SABS 087-1:1999 6.2 Fixed pipe system 6. The high pressure stage of any installation served by one or more containers of capacity greater than 45 0 (19 kg) should be outside a building. In all cases, an isolating valve or cock (other than the container valve) should be situated inside the building (see figure 3). 1 High pressure stage Ifa pressure regulator is fited in the pipe system, it should be installed outside the building. In the case of a manifolded mull-container system, each bank of service and reserve containers should be connected, via a change-over device and a regulator. Change-over devices and regulators should be 0 Supported as to ensure that they cannot be damaged when containers are disconnected, e.g. when ‘containers are being changed. Individual containers in the system should be connected to the manifold by means of flexible tubing or hose fitted with threaded metallic connectors. (This is to allow for movement when containers are being changed and to permit one container to be removed without shutting down the whole system.) The length of the high pressure stage between individual containers in the manifold system should not exceed 1 m (see figure 4), 6.2.2 Intermediate pressure stage An intermediate pressure stage is normally required where gas draw-off points in an installation are a considerable distance (usually over 9 m) from the container position and the gas demand is heavy The pressure regulator at the container position is set to deliver at a pressure higher than the appliance operating pressure, and a secondary pressure regulator is fitted between the primary pressure regulator and the gas draw-off points [NOTE — Whenever an intermediate pressure siage is required in an installation, the LP gas distributor or marketer should be consulted regarding special pressure regulators and pipe sizes. 6.2.3 Low pressure stage The size of a pipe system should be determined by the maximum gas consumption rate of the appliance(s) to be connected (due regard being given to any potential simultaneous demand) and should be large enough to carry the maximum gas flow without excessive pressure loss in the line. Annex B gives typical sizes of connecting pipes to be connected to individual appliances, 6.2.4 Installation and layout of pipework 6.2.4.1 General 6.2.4.1.1 The following recommendations should be considered and applied in addition to any similar specific details that might be introduced by the installer. In cases where electrical connections are situated within 5 m of @ point of discharge, cognisance should also be taken of the fiame-proofing requirements given in SABS 086. The pipe layout should be indicated on an approved pian that includes the following a) HDPE pipes can be used for the conveyance of LP gas vapour only and shall be buried, b) schedule 80 steel pipes can, for sizes up to and including 32 mm, be screwed: and ¢) schedule 40 steel pipes, together with all attached components and fitings, shall be joined only by welding NOTE ~ When screwed connections are used, only taper threads (male and female) shall be allowed 4SABS 087-1:1999 FizA12 Take care not to damage or weaken a bullding structure during the instalation of gas pipework 6.2.4.5 In buildings that have wooden floors Fe tala pe Oot boards supported on joists and in aaich the piping is installed before the boosie are laid, the pipes should run between ara Parallel to the joists and should be provided with By iecPorts (the usual method of securing the ies to the fide of a joist with clips is recommended) Wea. ‘fis is Not possible, they can be laid acrose the joists theretGhes, Provided that the depth of the notches (Coes not exceed one-ifth of the depth of a joist and Suid on pipe fitings should be cleaned out bolo assembly. During the installation stage, care Should be taken to ensure that the bore of oe beg festticted by the entry of any material Winks Pipe iting sin progress, all open pipe ends stoi ve ‘emporarily capped or plugged (with a screwed plug or a cap specifically designed for ihe putPese) Pending extension to completion. The vec ot ‘wooden and similar plugs is strictly forbidden. £.24.1.7 Emphasis placed on the need to avoid tference with other installed services, to provide feapenable 20c88s for inspection, and to obviate the posure of the pipes to abnormally high or low ae betalures. When piping has fo be laid in poten ‘where abnormally iow temperatures can cecum the piping should be lagged, 6.2.4.2 Buried pipelines ‘manner, 6.2.4.3 Concealed pipework wing ges stallion is required in a buleng tht has fors Of concrete or other solid material, Pans should indicate one ofthe flowing conceste ) ducts of approved depth; or 6) sleeves; or ) fully embedded pipes, £2432 Sleeves should be straight, without ots and of length not exceeding 6 m. Pipes laid in Sleeves should be at least schedule 40 pipes slot all joints should be welded. 5243.3 When pipes are embedded in concrete ) they should be stee! of at least schedule 80, ») they should be placed 50 mm below the top of the concrete, 12SABS 087-1: 999 ¢) all joints should be welded, and 4d) their outside surfaces should be protected against corrosion in an approved manner. 