6661:L-280 SVS ICS 13.300; 75.200 SABS ISBN 0-626-12322-4 087-1:1999 Third edition TH AFR AIP IN Code of practice The handling, storage, and distribution of liquefied petroleum gas in domestic, commercial, and industrial installations Part 1: Liquefied petroleum gas installations involving gas storage containers of individual water capacity not exceeding 500? anda combined water capacity not exceeding 3 000 0 per installation Published by THE SOUTH AFRICAN BUREAU OF STANDARDS Gr 13ICS 43.300; 75.200 SABS 087-1:1999 SOUTH AFRICAN BUREAU OF STANDARDS CODE OF PRACTICE THE HANDLING, STORAGE, AND DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS IN DOMESTIC, COMMERCIAL, AND INDUSTRIAL INSTALLATIONS PART 1: LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS INSTALLATIONS INVOLVING GAS STORAGE CONTAINERS OF INDIVIDUAL WATER CAPACITY NOT EXCEEDING 500 ¢ AND A COMBINED WATER CAPACITY NOT EXCEEDING 3 000 ( PER INSTALLATION Obtainable from the South African Bureau of Standards Private Bag X191 Pretoria Republic of South Africa 0001 Telegrams : Comparator, Pretoria Telex: 324308SA Fax (012) 344-1568 COPYRIGHT RESERVED Printed in the Republic of South Africa by the South African Bureau of StandardsSABS 087~ Notice This part of SABS 087 was approved according to SABS procedures on 10 December 1999. NoTEs 1 In terms of the Standards Act, 1983 (Act 29 of 1993), no person shall claim or declare that he or any other person complied with an SABS standard unless 2) such claim or declaration is true and accurate in all material respects, and ») the idéntity ofthe person on whose authority such claim or declaration is made, is clear. 2 Its recommended that authorties who wish to incorporate any part of this standard into any legislation in the manner intended by section 31 of the Act consult the SABS regarding the implications. This part of SABS 087 will be revised when necessary in order to keep abreast of progress. Comment will be welcome and will be considered when this part of SABS 087 is revised. Foreword This js the third edition of SABS 087-1. It has been revised under a new title and, apart from the Substitution of metric values for non-mettic units, it has been amplified and updated to bring it into line with current practice (particularly by the inclusion of recommendations for multiple-container systems) This part of SABS 087 represents a minimum standard of good practice and therefore takes the form of recommendations. Compliance with it does not confer immunity from relevant legal requirements (including municipal and other by-laws), and the authority having jurisdiction, i.e. the approving authority (see 3.2) should be approached in circumstances where mandatory requirements. are applicable. Should anything in this part of SABS 087 conflict with the provisions of Government, Provincial or Municipal Regulations, the Government, Provincial, or Municipal Regulations shall take precedence This third edition cancels and replaces SABS 087-1:1975. Annexes A to H are for information only. ‘Annexes J and K form an integral part of this part of SABS 087. ISBN 0-626-12322-4SABS 087-1:1999 Contents Page Notice ii Foreword: EEErCn as ele weil Committee . 7 iv 1 Scope 4 2. Normative references areeee : 1 3. Definitions ah 2 4 Properties of LP gas, precautions to be observed and containers... . 3 5 Appliances : 8 6 Piping, fittings and other components Seabees} 7 Inspection, festing and instructions to users... = ee eeAT| 8 Ongoing inspection and repair ........ 6. . r : 19 Annexes A Gas container manifolds and supply systems an 25 B Determination of pipe sizes in low pressure stage .........6+- 33 € Relationship between volume and mass of LP gas... . ar D Testing of the iow pressure stage (as a whole) of an installation by U gauge 38 E Testing of the high pressure stage of an installation... : : 40 F Testing the system performance of low pressure regulators ....... 