, our results
found a decreasing trend in publications associating these
two diseases, which would indicate few studies evaluating
this relationship. This would be in keeping with the context
that, although many studies suggest that immunometabolic
changes during diabetes cause increased susceptibility to TB,
the mechanisms underlying these changes and effects are not
well understood.[15]

86 International Journal of Mycobacteriology ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2024

 Quispe‑Vicuña, et al.: Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus 2

Table 2: Top ten productive institutions

Institution Country Documents Total Citations per FWCI
citation document
Western University of Health Sciences United States 13 218 16.8 1.14
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine United Kingdom 11 78 7.1 0.5
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran Mexico 11 202 18.4 1.03
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ijmy by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AW

Stellenbosch University South Africa 10 199 19.9 1.69

University of the Witwatersrand South Africa 10 117 11.7 1.03
South African Medical Research Council South Africa 10 143 14.3 0.96
University of Queensland Australia 9 118 13.1 0.93
Universitas Airlangga Indonesia 9 34 3.8 0.44
nYQp/IlQrHD3i3D0OdRyi7TvSFl4Cf3VC1y0abggQZXdgGj2MwlZLeI= on 03/16/2024

Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Mexico 8 43 5.4 0.42

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico Mexico 8 95 11.9 0.96
FWCI: Field‑weighted citation impact

Table 3: Bibliometric indicators of production and impact on journals

Journals Country Quartile Scimago Documents Citations Citations per SNIP CiteScore
journal rank (% cited) document 2022
Indian Journal of Tuberculosis India Q3 0.452 11 53 (56) 4.8 0.7 2.6
Frontiers in Immunology Switzerland Q1 2.022 11 138 (74) 12.5 1.49 9.4
Tuberculosis United States Q2 0.71 10 89 (76) 8.9 0.894 4.9
BMC Infectious Diseases United Kingdom Q2 1.055 10 132 (79) 13.2 1.283 6.2
Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis China NR 0 10 5 (NR) 0.5 0 0
PLoS ONE United States Q1 0.885 7 46 (75) 6.6 1.253 6
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Switzerland Q1 1.308 6 55 (71) 9.2 1.198 6.4
Microbiology
Frontiers in Public Health Switzerland Q1 1.125 6 16 (52) 2.7 1.374 3.8
Journal of Clinical Medicine Switzerland Q1 0.935 6 186 (70) 31 1.179 5.4
International Journal of France Q1 0.966 5 35 (68) 7 0.816 4.1
Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
SNIP: Source‑normalized impact per paper, NR: Not reported

Table 4: Documents published according CiteScore Quartil 2022 and type of collaboration
CiteScore Quartile 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total
Q1 17 11 23 21 21 14 107
Q2 9 24 17 27 25 22 124
Q3 6 8 12 9 14 8 57
Q4 7 9 10 8 7 7 48
Total 39 52 62 65 67 51 336
Type of collaboration Documents (%) Citations Citations per publication FWCI
International collaboration 111 (29.8) 1602 14.4 1.08
National collaboration 149 (40.0) 1144 7.7 0.73
Institutional collaboration 95 (25.5) 425 4.5 0.51
Single authorship 15 (4.0) 155 10.3 1.81
FWCI: Field‑weighted citation impact

More than two‑thirds of the global prevalence of both TB is
usually concentrated in Asian and Middle Eastern countries,[16]
and similarly, the East Asian region usually concentrates a large
amount of the world’s diabetes burden (3); this may account
for the fact that countries such as India or China are among
the countries with the highest productivity.
The author Kimberly To had the highest impact with 26.4
citations per paper with only 5 publications, highlighting a
review that evaluates the susceptibility to pathogens such
as TB caused by an altered immune system that is usually
found in patients with DM2 due to factors such as advanced
glycation and constant inflammation caused by a very high
glucose concentration.[17] This publication was one of the most
cited, with 85 citations, which evidence its importance in the
medical literature to understand the association between TB
and DM2.