6.2.4.3.4 Ifa system of ducts is used, ventilation to open air should be provided at the lowest point 6.2.4.3.5 Branches in pipe lines should be developed with the use of standard wrought steel pipe fittings, 6.2.4.3.6 Pipes should not pass through the cavity of cavity walls or through lift shafts, flues, ceiling voids or air ducts unless they a) are sleeved in the area of such cavity, lit shaff, flue, ceiling void or air duct, or ) are designed and constructed in accordance with an approved standard applicable to critical locations (see annex J). 6.2.4.3.7 Sleeving should not be capable of venting into a non-ventilated area, 6.2.4.3.8 Gas pipe lines should not be installed in any dedicated emergency route 6.2.4.4 Supports and fixings for pipe work 6.2.4.4.1 Piping should be firmly supported, particular attention being given to the strength and security of hangers and similar supports 6.2.4.4.2 The intervals between supports and fixings should be as given in tables 3 and 4. Table 3 — Intervals between pipe supports for copper pipes: 7 2 3 Maximum interval between pipe Nominal size of pipe supports Vertical runs | Horizontal runs 8 12 08 10 15 09 15 18 1a 20 24 18 Table 4 — Intervals between pipe supports for steel pipes 7 2 3 ‘Maximum interval between pipe Nominal size of pipe supports Vertical rans | Horizontal runs 10 18 12 15 24 18 20 30 24 25 30 24 13SABS 087-1:1999 Pere Ay Subport should be provided within 150 mm of each pipe siting Supports should be creo Clacent to each bend in a pipe. Heavy components installed in the pipekes, (for example regulators, change-over valves, manifolds valves), should be supported independently of the pipeline. £24.4.4 To allow for the use of tools on a joint without damaging the supporting surface, pipework ‘and supports should be so arranged that joints stand clear of the surlace on ehich they are supported, 6.2.4.5 Disconnection and clearing Fe funs need enough suitable connectors or unions to allow the removal or alteration of lengths of Pipe with minimum damage to the structure and surrounding decorations, te offectively purge a Pipeline, appropriate gas bleeding arrangements shell be included in the pipeline 6.2.4.6 Reduction of resistance to flow Goprevent restriction of gas flow, the number of pipe fitings should be kept to a ‘minimum, and sharp Grange of sirection should be avoided. A bend in a pipe should be of radius ot Inet res times the Giameter of the pipe and should be free from kinks. When fitings are used const change of direction, bends are preferred. 6.2.4.7 Ducts and sleeves When pipes pass through sleeves, or apertures in a fire-resistant structure, the space between the pipe and the sleeve or aperture should be filed in solid, with a water-resistant, non-abrasive, fire-resistant, 6.2.4.8 Position of fixed gas supply points 6.2.4.8.1 Each gas supply point should be situated to sult the position of the appliance that it serves, and should allow for convenient coupling to the appliance. Unti the appliances ace connected, each Point should be securely capped or plugged, and so marked as to indidate that iis @ Joe Point. Fe? Ue GAS supply point to a buittin space heater should be as recommended by the manufacturer. 6.2, 3 Each point intended for connection to portable appliance should have a shutoff vane 6.3 Joints, cocks, valves and unions 8.3.1 Al joints, cocks, valves and unions (including the unions on gas light fittings) should be readily pipe syetens, Maintenance and repair and aleints should so be made as fo avoud undue strain ihe, pipe system, 6.3.2 Compression type and capillary type jointing are recommended for Copper piping. Brazed or SiNer soldered joins are also satistaciory. Only soft solder that complies with S19 ard @20 ot SABS 24 should be used for capillary fitings. 6.3.3 Joints in stee! pipes can be made by welding, brazing or screwed connection Welding and brazing should be carried out by a competent welder only, 6.3.4 in the case of screwed connections, both male and female thread should be tapered. Particular RaIE Should be taken to ensure that mating screw threads are of the same type, form bea designation So joint should be made by over-lorquing unmating threads or relying on the jolting ‘compound for sealing, 14SABS 087-1:1999 6.3.5 Only approved jointing material should be used on male threads of scfewed components. Hemp should nat be used. 6.3.6 Washers, gaskets and joint rings used for flanged joints shail be strong, gas-tight, durable and should comply with at least SABS 974. 6.3.7 In installations involving a number of branch lines, each branch fine should have @ shutoff valve to allow its repair without shutting off the whole installation. 6.4 Flexible tubing and hose 6.4.1 Appliances that have to be moved for cleaning should be connected to the gas system by flexible tubing or hose (see 5.2.3). 6.4.2 Flexible tubing or hose can also be used for simple single container installations in which the container is located indoors and directly connected to one appliance via a regulator. 