4 G Determination of adequacy of ges supply pee 42 H Testing the adjustment of burners a 43 J In-situ container filling requirements taatbee 44 K Piping design and fabrication of pipe systems for liquefied petroleum gas installations in critical locations Foe A 45 Bibliography 52Committee At the time of approval of this part of SABS 087 by SABS SC 5120.19A: Li composition of the subcommittee was as follows: SABS Advisory Fire Management Council Department of Labour Department of Public Works Fire Brigade Board Fire Fighting Equipment Traders Association Fire Protection Association of Southern Africa Light Engineering Association of South Africa National Occupational Satety Association Pressure Vessel Manufacturers’ Association South African Co-ordinating Consumer Council South African rire Services Institute ‘South African Gas Industry's Technical Committee Specialist Environmental Consultant The Housewive's League of SA The Liquefied Petroleum Gas Safety Association of Southern Attica Distributor Division : Hardware Division Producers Division iquefied petroleum gas, the EB Hulley (Chairman) WAC Geyer (Project leader) HH Cronje (Committee administrator) Ju Pienaar L Kioppenborg J van Straaten NJ Swanepoel RC Coningham DG Farrell RGevers HC van der Watt H Ruff GH Fulton J Breytenbach B Little B Hamman LW Morris CV Bain A Smith R Claassens H OrehisonSABS 087-1:1999 Working group This part of SABS 087 was prepared by the following members of Working Group § of Technical Committee 5120.19: MAlterbury Boksburg Fire Department CV Bain : LP Gas Association of SA D Bawden 1 : Consultant (Aftox) R Claassens Bee see. Adceng Gas Equipment DJ Clark : Afox Limited Hu de Bruyn . 7" Noord-Transvaalse Kobperasie Bpk DR Dennis .... ale F Easigas (Pty) Ltd GF Engelbrecht .. : ‘Sasol Synthetic Fuels (Ply) Ltd R Gevers . : Cadac WAC Geyer , : SABS. B Hetherington : Gas Control Equipment (Pty) Lid EB Hulley : a SABS Ad Keith : : Airox Limited LKloppenborg .....- eee Department of Labour Ale Roux : co secse Alrox Limited MF Maritz ...... eect : cece SABS A McKenzie : ses Aftox Limited G Oelofse . che + Affox Limited JD Paterson Saaeerce Paterson John D (Pty) Lid B Potgieter : : Pretoria Fire Department K Redpath .. cele Peel Cadac KP Rohissen . Gas Safely international (Pty) Ltd J Sommer ‘Adceng Gas Equipment SASteven .... PE feel BP Southern Africa (Pty) Lid F Stonlake Johannesburg Metro Emergency Services RT Vogt ate : -. SABS MW Wessels tales LP-CoSABS 087-1:1999 Blank page viCODE OF PRACTICE SABS 087-1:1999 The handling, storage, and distribution of liquefied petroleum gas in domestic, commercial, and industrial installations Part 4: Liquefied petroleum gas installations involving gas storage containers of individual water capacity not exceeding 500 ¢ and a combined water capacity not exceeding 3 000 ¢ per installation 1 Scope 4.1 This part of the standard gives recommendations for the materials, the methods of construction ‘and the installation of equipment used in the handling, storage or distribution of iquefied petroleum gas in domestic, commercial and industrial installations that involve gas storage containers of individual water capacity not exceeding 500 @ and of a combined water capacity not exceeding 3 000 4.2 Italso gives recommendations regarding the installation of appliances, piping, fittings and other components. 4.3 It covers the maintenance, inspection and testing of the various components of the equipment. 4.4 It does not cover any installation related to caravans or mobile homes. 2 Normative references “The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard, All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to a standard is deemed to be @ reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid nationl and international standards can be obtained from the South African Bureau of Standards. BS 1800, Specification for dimensions of stee! pipe for the petroleum industry. BS 3212, Flexible rubber tubing, rubber hose and rubber hose assemblies for use in LPG vapour phase and LPGlair installations, BS 4089, Specification for hoses and hose assemblies for liquefied petroleum gas.SABS 087- 999 BS 6292, Specification for jointing materials and compounds for installations using water, low-pressure steam or tst, 2nd and 3rd family gases. SABS 019, Portable metal containers for compressed gases — Basic design criteria, use and maintenance. SABS 086-1, The installation, inspection and maintenance of equipment used in explosive atmospheres ~ Part 1: Installations other than in mines. SABS 0400, The application of the National Building Regulations. SABS 24, Soft solders. SABS 62, Steel pipes. SABS 447, Domestic cooking appliances for use with gas fuels. ‘SABS 460, Copper tubes for