International Journal of Mycobacteriology ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2024 87

 Quispe‑Vicuña, et al.: Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus 2
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ijmy by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AW
nYQp/IlQrHD3i3D0OdRyi7TvSFl4Cf3VC1y0abggQZXdgGj2MwlZLeI= on 03/16/2024

Figure 4: Thematic evolution

Figure 5: Three‑field plot

Figure 6: Country collaboration map

Stellenbosch University leads in research impact with 19.9
citations per article. A review highlights the need to study TB
and diabetes. Gaps in knowledge about altered immunity in
patients with DM2 during TB were identified.[18] In turn, this
institution has previously been reported to have been one of
the most collaborative and affiliated institutions with others
on the topic of TB worldwide,[19] which would show its great
impact on TB issues.
The journal BMC Infectious Diseases was not only the journal
with the highest impact but also the one with the highest %
of citations. This journal is a high quartile (Q2), open‑access,
peer‑reviewed journal that collects articles evaluating all aspects

88 International Journal of Mycobacteriology ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2024

 Quispe‑Vicuña, et al.: Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus 2
of infectious and sexually transmitted diseases in humans and
animals. In addition, this journal has previously reported high
productivity in previous bibliometric studies TB.[20,21]
Regarding the thematic evolution, apart from TB and DM2
itself, comorbidity and inflammation are the topics that have
gained most relevance in recent years. This would reinforce
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ijmy by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AW
the idea that we do not have a complete understanding
of the causative mechanisms of this relationship, where
inflammation has played an important role among the
possible explanations.[15] Our study has some limitations.
First, we only analyzed the production from 2016 onward,
nYQp/IlQrHD3i3D0OdRyi7TvSFl4Cf3VC1y0abggQZXdgGj2MwlZLeI= on 03/16/2024
which, although we sought a more current overview, did
not cover the totality of publications on the target topic. In
addition to this, only the Scopus database was analyzed;
however, Scopus covers a wide spectrum of high‑quality
journals globally[22] compared to other databases. Despite
all this, our study also has strengths, such as the fact that an
exhaustive, paired, and independent search of the sample
of studies was carried out, seeking the best selection and
analysis of results. In addition to the fact that this is the
first bibliometric study that seeks to evaluate the association
between two diseases with a high impact on health, such as
TB and DM2.[9,23‑25]
Conclusion
We found a decreasing trend of scientific production per year
on TB and DM2 and that most of the scientific production was
in high quality journals with only national collaboration and
carried out in countries such as China and the United States.
Furthermore, although there is knowledge about the association
between TB and DM2, there is still not enough evidence to
identify the mechanisms that condition it and considering the
increasing cases of TB‑DM2 and the fact that this coexistence
can cause adverse effects in the treatment of TB patients, future
studies are required to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of
this comorbidity.
Limitation of the study
This study had some inherent limitations. First, the search
was conducted only in the Scopus database, which may have
excluded relevant publications in other databases. Second, the
search strategy was based on specific terms, which may have
omitted some studies using different terminology. Third, certain
types of documents, such as letters, editorials, and notes, which
might contain relevant information, were excluded. Fourth,
the analysis was performed using SciVal, which, although
a powerful tool, has its own limitations and biases. Finally,
although several bibliometric indicators were used to analyze
the data, these indicators have their own limitations and should
be interpreted with caution.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Universidad Cientifica
del Sur for the constant encouragement and support of this
research.
International Journal of Mycobacteriology ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2024
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
References
1. Arredondo A, Azar A, Recamán AL. Diabetes, a global public health
challenge with a high epidemiological and economic burden on health
systems in Latin America. Glob Public Health 2018;13:780‑7.
2. Lin X, Xu Y, Pan X, Xu J, Ding Y, Sun X, et al. Global, regional, and
national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: An
analysis from 1990 to 2025. Sci Rep 2020;10:14790.
3. Ong KL, Stafford LK, McLaughlin SA, Boyko EJ, Vollset SE, Smith AE,
et al. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to
2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: A systematic analysis for
the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet (London, England)
2023;402:203‑34.
4. Abbas U, Masood KI, Khan A, Irfan M, Saifullah N, Jamil B, et al.
Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: Relating immune impact of
co‑morbidity with challenges in disease management in high burden
countries. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2022;29:100343.
5. Bagcchi S. WHO’s global tuberculosis report 2022. Lancet Microbe
2023;4:e20.
6. Foe Essomba JR, Kenmoe S, Tchatchouang S, Ebogo Belobo JT,
Mbaga DS, Kengne Ndé C, et al. Diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis, a
systematic review and meta‑analysis with sensitivity analysis for studies
comparable for confounders. PLoS One 2021;16:e0261246.
7. Huangfu P, Ugarte Gil C, Golub J, Pearson F, Critchley J. The effects
of diabetes on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: An updated systematic
review and meta‑analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019;23:783‑96.
8. Donthu N, Kumar S, Mukherjee D, Pandey N, Lim WM. How to
conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. J Bus Res
2021;133:285‑96.
9. George JT, Miraclin AT, Sathyendra S, Michael JS, Prasad J, Rebekah G.
Pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: Clinical profile and
outcomes. Int J Mycobacteriol 2022;11:400‑6.
10. Nafade V, Nash M, Huddart S, Pande T, Gebreselassie N, Lienhardt C,
et al. A bibliometric analysis of tuberculosis research, 2007‑2016. PLoS
One 2018;13:e0199706.
11. Huang K, Zhu J, Xu S, Zhu R, Chen X. Bibliometric and visualized
analysis of 2011‑2020 publications on physical activity therapy for
diabetes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022;9:807411.
12. AlRyalat SA, Malkawi LW, Momani SM. Comparing bibliometric
analysis using pubmed, scopus, and web of science databases. J Vis Exp
2019;(152):58494.
13. Roldan Valadez E, Salazar Ruiz SY, Ibarra Contreras R, Rios C.
Current concepts on bibliometrics: A brief review about impact factor,
Eigenfactor score, citescore, SCImago journal rank, source‑normalised
impact per paper, H‑index, and alternative metrics. Ir J Med Sci
2019;188:939‑51.
14. Balooch Hasankhani M, Mirzaei H, Karamoozian A. Global trend analysis
of diabetes mellitus incidence, mortality, and mortality‑to‑incidence
ratio from 1990 to 2019. Sci Rep 2023;13:21908.
15. Bisht MK, Dahiya P, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S. The cause‑effect
relation of tuberculosis on incidence of diabetes mellitus. Front Cell
Infect Microbiol 2023;13:1134036.
16. Chakaya J, Khan M, Ntoumi F, Aklillu E, Fatima R, Mwaba P,
et al. Global tuberculosis report 2020 – Reflections on the global
TB burden, treatment and prevention efforts. Int J Infect Dis
2021;113 Suppl 1:S7‑12.
17. Ferlita S, Yegiazaryan A, Noori N, Lal G, Nguyen T, To K, et al. Type 2
diabetes mellitus and altered immune system leading to susceptibility
to pathogens, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Med
2019;8:2219.
18. Ronacher K, van Crevel R, Critchley JA, Bremer AA, Schlesinger LS,
Kapur A, et al. Defining a research agenda to address the converging
epidemics of tuberculosis and diabetes: Part 2: Underlying biologic
89
 Quispe‑Vicuña, et al.: Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus 2

