PARCON RAPHAEL JACOB S.
PARCON
10 - ST. ALBERT THE GREAT
DISEASES OF MALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
1. ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
DESCRIPTION:
The inability to get or maintain an erection that's
sufficient for sexual engagement on a regular or
frequent basis is known as erectile dysfunction (ED).
'Impotence' is another term for it. It's a common issue
that affects about 1 in 10 men overall and is more
common in males over 40. Psychological problems
including sadness, stress, or marital problems might set
off ED. But in more than 75% of ED cases, a physical
cause is identified. A mix of psychological and physical
factors contribute to ED in most men.
SYMPTOMS:
The most typical signs of erectile dysfunction include
trouble achieving and maintaining an erection during
sexual activity.
TREATMENT:
Hormone treatment
Hormonal problems are the root cause of only a small
percentage of ED cases.
The most common is low testosterone, which can be
raised with treatment that replaces lost testosterone.
Penile prosthesis
A rod that is manually put into the penis to generate an
erection is known as a penile prosthesis. In certain
instances, this entails "inflating" the penis with a little
pump. Usually used as a final resort when all other
options have failed.
Surgical treatments
Surgery may be necessary in very rare instances to
address blood vessel anomalies that impair blood flow.
2. CANCER OF THE PENIS(PENILE CANCER)
DESCRIPTION:
Cells that split and develop abnormally to produce a
lump are referred to as penile tumors. There are two
types of tumors: benign and malignant. Benign tumors
can push on nearby organs, affecting their ability to
function, however they do not spread to other areas of
the body. Malignant tumors have the capacity to spread
from their original location. Occasionally, cells split off
and go to different organs within the body via the
lymphatic or circulatory systems, where they grow into
new tumors.
SYMPTOMS:
•A pimple-like, painless sore on the end of the penis or on the
foreskin.
•Any other painless sore or warts on the penis.
•A persistent sore spot, ulcer or warty lump on the penis that
slowly spreads.
•Tender or swollen lymph nodes in the groin or abdomen.
•Bleeding during urination.
•Painful or difficult urination.
TREATMENT:
SURGERY
• Involves removal of the foreskin (circumcision).
• Microsurgery can often remove small tumours on the head of
the penis.
RADIOTHERAPY
• Beams of radiation are used to destroy cancer cells, while
avoiding harming normal cells. Usually used alongside
surgery on early stage tumours, and those that have not yet
spread.
CHEMOTHERAPY
• Special anti-cancer (cytotoxic) medicines are used to
destroy cancer cells.
Usually used in advanced cases where the cancer that has
spread to other parts of the body.
PARCON RAPHAEL JACOB S. PARCON
10 - ST. ALBERT THE GREAT
DISEASES OF MALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
3. BLOOD IN SEMEN
DESCRIPTION:
Haematospermia is a condition that refers to the
presence of visible blood in ejaculate (semen); it can
range from completely red to blood-tinged. This is not
the same as the blood that is visible during haematuria,
or passing urine.
The most frequent reasons are low-grade infection or
inflammation, which is concerning. It is also frequently
observed after urological treatments like radiation,
vasectomy, and prostate biopsy. For many people, there
won't be a clear-cut reason found. Thankfully,
symptoms often go away on their own and don't require
special medical care or surgery.
SYMPTOMS:
• Urinating with pain or a burning or stinging feeling
• An increase in the frequency of urine
• Overall illness (fatigue/sluggishness)
• Modified urination or behavior
TREATMENT:
Semen blood frequently levels off on its own. Most
frequently, a low-grade infection or inflammation of the
prostate's surrounding tissue (seminal tract) is the
cause. If an infection is found or suspected, your general
practitioner might prescribe an antibiotic treatment for
you.
4. TESTICULAR TORSION
DESCRIPTION:
Occurs due to the rotation and twisting of the testicle.
This causes swelling and eventually cuts off the blood
supply to the testicle.
SYMPTOMS:
Sudden onset pain that can be severe in the scrotum and
one of your testicles. The pain might increase and
decrease but on most occasions will not go away
completely.
• Swelling of the scrotum
• One testicle may appear higher than the other
• Pain in your belly
• Nausea and vomiting
TREATMENT:
SURGERY
Testicular torsion requires emergency surgery to explore
the scrotum, this usually requires a general anaesthetic. If
the testicle is untwisted and has not been permanently
damaged it may then be fixed on one or both sides.
If the testicle has been twisted for too long and has
permanent damage it will need to be removed with a
procedure called an orchidectomy. Removing the testicle
will not affect your sex life or ability to have children. You
may be able to have a prosthesis fitted later on.
PARCON RAPHAEL JACOB S. PARCON
10 - ST. ALBERT THE GREAT

DISEASES OF MALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
5. PRIAPISM
DESCRIPTION:
An erection that last for four hours or more. This is medically known as
prurism. It frequently causes pain and usually isn't connected to libido. If left
untreated, it could damage the penis permanently.