domestic plumbing services. SABS 533-2, Black polyethylene pipes for the conveyance of liquids ~ Part 2: High-density black polyethylene pressure pipes. SABS 810, Portable rechargeable fire extinguishers — Dry powder type extinguishers. SABS 974-1, Rubber joint rings ~ Part 1: Joint rings for use in water, sewer and drainage systems. ‘SABS 1067-2, Copper-based fittings for copper tubes —Part 2: Capillary solder fittings. SABS 1123, Steel pipe flanges. SABS 1156-2, Rubber hose for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) ~ Part 2: Hose and tubing for use in LPG vapour phase and LPG-air installations. SABS 1237, Single-stage low-pressure regulators for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) SABS 1539, Appliances operating on liquefied petroleum gas ~ Safety aspects. SABS 1774, Liquefied petroleum gases. For the purposes of this part of SABS 087, the following definitions apply: 3.1 approved: Approved by the approving authority 3.2 approving authority: The appropriate of the following: 3.2.1 within the scope of the Trade Metrology Act, 1973 (Act No. 77 of 1873) and in respect of the control of the mass of gas sold: The Director of Trade Metrology; 3.2.2 within the scope of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No. 85 of 1993) and in respect of the control of general safety: The Chief Inspector, and 3.2.3 within the scope of the Building Regulations (SABS 0400) and in respect of the evaluation and ‘control of installations in accordance with this part of the standard: The Local Authority in whose area of jurisdiction the installaton is installed. 2SABS 087-1:1999 3.3 container: A container that complies with SABS 019 and that is approved for the storage and Conveyance of liquefied petroleum gas and of individual water capacity not exceeding 500 f. 3.4 critical location: An area which is not ventiated for the dispersal of LP gas. 3.5 'stallation: The combination of one or more containers connected onto one manifold system, 3.6 liquefied petroleum gas (LP gas): A mixture of light hydro carbons (predominantly propane, ropene, butane and butene) that is gaseous under conditions of ambient temperature and pressure, and that is maintained in the liquid state by an increase of pressure or a lowering of temperature (see also SABS 1774) 3.7 location: The position in which a container is kept or installed 3.8 operating pressures 3.8.1 high pressure: A pressure in excess of 150 kPa, 3.8.2 intermediate pressure: A pressure in excess of 5 kPa but not exceeding 150 kPa. 3.8.3 low pressure: A pressure not in excess of 5 kPa, 3.9 pressure regulator: A device that reduces the pressure of the gas from a higher pressure to a constant lower pressure. 3.10 registered installer: An installer approved and registered by the South African Qualification and Certification Committee (Liquified Petroleum Gas Institute) (SAQCC (LPG) 4 Properties of LP gas, precautions to be observed and containers 4.1 Introduction Careful consideration has to be given to the properties of the gas when the location of LP gas Containers and the construction of installations for conveying this ges in domestic dwellings and Commercial buildings are decided on. It is therefore imperative that all persons concerned with the installation of containers and appliances are qualified in this respect and are familiar with the following Characteristics of the gas and the precautions to be observed! a) the gases are stored as liquids under pressure; ») leakage, especially of liquid, will release large volumes of highly flammable gases; ©) a gas-air mixture containing approximately 1,5 % to 10 % by volume of LP gas is flammable. Ifa large enough volume of gas is so dispersed in the atmosphere as to reach flammable proportions throughout, ignition of the mixture will result in a rate of combustion of near-explosive force; 4) LP gas is denser than air and will flow along the ground and through drains, and can be ignited at ‘a considerable distance from the source of leakage; low level ventilation of buildings is, therefore, of utmost importance; ©) LP gas is non-toxic but, as it can induce headaches and dizziness when inhaled, inhaling the gas should be avoided whenever possible;SABS 087-1:1999 #) LP gas can, by its rapid vaporization and consequent lowering of the temperature, cause severe ‘cold burns when in contact with the skin. Protective clothing, such as gloves, goggles, aprons, and ‘gumboots should be worn when there is any possibilty of skin contact; NOTE ~ Because of the hazard of the generation of static electricity, the soles of gumboots should be of leather or ‘conductive rubber, and clothing should not be made of fabrics that contain artificial fibres. 