6.4.3 Where the gas supply is via an outside mounted gas container(s) and metallic supply pipe system, and flexible tubing or hose is used to connect an appliance to a pipe system. a valve or cock should be 60 installed (in a suitable position inside the building) that the gas supply can be turned off immediately ifthe flexible tube should fail 6.4.4 The length of a flexible tube or hose should not exceed 2 m, and flexible piping should not extend from one room to another or pass through any wall, partition, ceiling, window or floor 6.4.5 Flexible tubing and hose should be installed away from any position of mechanical damage and ina position where it can be inspected at appropriate intervals (see 8.1). 6.4.6 Only approved types of nozzles (see SABS 1237) shall be used as end-connections. The ends of the tubes or hoses should fit tightly over the inlet part of the nozzle. In the case of medium and high pressure hose, the hose should be clamped in position on the nozzle with a hose clip. In low pressure Systems where permanent connections are made, the clamping of the hose is recommended, 6.4.7 Flexible tubing and hose should not be exposed to heat in excess of 50 °C. Particular care should be taken when connecting a gas stove or a hotplate to ensure that the run of tubing or hose is kept well below the level ofthe open burners. The tubing or hose should also be kept well clear of the ven vent and should not be taken around the back of the stove or flue outlet 6.4.8 Each connecting tube or hose should be in one piece and should supply only one appliance, i.e. there should be no joints or T-junctions along its length 6.5 Provision of flues 6.5.1 The provision of flues on appliances is dealt with in the appropriate sections of SABS 1539 and flues should be installed in accordance with the given requirements, 6.5.2. A space heater should be flued to the outside air when a) the output rating of the heater exceeds 16 000 kJ/h, and b) the ratio of the input rating of the appliance to the volume of the room exceeds 365 kun per cubic metre of free room space. 15SABS 087-1:1999 6.5.3 Except as alowed in torms of 6.5.5, all appliances other than space heaters should be flued to ti Cuside air when the ratio of the total input rating ofall the appliances in the ran to the volume. of that room exceeds 1 000 kth per cubic metre of free room space. WARNING: If instantancous water heaters (geysers) are fitted in bathrooms, adequate and orrrancnt ventilation is of the utmost importance because of the high ges consumption rate ‘ance, the small size of normal bathrooms, and the tendency of most users ig keep air entry into a bathroom to a minimum, 6.54 | two or more appliances that are notin the categories described in 6.5.2 and 6.5.3 are located in the same room, one or more shall, if applicable, be so flued as to ensure thal the cage given in 6.5.3 is not exceeded, Haman dations of 6.6.3 and 6.5.4 if they are to be used at maximum rating for chert Periods only, However Kitchens where they are installed should be adequately ventilated by the sec opr least one air brick (in an external wall) that has a ventilating area of at least 160 cm? 6.8.6 Unfued appliances should be provided with 6,5 cm? of ventilation per 1 000 kth input, divided Saul etwoen the floor and the ceiling. This ventilation is adaltional to that requted for occupants ar or alner oxygen-consuming appliances. When a room is partivnges “ho venting recommendations apply to each compartment. 8.5.7 Appliances that have a high rate of gas consumption or that operate for Jong periods should be eaufpped with fue nipes leading to the oulside air (see 5.3). Typical examples of cach appliances are ‘multrpoint and bath-size water heaters, showers and high-output space hosters WARNINGS 1, EP 995 appliances that are burning consume oxygen and in enclosed or restricted spaces, this will cause the depletion of the oxygen content of the available air, 2_ Although the exhaust gases from an LP gas burner (ie. nitrogen, water vapour and carbon slioxide) are clean, colourless and non-toxic, they can cause heavy water condensation inside seat the ne, ventilation is inadequate. Moreover, too much carbon dioxide in the ore might which fe reormance of an LP gas appliance and lead to the formation of carhon rune which is highly toxic. 5 cll appliances that are likely to need a flue have connections for a flue pipe. In most cases the appliance will incorporate a draught diverter, the purpose of which fe ta Prevent down- draughts that might cause the accidental blowing out (extinguishing) of the burner fiames. 8.3.8 A fue or vent connector should not be connected to a chimney leading from a fireplace unless ie Bottom of the chimney is permanently sealed. Where a fue pipe is extended inte an existing sealed chimney, care should be taken to ensure that the end of the flue pipe doce not protrude into the umey space and that the chimney fs free from soot, etc. Brick and masonty chimneys should be so treated as to obviate condensation problems, 6.5.9 A fue should be clear ofall obstructions thal might impede the flow of exhaust gases, and the Agee Sectional area of the flue should nowhere be fess than that of the flue collar en wre appliance. A flue pipe should not enter into a draught diverter far enough to cause an soctrcen 8.5.10 Dampers, and an excessive number of bends or sueien changes inthe size and shape ofthe cross-section of flues should not be allowed. 