~p -qur ~P1nq prq(rp1a)v(pna) ((-pma)vprall ver

98r = qUr1(q1r) Pr I #
E
↑F
F

pr(90r) 1-(p1(90r))
F F

p A (98r) T

I
= F T

F
F
I F F

=pufaurn-(91r)) 1- (p1(quranri))
T
T F F

I
T F
T
T
E E E + T
F
F F T

I
!*"Fin-"
I
I T
I
F F

"En
E I F T
T

T T

=
pr(Cavrinwaver)n(-pr(manrrqurill
p*q prq1(p1q)
(P09)Ar q(vr 1-))p89) 1r)
=
= (p *
prq1fpunal
1-((prqn(pra)) 1r)
((pUqnw(p1a))
=

1- pr-a) 1- ((pranfrpural) 1r)

=(Iprg)
=>
((prq) 1-pra) 1(w/prq1/puralvur)
=

(Ipvalipura) 1) - all parall ver

=(Prq) 1-pv-q) n(((pravon all ver)

 (p1-q)vp =
P

commutative Law
By
(P1-9) VP = PV/PAq)

Ep By Absorption

~((-p1q)v(-p1 q))v(p1-q))V(p1q) = P

~((-p1q)v(p1a)) v (p1a)

=((p1q)1-(p1 a) v(p19) By demorgan's Law

=((pr-9) 1/pvq)) v (p19) BY Absorption

= prlanvallv (pral By distribution

By
=(prc)v(p1q) Negation

=(p) ~ (p19) By identity

=p By absorption
6
al (p19)

I
16 P9 pla ov
.

si .

PVP19)=
I

T P
I
T T
b) ~S12i the
T F T
prlpral have all
p and

~P1q FT F F same truth values : they are

12 .

logically equivalent

I
F F F
P9 ~P ~P1 q F

F I
~pVgoR ~(prq)
I
T = ~P1q
Law : ~(p1a) =

F F F 27 .
De Morgan's
FT T The connector is loose
p
I
:

F T 9
:

The machine is unplugged

F
The connecter
is not loose and the machine is
plugged
~para :

38
.
- num-orders
14 . p1(q1r) 34 .
<2 or CS
=500
p x72 9-0 num-instock
Par an =

<200
x >5 ~ - num-instock
↑ T T T q :

F
~(p(q) up1vq

I
T F
E
=
(P19) Ur
v(p19)1
x = 21x
=
S
~((p1a)vr) =

T F

=(rpvanur
F
175
FT T -

numinctock soo) and 200

F T
E 36 17 x1 3 stick
-
.
num in
1 F
p = 1 >x (num-order or
x 3
(p1a)v(rpV(pnea))
-

q =

Y II
a

oaora-pre
~(p1q) = ~pvrq
40

.
F F
12x V x < - 3 T
T

At
-
-
3
F F
T

T
S3 .

~((-p1q)v(-p1a)) V(p19) = P

distributive
impr(queal) v(p1a)

~(p1t)v(na) negation

purt vp1q de morgan's /aw

negation of t
(puc)v(p1a)
PV (p19) identity

p absorption
 can be
1 b) If all algebraic expressions
~((-p1a)v(vp1va)) v(p19) = p
.

2b)(ac b) 53
notation then (a
.

prefix
+

written in
-

can be written in prefix notation .

~((p1q)v(vp1va))v(p19)
(a 2b)(a b) is an algebraic expression
-(vp1(avva))
-

(p19)
+

= v By distribution
written in prefix
Therefore (a+ 2b) (a2 b) can be

~(rp1t) v(p1q) law for V

By negation
=

notation

3 mind is shot or logic is confusing ~(rp) V P19 By identity law for 1

My
=
.

My mind is not shot = Pv pla By double negation

:. Logic is
confusing =
P By absorption

6 .
S1i

14 P1(91r) = ~((p1q)v(vp1va)) v(p19)

par p1(q1r)
I
=>
~(vp1(qvva)) v(p1a) by distribution

IIt i F
law
T

F
F

T
T

F
F

F
=v(vpnt) v (p1a) By negation
F T T F

law
F
F
F

F
T

F
F

F
=> ~(vp)v (p1a) identity

16 pU (p1a) and P pV(pra) absorption law

.
=>

p9p19 Pv(p1a)
T
1
+

T F
I
F T F F
F F F
L

I F
share the same values

:they are logically equivalent

connector is loose or the
27 .
The

machine is unplugged
p = connector is loose

9 =
machine is plugged

Pv7q

T(pV - 9) = <P19

the
The connector is not loose ant

machine is plugged
or x >S
34 .
x <2

Px = 2 PV 9

9 = x > <pra) = < P179

x =
2 1x =5

=2) S

36 ,
p
=

13 x

x -
3
q =

P19

7(p19) =

<PV7q

12x or x<-3

num-orders > 100

38 .
p =

9 = num -
instock 500

r =
num -
instock <200

(P19) Ur
7((193vr) =
<(p19)12r

=
GpV79)1Tr
(num-orders 100 or num-instock > 500) and

num - instock 200

48 .

p1q v(vpr(p1al)

p9 ~p va pla plea ~pr(p1a) PlaV(-pr(perall

F T F T
F
E E
T

-
,

F T T
T
F T T F F =
T T
F T T F
F
T T

↑
bel all
fartology
values are true