9) @ container that has held LP gas and is "empty" is dangerous. In this state the internal pressure is approximately atmospheric and, if the valve leaks or is left open, air can diffuse into the container and form a flammable or explosive mixture. Further, an "empty" container that does not yiold gas when the valve is opened might in fact not be quite empty. In cold weather the heavier fractions of the liquid might not vaporize and will remain in the container. All containers that are (or appear to be) ematy should be handled with the same care as used for a full container and valves should be kept fully closed at all times when containers are not in use; h) because of the hazards involved with the filing of containers, no one should fill a container with gas Unless (refer to requirements given in SABS 019) 1) he is fully conversant with the relevant subsections of this part of SABS 087, 2) he is satisfied thet the container complies with the requirements of an approved manufacturing specification or the provisions of an approved manufacturing code (if necessary, this may be , 88certained from the relevant container documents), 3) he employs staff trained and experienced in the pre-filing inspection and actual filing of containers with those gases that he handles, and 4) the container is not due for periodic inspection or testing; and ') Permission to fil the container has been granted by the owner of the container. NOTE — This precaution is solely for safety reasons, since the cylinder containment history isin certain instances an ‘essential reference for correc filing. Itis nol intended 2s @ commercial restraint. 4.2 Number and size of containers 4.2.1 General The number and the size of containers recommended for an LP gas installation depend on the maximum hourly consumption of the appliances served and the lowest ambient temperature expected When an installation is designed, care should be taken to guard against possible failure of the gas supply due to vaporization problems. When used for short periods, a container will generally give a copious gas supply. If, however, this supply has to be maintained over a long period, the discharge of gas diminishes slowly unti it reaches a state of equilibrium with the vaporization rate of the LP gas in the container. This vaporization rate, in tum, depends on the size of the container, the amount of LP gas remaining in the container, and the ambient temperature (see annex G). One supply container and one reserve container are quite adequate for ordinary installations in Permanent dwellings. However, there are larger installations that require more gas, and the maximum gas off-take for these installations and the number of containers required can be calculated from tables 1 and 2. 4.2.2 Calculation of container details 42.2.1 Table 1 gives the approximate vaporization rates of the larger containers currently available. 4SABS 087- 1999 Table 1 — Vaporization rates for containers 1 2 Nominal size of container | Approximate vaporization rates Water | Nominal mass capacity of gas wm gh ¢ kg 22 9 100 230 34 131014 140 320 45 19 200 460 113 48 400 920 454 198 1.000 2300 NOTE —For the convenience of users ofthis part of SABS 087, the LP ]gas mass capacity equivalents for the various container sizes are also| Given in tables 1 and 2. It must, however, be stressed thal these are only nominal equivalents and that the exact mass equivalents will depend an| the aciual density of the product filled into the containers. 