6.5.11 Where two or more appliances are vented into a common flue, the individual fue pipes should be Jpined by ¥ pieces situated at the greatest practicable height above the appliances es cross- cera ey area of the common fue pipe should be at least equal to the combined area wren flue collars on the individual appliances. 16SABS 087-1:1999 6.5.12 A fiue pipe should run as near to the vertical as possible throughout its full length. Horizontal runs are not recommended and should be kept to a minimum and as short as possible. Joints in the flue should be so constructed that condensate cannot seep through the joint and out of the flue. 6.5.13 Where horizontal runs cannot be avoided entirely, the horizontal sections should be positioned a far above the appliance as the layout will allow, and their tolal length should not exceed 75% of the total vertical run. The "horizontal" pipes should also rise slighlly towards the flue outlet (enough to ensure that any water that might condense in the fue will drain back towards the appliance). If the use of bends ina flue is unavoidable, a bend of 45° is preferred. Where, however a 90° change in direction is unavoidable, a 90° bend with a radius of at least three times the flue diameter should be used. 6.5.14 The flue outlet should be so positioned as to prevent downdraughts. Frequently this means that the outlet has to be above the highest point on the building, for example approximately 1 m above the roof ridge orn the case of a fiat-oofed building, 1 m above the parapet. The outlet should have 2 rain-proo! terminal or cowl of a type that does not restrict the flue. This cowl should be screened to prevent birds from nesting in it 6.5.15 As over-cooling of flue pipes might cause reduction of draught or heavy condensation inside the pipes (or both}, flues should be run indoors as far as possible and thermally insulated where necessary. If cooling and condensation are likely ta be a problem, a condensate trap should be fitted at a convenient point low down in the flue. 6.5.16 The entire flue installation should be completely fire-resistant. Flue pipes should be so secured thal they stand clear of walls and ceilings, and wherever they pass through a ceiling, sleeves and ceiling plates should be fitted 6.5.17 When a flue pipe system is designed, careful consideration should be given ta the danger of 2 flue causing the over-heating of woodwork or other combustible material in a building. Where necessary, a fire-resistant, Neat-insulating screen should be fixed between the fiue pipe(s) and the Combustible materials to ensure that the surface temperatures of the [alter do not rise above 65 °C. The clearance between any such screen and the flue pipe(s) should be at least 10 mm, 6.5.18 Fiue pipes should be securely fixed and supported and, when possible, should extend through 2 root. Where a flue pipe passes through a roof or an outside wall the junotion should be rendered fully weather-proof and fire-resistant, the materials used to effect this being, in addition, corrosion-resistant. NOTE™Ifitis inconvenient or impossible fora flue pipe to pass through a roa! (i.e. itt has lo be taken through @ wall). 5 vent tile or olher approved wall terminal can be used provided that It's properly positioned. Alternatively, where the faves permit he flue can have a vertical section (riser) that is ftled with a suitable terminal that does not obstruct or reduce the effeciive cross-sectional area of the flue or vent outlet. 7 Inspection, testing and instructions to users 7.1 Inspection and testing of new installation 7.1.1 General On completion, the installation should be inspected, tested and approved by the registered installer Installations are tested in the following sequence a) low pressure silage: b) intermediate pressure stage (when used); and ©) high pressure stage 17SABS 087-1:1999 7.4.2 High pressure stage The valves and high pressure connections should be tested for leaks. A test method applicable toa twin container installation is described in annex E and illustrated in figure E.1 7.1.3 Intermediate pressure stage (when used) An intermediate pressure stage should be tested, with gas or air, at a pressure of 200 kPa for a period Of 18 min, Before this test is carried out, the outlet of the secondary pressure regulator should be closed. 