mechanisms. Chest 2017;152:174‑80.
19. Abdullah M, Humayun A, Imran M, Bashir MA, Malik AA.
A bibliometric analysis of global research performance on
tuberculosis (2011‑2020): Time for a global approach to
support high‑burden countries. J Family Community Med
2022;29:117‑24.
20. Igwaran A, Edoamodu CE. Bibliometric analysis on tuberculosis and
tuberculosis‑related research trends in Africa: A decade‑long study.
Antibiotics (Basel) 2021;10:423.
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ijmy by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AW
Retamozo Siancas Y, Mayta Tovalino F. Scientometric analysis of the
world scientific production on tuberculosis associated with COVID‑19.
Int J Mycobacteriol 2022;11:249‑55.
23. Ahmed M, Omer I, Osman SM, Ahmed Abakur EH. Association between
pulmonary tuberculosis and type 2 diabetes in Sudanese patients. Int J
Mycobacteriol 2017;6:97‑101.
24. Desai A, Gupta N, Korishetty L, Saravu K. Treatment outcomes of
patients with tuberculosis and diabetes: A prospective cohort study from
India. Int J Mycobacteriol 2021;10:111‑5.

21. Zheng MQ, Li XX, Xu R, Liu S, Rui ZY, Guo ZY, et al. Bibliometric
analysis of tuberculosis molecular epidemiology based on CiteSpace.
Front Public Health 2022;10:1040176.
22. Nieto Chumbipuma J, Silva Reategui L, Fernandez Giusti A, Barja Ore J,
nYQp/IlQrHD3i3D0OdRyi7TvSFl4Cf3VC1y0abggQZXdgGj2MwlZLeI= on 03/16/2024
25. Ayeni FA, Oyetunde OO, Aina BA. The effect of collaborative care
on treatment outcomes of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients with
Type‑2 diabetes mellitus and adverse drug reaction presentations:
A prospective study. Int J Mycobacteriol 2021;10:285‑92.

90 International Journal of Mycobacteriology ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2024