4.2.2.2 Table 2 gives, in terms of three of the more popular domestic-type container sizes, the approximate container requirements of some typical appliances, based on their gas consumption per hour and the vaporization rates for the containers. Use of this approach facilitates calculation of the containers required for a specific installation Table 2— Container requirements of typical appliances 7 2 314 5 ‘Approximate number of ‘containers required Approximate Appliance Capacity of container cue Ziltres | 45 lies | 119 ltros (oko) | C9ko) | (48ko) “ Gas stove, normal domestic 750 | 06s | 032 | 2000 Gas stove, arge domestic 225 | 100 | 050 | 63000 Hotplate (2 burner) 1,00 0,25 012 16 000 Instantaneous waterheater, mutipoint | 460 | 200 | 100 | 74000 Instantaneous waterheater,singlepoit | 200 | oe | o42 | s7o00 Gas ight o10 | oo | 002 2.000 Gas iron 020 os | 004 3000 Rotigerator 010 | 004 | oe 2000 space heater, large, with Nue 100 | o4o | 020 | 20000 Space healer, small, portable type oao | one | 008 5.000 4.2.2.3 The tolal requirements of an installation are obtained from the sum of the requirements of the individual appliances comprising the installation. For an installation consisting of a normal-sized stove, an instantaneous single-point water heater, a refrigerator, and eight gas lights, the container requirements are as follows:11999 Number of containers required Appliance 2iitres | 45 titres | 113 litres: (oka) | aka) | 48 ko) (Gas stave, normal domestic v0 | 065 Instantaneous water healer, single-point | 2.00 | 0.84 Refrigerator o10 | 004 | 002 Gas tights (8 value given in table 2) oo | os2 | 0.16 froraL, ao [185 [| _092 Any of the following would, therefore, be adequate 1) five 22 ¢ (9 kg) containers coupled in parallel, or 2) two 45 # (19 kg) containers coupled in parallel; or 38) one 113 0 (48 kg) container. The best arrangement would be one 113 { (48 kg) container, with a second one in reserve. NOTES 4 thas been found in practice thatthe approximations given in table 2 for 46 & (19 kg) containers can usualy also be used for 34 € (13/14 kg) containers. 2 The container requirements given in table 2 may be scaled down if tis unlikely that all appliances wil be usec Simultaneously for long periods of time 3 Table 2 is based on results that are typical for eold-winter conditions in South Affica; in warmer conditions the Tequirements will be less. With experience, a registered installer will leam how the figures can be modified to suit local conditions. 4.3 Container location 4.3.1 General 4.3.4.4. The installation of a container (or containers) complete with all associated equipment and appliances and any subsequent repair or modifications to the installation, should be carried out by registered installer. NOTE ~ This recommendation does not include the installation of replacement containers. 4.3.1.2 Each container should be located in an upright position with the valve uppermost, and should be so placed on a firm level base that there can be no danger of the container tilting or falling over. 4.3.1.3. Conlainers should be so located in an accessible position that a) full and empty containers can be changed easily, ») they can be disconnected and removed quickly in case of an emergency, and ¢) the container valve can be easily operated. 6SABS 087-1:1999 4.3.1.4 It is essential that in the selection of the location for containers, the following locations be avoided: ) any position in which the containers are likely to cause obstruction, to become damaged or to be exposed to conditions likely to affect their safety; ») any position that is subject to extremes of temperature (excluding natural elements): ©) near to corrosive or readily combustible substances; and 4) positions adjacent to cellars, drains, hollows, etc., where escaping gas might collect. 4.3.2 Indoor location 4.3.2.1 Where LP gas containers are permanently installed in a building, the type of building and the corresponding size of container(s) shall be as follows: a) flats: a maximum of 9 kg per flat; ») houses or commercial premises: a total maximum of 19 kg; and , ©) industrial premises: @ maximum of 19 kg per 600 m® of building space with a total maximum of 100 kg. NOTES 1. The above does not include portable appliances. 2 Nomore than one standby container (of similar size) per installation should be located in the building, 4.3.22 Containers should never be located below ground-level in a building e.g. in cellars or basements. 4.3.23 Containers should not be located above or on top of any appliance used for cooking or heating. 4.3.2.4 Containers should be located in a place with adequate floor-level ventilation to the outside air. (An air brick situated near the bottom of an external wall or a normal gap of at least 6 mm underneath an external door (or a combination of these) usually provides sufficient ventilation (see figure 1).) 