Similari Enlarg cent and imilarity and Enlargement In the previous section, we have learnt that two figures are simil Their dimensions are lar if they have exactly the same shape but not necessarily the same size. in proportion, ar small on a book. Ifa person USES 3 Draw a tia 5.10(b)), the letter A# = 8 cm, ‘Bc Look at Fig. 7.10(a) etter ‘S’ may appe: hand fens andl enlarges the letter for a clearer view (see Fi would appear larger: PORS imide the wang PO'6 on ABR icon ac 0.75 em as me I ane aoe A The letter as seen through ahand lens o) The leter a5 i appears on a book @ 7.10 (Diagram not drawn to scale) The larger letter is an enlargement ofthe original letter S'. We say that the two et, The corresponding lengths of the letters are in letters are similar to each othe proportion. Te ratio of length ofthe enlarged letter to the corresponding length ter is known as the scale factor. hos ween 0 and til proc mae image, b gD isl ced ent ofa photograph on a screen usinga visualiser Sy elygenentin me ae similar. oo An enlargement wth scala ofthe original lett ‘Another example isthe enlarger {cee Fig. 7.5(b) on page 173). The photograph and its projected image In Fig. 7.11, AABCis similar to AA’B’C’. We say that A4’B'C’ is an enlargement of ABC with a scale factor of k= AE AC = BE AB AC” BCWorked Werle | ieee find the length of a'r and ot ace Solution: jg similar to AA’B'C’ under en Be ‘under enlargement, _A’B’=Semand AC = em 4. Inthe figure, AA’B'C’ is an enlargement of AABC with a scale factor of 3. Gi that AB =6em and AC = 10-em, find the length of Bande ne oo he a em/ Bi 4” oem a 2. Inthe figure, AXY'Z’ is an enlargement of AXYZ with a scale factor of 15. Given im and ¥°Z' = 12em, find the length of XY’ and of ¥Z. 3, A photograph shows Mr Go, who is 180 cm tll, standing in front of his trace house. In the photograph, the height of Mr Goh js 9em and that of his house is 225 em. Find the actual height ofthe house, giving your answer in metres, - So thine eeSimilarity and Scale Drawings In our daly activites, we sometimes need to enlarge oF relice PICKS He drawings of actual objects. For example, jo draw a planof a badminton court inorder to explain the rules ofthe ke a much smaller drawing on paper or on a whiteboard. If apparatus used for the disilation of water, we screen using a visualiser. if we wish same, we need to mal we wish to show a diagram of the ‘can enlarge the diagram on a Fig. 7.12 shows the floor plan of a house Its similar tothe actual floor of the house. om 1.75em 315em sem | | Bedrooms | BEDROOM 2 KITCHEN aia LuvING ROOM ownc | \J}eeoroom 3 ROOM | BATH. RooM 33em [Sem , lem, 1Sem dimensions of the house. ‘The dimensions of the plan are proportional tothe actual Fig, 7.12 has been drawn toa scale of I emto 2m, ie. Lemon the plan represents 2 mon actual ground. From Fig. 7.12, we have: @ Length of the living room = (3.5 x2) m =7m Width of the living room = (1.$x2)m =3m Gi) Area of Bedroom 1 on the plan = 2em x 15m ‘Actual area of Bedroom 1 =(2 x 2)mx (15x 2)m = 12m (iii) Area of the living room = (3.5 x 2) mx (1.5 x 2) m 1m? Gv) Total area of the house = (7.5 x 2) m x (3 x 2) m Ea 10m? Exercise 7C Question 10 we \scale Drawings 2 ewone example of ow scale crawings can hl ie .ctual object it represents and another ex: ‘a scale diagram. 9 Uo fin te informatio ample on how we cas my eee apartment, BEDROOM 2 9600 min Livin ROOM DINING ROOM wena BATHROOM: ans Solution: sy measuring the vertical width, which represents 9600 mm, we get 60 mim a OG the scale i 60 : 9600, which is 1: 160. Plan Actual Imm represents 160 mm 160mm represents (160 x 160) mm = 25.600 mm =25.6m ) «The actual length L of the apartment is 25.6 m,The diagram shows a scale drawing of another apartment By measuring the scale drawing, find its scale. een i) Find the actual length L, in metres, of the apartment. ——— BEDROOM 1 | ROOM LIVING ROOM DINING BEDROOM 2 ROOM Worked rawingas pee a oe) ing graph paper, draw a scale diagram ofthe figure Example I shown with a scale