7.1.4 Low pressure stage The complete low pressure system should be tested in accordance with a suitable method (see annex D for one method of testing). The pipe system can be tested separately first, or the installation can be tested as a whole. When the system is purged of air, precautions should be taken to avoid hazardous accumulations of gas. 7.2 Instructions to user The registered installer or authorized company representative should supply the user with a printed instruction sheet or booklet describing the correct and safe handling of the LP gas systems and appliances, and appropriate general emergency procedures. In particular, attention should be drawn to the changing of containers and the risks involved; the action to be taken to disperse accidental accumulation of gas and the action to be taken in case of fre (see also 7.3.12). Also that the so-called "empty" containers can be dangerous and should be kept closed at all times. All the above details should be discussed with the user to ensure that he does fully understand all the. details. His attention should also be drawn to the information and warnings (when relevant) given in the product brochures supplied with the appliance. 7.3 Fire prevention — design, instructions and training 7.3.1 The local fire department should be consulted at an early stage where LPG storage is planned onasite, 7.3.2 The user should be advised regarding approved fire-protection appliances and when to use such appliances. The acquisition and installation of a dry powder fire extinguisher of size at least 4,5 kg and complying with SABS 810 is required for installations involving two or more containers of size 48 or larger. For smaller installations the size of the extinguishers can be reduced. The extinguisher should be installed near to the installation; it should be securely mounted and its position should be indicated in an approved manner with appropriate symbolic signs. 7.3.3 Loose or piled combustible material and weeds and long dry grass should not be permitted within 3 m of any container. 7.3.4 When relevant, means such as dikes, diversion curbs, or grading should be used to prevent the ‘accumulation of flow of liquids that have flash points below 93,4 °C under LP gas containers. 7.3.5 LP gas containers should be located at least 3 m from the centre line of the wall of bunded areas containing flammable or combustible liquids. 7.3.6 Where LPG installations are closer than 3 m to any other compressed gas, special fire protection precautions should be considered. 18SABS 087-1:1999 7.3.7 No part of an LP gas container should be located in the area 1,8 m horizontally from a vertical piane beneath overhead elaciric power lines that are over 600 V, nominal 7.3.8 Structures such as fre walls, concrete barriers, and other similar structures should be avoided etna of over installed containers. A maximum of (wo walls joined perpencicularly wil be alowed. 7.3.9 The planning for effective measures for the control af inadvertent LP gas releas Ot fire should re diated wih local emergency handing agencies, such as fre departments, Planning should consider the safely of emergency personnel 7.3.10 Inextreme ie isk situations, the provision of a fire hose reel can be required Py the local fire department. 7.3.11 Access to and around the installation should be provided for re fighting and this access should be kept free at all times 7.3.42 People on premises where LPG is stored should receive adequate instructions and appropriate Training to enable them to understand fire precautions and actions to be taken in the event of fire oF leakage of LPG. They should receive instruction and training appropriate {0 te responsibilities in the ne oir emergency. Those training o fight LPG fires should be aware that these, {VES should not oral be extinguished unless the source of LPG can be isolated. At commercial of dustrial sites, roc ettng out the emergency procedures should be prominently displayed near he LPG storage aces jervestic installations, the user should be provided with full instructions which include the action to be taken in an emergency, 7.3.13 The fire protection in major gas installations can be carried out in ferms of a rational design as described by SABS 0400, 8 Ongoing inspection and repair 8.1 Inspection ‘The user shall ensure that appliances, components of the system and the distributing system are inspected at reguar intervals (not exceeding 4 years) to ensure that all components afe sli operating effectively and that the system is leak free. 8.2 Repair “The incorect repair (or adjustment) of the various components af an LP gas installation can result in hazardous conditions, Such repair should therefore be carried out by @ registered installer or an appliance technician as appropriate to the appliance being installed 19SABS 087-1:1999 Gop under the door pee sould be creas! == Seoul Meet (Good ventilation at floor level is essential to prevent any possible accumulation of gas in the event of leakage. Figure 1 — Ventilation at floor level ‘SARS 087-1 Org. 4759-67 00-02 Keep a container at least 2m away from a coal stove but at least 1 ™ away if an approved insulating Guard is fitted between the coniainer and the stove, Figure 2— Containers and coal stoves 20estes Pipe sleeve —— Hhrough wall oo 090 SABS 007-1 “| deg 16760-£¢/00-02 | Figure 3 — Outdoor containers SABS 087~ Container and regulator installed outside building with shut-off valve inside. ‘All equipment autside the building should be pro~ tected against damage and weathering atSABS 087-1:1999 uone|ie}suy jemespyyn node, — p aunbi4 ssauypjuay 0143: uolj28uu0> soy ong Or tr BA}DA sanc-aGuay) 22