4.3.2.5 Containers should also be located at a distance of at least 300 mm away from a gas stove (see figure 1) unless the container is protected from the heat of the stove in an approved manner. 4.3.2.6 Containers should be located at least 2 m away from any coal stove, except that this distance can be reduced to 1m if a non-combustible insulating guard is fitted between the container and the stove (see figure 2). 4.3.2.7 Containers should not be manifolded. 4.3.2.8 The relative positions shown in figures 1 and 2 should be strictly observed. 4.3.3 Outdoor location (see figures 3, 4, 5 and 6) 4.3.3.1 Containers should be located on a firm, clean, well drained and level base . The area ‘surrounding a container should be kept clear of combustible materials, for example weeds, dry grass, Paper and waste. The containers should be located and protected against tampering by unauthorized persons and also damage and interference by for example, animals and vehicles.SABS 087-1:1999 4.3.3.2 Containers should be at least 8) |. m away from any opening (nto a building) thatis below the level ofthe container vaive, ie, doors, windows and air bricks, b) 2 m away from any drain, pit or manhole, €0)3 m away from the property bounda unless the boundary has a firewall in which case the ( Pp ry ry Containers could be next tothe fre wal (see figures 5 and 6), and ©) 3m away from any opening (or window) directly above the containers except if a non-combustible ‘oof is installed between the containers and the opening (or window) (see also figure 5). 4.3.3.3 Where more than two containers are used in an installation, the containers should be eoethaeG into a manifold system which could comprise one manifold or 2 duplicate manifold joined ‘ogether by means of a change-over valve (see annex A and figure 4), 4.3.3.4 The containers should be connected to the manifold system in the following manner and Subject to the safety distances given in 4.3: 2) on each arm, up to five containers of size up to and including 113 0 (48 kg); or ) on each arm, up to ten containers of size up to and including 113 0 (48 kg); or ©) on each arm, up to three containers of size up to and including 500 # (196 kg). 4.4 Safety distances (see also figure 6) shell of any one container in an installation and the shell of any one paryainer in another instalation should be at leat 7.5m which, if there is a fre wall between them, can be measured around the wall. 4.4.3 The distance between rows of containers in one installation ‘should be at least 1m. 4.4.4 The distance between any LP gas container and, when relevant, any other type of compressed 98s container should be at least 3 m, 5 Appliances 5.1 General Appliances should comply with the requirements ofthe following (or equivalent) standards: 2) all appliances: SABS 1539 (Tor domestic cooking appliances see also SABS 447); and ®) where two or more containers have to be joined for parallel operation, the connection should be done by means of an approved manifold, NOTE ~The recommendations for an approved manifold are given in annex A 8SABS 087-1:1999 5.2 Installation of appliances 5.2.1 Fixed appliances should be installed by a registered installer. When sitingan appliance, due regard should be paid to convenience in use, to protection from draughts and éamage, and to the fayout of the gas piping system. Pipe runs should be as neal, tidy and as short aspossible. Pressure regulalors’should be of an approved type. Low pressure regulators should compy with SABS 1237. 5.2.2 Appliances should be installed on a firm and level base (this is specially irsportant in the case of rettigerators which require checking with a spirit level during installation). A tatle or shelf used as & Suppor for an appliance should be large enough to accommodate the appliarce and, unless the Support has edges that are flanged upwards, provide margins that are wide enough to preven! the ‘Appliance from slipping off the support. All appliance supports (including floors, walls and ceilings) should be strong enough to carry the appliance(s) and all superimposed loads. 