of 1: 2. admFF, a tj00* fet: 2,we use the grid and enlarge scale nlarge each par ofthe error example, the length ofthe lager eer rectangle sol gre irene cake drawings shown below. sere fig heme lilyng BES from 4.em to ng og per cra aseae gam ofthe Figure shoon with ascale of 25 i Ce |Jn ook 1, weave lam geometrical constructions We shall nw use scale ain to construct quactilaterals and solve related problems. es ed 2 (Using Scale Drawings to Construct Quadrilaterals) The scale drawing in the space below shows the positions of the towns A, B and C. A is due North of Band Cis due East of B. () Given that 2BAD =80" and 2BC [abel the position of the town D. Gi A pole P isto be erected equidistant from towns A, Band C. By constructing perpendicular bisector find and label the position of the pole P. -The actual distance of AB = 60 km. By measuring the scale drawing, find its scale. Gy Hence find the actual distance fom D tothe pole P 65, find and ‘iBy measurement, AB= 6m on the scale drawing. Hence the scale is 6 em: 60 km, ie. em to 10 km. Gey From par Gi, the distance of D tothe pole P= 43cm ‘The scale drawing in the space below shows the positions ofthe towns A, Band C. _ fxeese 7 Question ‘ais due North of B and C is due West of B. () Given that ZBCD = 80° and ZHAD = 110 find and label the position of the town D. (ip A mast Mis to be erected equidistant from towns A, B and C. By constructing perpendicular bisectors, find and label the position of the mast M. iy The actual distance of AB is 48 km. By measuring the scale drawing, find its scale. (iv) Hence, find the actual distance from D to the mast M. ie iz genset Sry Caper?T Problem involving Scale Drawing) YP Example Teel eighietstedvor NRG abrectel Peceg sacra Oe Seren cet pete 2 sti 7 length of 28 m. Z Solution: 6th Acta Fan resents em sal daem rps 230 : aon lem «The act length othe bedioom 4.6 m Actua Pn Rr, Sem —ireprsentelby Lom sale) e F maim) srpnsened by 35% 100em=2em Beet. Zee ro ye2 cgcearasn s- The length on the plan is 56.em. 1. The scale of the floor plan of a house is 1 em to 2.5 m. Find fers 7 Cetin 1 (@ the actual length of the dining room if itis represented by a length of : 1.25emon the plan, the length on the plan that represents the width of a bedroom if its actual width is 34m, 2. A model of a cruise liner is made to a scale of 1 em to 4 m. The length of the ‘model cruise liner is 67 em. Find @ the actual length of the cruise liner, Ai) the length of the model cruise liner if it is made to a scale of 1 em to 10m. 3. A rectangular school hall is 50 m long and 30 m wide. ‘i ¥8 of the school hall From your scale drawing, find the actual distance between the opposite corners ofthe schoo! hall Using a scale of em to 51m, make a scale da mice and SimilarityMap Scales sre scale drawings of actual land. the hi paralaee ne linear scale of a map is usually a ofthe maT . — ‘ways to represent the scale ofa “y given at a cama FSO He AE shown in Fi, 7 faa. Maps et key a 0 2 3 0 7080-99100 scale 1 1000 000 Fig: 7.13 oe tes km leper sor spe sale of 1 10000000 can also be represented asa representative fraction (RF) y ple, if th 1 oi patra Foresample, the RE 39g, the scales 1:20, When we we RF the numerator must aways be | Worked (Problem involving Map Scale - ‘Armap has a scale of | em to 3 km. Examp! @ fa road hasa length of 3emon the map, caleulate its actual length, (i) I the distance between two stadiums is 7.5 km, find the corresponding distance on the map. Express the scale of the map in the form 1, where nis an integer . Solution: @ Map Actual Tem represents 3 km (scale) 3em represents 33) km ook Zw . The actual length of the road is 9 km. (iy Actual Map ee ondenpetand ae 3km — istepresented by 1-em (scale) Te se we ma nel the vim isrepresented by 3 em sneha ie 75km__ is represented by (2 sx blem = 250m “i The distance between the two stadiums on the map fs 25 em 3 km = 300.000 em i. the scale of the map iS 399 000 cman toe? © gruenY om wa | 1. Amap hasa scale of tem to $km. Se (0 tfa