SYMPTOMS:
An continuous erection is the most common indication of priapism. If an
erection lasted longer than a few hours.

TREATMENT:
Many cases recover on their own with repeated ejaculations or through
exercise, like taking a quick walk. But if none of these approaches resolve the
issue, a physician may attempt other approaches.

For instance, a needle may be used to extract blood from your penis. Another
medicine that acts as a reversal agent may be administered into the penis if
this approach proves ineffective. In rare instances, surgery can be needed to
prevent long-term damage to the penis's tissues.

DISEASES OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
1.PCOS
Polycystic ovary syndrome happens when a woman’s ovaries or
adrenal glands produce more male hormones than normal. One
result is that cysts (fluid-filled sacs) develop on the ovaries.
Women who are obese are more likely to have PCOS. Women
with PCOS are at increased risk of developing diabetes and heart
disease.

SYMPTOMS:
-Infertility.
-Pelvic pain.
-Excess hair growth on the face, chest, stomach, thumbs, or toes.
-Baldness or thinning hair.
-Acne, oily skin, or dandruff.
-Patches of thickened dark brown or black skin.

TREATMENT:
Specific treatment might involve lifestyle changes or
medication. Losing weight may increase the effectiveness of
medications your provider recommends for PCOS, and it can help
with infertility.
PARCON RAPHAEL JACOB S. PARCON
10 - ST. ALBERT THE GREAT

DISEASES OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

2. STD
STDs are infections that you can get from having sex with someone who has
the infection. The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites, and viruses. There
are more than 20 types of STDs.
Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health
problems they cause can be more severe for women.

SYMPTOMS:
-Clear, white, greenish or yellowish vaginal discharge.
-Discharge from the penis.
-Strong vaginal odor.
-Vaginal itching or irritation.
-Itching or irritation inside the penis.
-Pain during sexual intercourse.
-Painful urination.

TREATMENT:
Your health care provider can treat it with antibiotics or other medicines. If
you have an STD caused by a virus, there is no cure, but antiviral medication
can help control symptoms. Sometimes medicines can keep the disease under
control.

3. UTERINE FIBROIDS
Uterine fibroids are the most common noncancerous tumors in women of
childbearing age. Fibroids are made of muscle cells and other tissues that
grow in and around the wall of the uterus, or womb.

SYMPTOMS:
-Heavy or painful periods or bleeding between periods.
-Feeling “full” in the lower abdomen.
-Urinating often.
-Pain during sex.
-Lower back pain.
-Reproductive problems, such as infertility, multiple miscarriages, or early
labor.

TREATMENT:
-Hormone medications, which shrink the fibroid
-A hormone-releasing device placed in the womb
-Uterine artery embolisation, which shrinks the fibroid
-High-intensity focused ultrasound waves to destroy the fibroid
-Removal of some or all of the womb (hysterectomy)
PARCON RAPHAEL JACOB S. PARCON
10 - ST. ALBERT THE GREAT

DISEASES OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
4. ENDOMETRIOSIS
Endometriosis is a problem affecting a woman’s uterus—the place where a
baby grows when a woman is pregnant. Endometriosis is when the kind of
tissue that normally lines the uterus grows somewhere else. It can grow on the
ovaries, behind the uterus, on the bowels, or on the bladder.

SYMPTOMS:
-Pain
-Infertility
-Very heavy periods.
The pain is usually in the abdomen, lower back, or pelvic areas. Some women
have no symptoms at all, and having trouble getting pregnant may be the
first sign they have endometriosis.

TREATMENT:
-Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
-Hormonal medicines
-Fertility medicines and procedures
-Surgery

5. GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER
Gynecologic cancer is a cancer that starts in a woman’s
reproductive organs. Gynecologic cancers begin in different
places within a woman’s pelvis, which is the area below the
stomach and in between the hip bones.

SYMPTOMS:
-Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
-Feeling full too quickly or difficulty eating
-Pelvic pain or pressure
-More frequent or urgent need to urinate and/or constipation
-Itching, burning, pain, or tenderness of the vulva

TREATMENT:
-Surgery
-Chemotherapy
-Radiation