5.2.3 Appliances should be connected to the pipework of an installation in a way that will eliminate undue strain on the pipework and filings and, i rigid connections are used, the appliances should also be so rigidly fixed that they are not capabie of being moved after their installaion. If an appliance needs to be moved for cleaning, etc., it should be connected to the pipe work by means of flexible tubing or hose. To prevent the hose or tubing from being ruptured or torn from its mountings, the appliance should have a restraining mechanism of a length that is shorter than the hose or tube Tubing and hoses should comply with the appropriate requirements given in SABS 1539. 5.2.4 Appliances should be installed in a position that provides shelter from draughts that are strong enough to extinguish the burners when they are set on "low' flame. 5.2.5 Appliances should not be installed in small, confined spaces that are poorly ventilated. Gas burners require an unrestricted supply of fresh air and when a cooking appliance is being builtin, ‘ensure that the supply of fresh air for combustion is not impeded. Provision should be made for any ‘accidental accurnulations of unburnt gas to disperse safely, and also for the free escape of burnt gas. 5.2.6 In any bathroom in which a conventional gas water heater (geyser) is installed, the heater should be flued to the outside and provision should be made to ensure permanent and adequate ventilation NOTE — Itis essential that the manufacturer's operating instructions be observed (see 7.2). 5.2.7 Appliances should be so sited in a room that there is no danger that they could set fire to fumishings (for example, a gas stove should not be positioned immediately below a combustible shelf or in-a position where curtains could be near its cooking top). 5.2.8 Where combustible or ignitable material near an appliance is liable to attain ignition temperature of to be exposed to heat damage, provision should be made to protect such material. The material can be protected by so mounting a sheet of metal or other non-combustible material between the appliance and the combustible material as to provide a ventilated air space, of width at least 15 mm. Where inset construction of kitchen equipment is used, the surfaces of adjacent structures in contact with an ‘appliance should be of materials that will not deteriorate at temperatures up to 150 °C. 5.2.9 If several appliances are connected to a system, those with the highest rate of gas consumption Should be placed nearest to the gas supply point. Alternatively, the supply point should be brought as close as possible to the high-intake appliance(s). 5.2.10 A.water heater should be placed conveniently close to the sink or bath that it serves and, to minimize loss of heat, the run of hot-water piping should be kept as short as possible. 5.2.11 Hotplates that are open underneath should not be placed on any combustible surface; alternatively, a combustible surface should be protected from the heat of the burners. 5.2.42 Lighting appliances should not be installed in positions likely to cause overheating of walls and Ceilings, and suitable deflector plates should be used where necessary. 9SABS 087-1:1999 5.3 Provision for ventilation installation brochures supplied with the appliance 6 Piping, fittings and other components 6.1 General 6.1.1 Materials 61.4.4 The following pipes and fitings are recommended for general use in installations: ®) solid drawn copper tube with copper or copper alloy fittings; ©) ungalvanized seamless mild stool tube with mild steel fittings; ©) brass fitings that are protected against seasonal cracking; 4) high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes and fitings (only to be used for gas in the vapour phase and where the pipes are buried): and €) flexible tubing and hose. Copper tubes (Class | tubing or better). SABS 460 (Phosphorus deoxided copper Cu-DHP) Copper-based fittings SABS 1067-2 Rubber hose (braided) type 1 BS 4089 Flexible rubber tubing or hose BS 3212/SABS 1156-2 Jointing materials and compounds BS 5292 Low pressure regulators SABS 1237 Steel pipes and wrought steel fittings HOPE pipes and fittings class 10 min. Steel flanges 6.1.2 Shut-off valves ‘SABS 62; BS 1600 (seamless only) SABS 533-2 SABS 1123 Shut-off valves are intended for shutting-off the 928 supply to (or in) a gas supply line. The shut-off valves shall be of an 10 LP gas compatible type complying with an approved standard,