road hasa length of 65 emt on the map, find is actual length, 0 Og lhe distance between two towns is 25 km, calculate the corresponding distance onthe map, 1 Givers the scale ofthe map inthe frm, where an integer, 2. Amap is drawn toa scale of |: 50.000. % Find the actual length that is represented by 2 em on the map, giving your answer in kilometres fer Qstan Colette the length onthe map that presets an actual length of .Skm, sie a ny Using the scale ofa map, we can also find the actual area ofa site from its area on the map. For example, ifthe scale of a map is em to 2km, then 1 em? on the map Fepresents an actual area of (2 km) =4 km’ (see Fig, 7.14). Therefor, the area scale ofthe map is 1 em to kn. 2km Fig, 7.14 Worked (Problem involving Map Orawing Example ‘scale of | em to 05 km is used fora map. fa plot of land has an area of 8 em onthe map, caleulat it actual area GH the actual area of a pond is 50.000 mind its area on the map. Solution: Map Vem represents Tem? represents Sem? represents # The actual area ofthe plot of land is 2 7 Conaruence and Siraarity‘Actual ose «sa. is represented by is represented by ted sim represented by "9G since he acta area of the dis sveniny,twlbe sss Convert the ie sale eng "ombetoe ne xt isrepresented by ing the area sale. 10000 x 2 is represented by i oo 18 7° 350000 | = 02m" ‘The area of the pond on the map is 0:2 em: | nee of 102m ed fora map fy Ha pl of land has an area of 3 em on the map, gj the actual area of ake is 18.000 009 i Sec 76 Question 7,157, find its actual area "calculate its areaon the map, A viongular plot of land ABC is craw to a scale of 1 a ‘em to 3 km. Given that mand AK =4.m, find its actual area, tae A — tem ——> [Performance Task. Workin groups to make a scale drawing of an existing or a dream classtoom or bedroom, Present your drawing to the class, explaining the choice of scale used,Exercise 7¢ Ey 1. In the figure, AX'YZ" is an enlargement of AXYZ 4. With a scale factor of 2. Given that X¥ = 4.em and YZ =8.75.cm, find the lengths of X'Y and ¥Z. “ z 875m Fem x x 2. Im the figure, P*QR'S" is an enlargement of PORS with a scale factor of k Given that PQ = the value of k (i) Given that OR =-4.em and S'R’= 14 em, calculate the length of QR’ and of SR. ‘em and P’Q’ = 16 em, find Rg Mem ie R em Poem 2 @ Ff Toem ‘The figure shows a map of Singapore. The actual length of Singapore from the North to the South is 28 km, (By taking measurements, find the scale of the ‘map. Gi) What is the actual distance between the East and West of Singapore which is represented by.xemon the map? 2: yy Using graph paper, caw raw a scale i the following figures shown wat gr tira, ss @ 1:2 ey () 1:05 5. The diagram shows a scale drawing of afi ABCD. Risto scale eee:.e diagram, construct «a nt ale bisector of {fy the perpendicular bisector of CD, gy Aveasure is hidden in the il A reuse posts Cand D and ie equidistant from the lines BC and CD. Ruark and label the point X, the postion where the treasure is hidden, {ip Find the actual shortest distance of the treasure rom the comer A. Give your answer immetes ‘Amap of Singapore has a scale of 1 em to 280 m. {Given thatthe Tuas Second Link has a length (0f7.68 cm on the map, find its actual length, {i Given that the actual width ofthe Tuas Seconel Link is 25 m, calculate the corresponding with ‘on the map. yes te scale ofthe map inthe frm 2, 7. Amap is drawn to a scale of 1:20 000, {) Find the actual length that is represented by 1 sem on the map, giving your answer in Kilometres. {i Calculate the length on the map that represents an actual length of 100m, 8, Ascale of Lem to 8 km is used for a map. @ Ifa forest has an area of Sem’ on the map, find its actual area Ifthe actual area of a park is 128 kn, calculate its area on the map. 9. In the figure, AAB‘C’ is an enlargement of AABC with a scale factor of 3. Given that B'C’ = 12m and BB’ = 6m, find the length of BC and of AB’ Zk 6em v7 12em Bi 4 c o 40. In a television commercial, a toddler of height 7Semis standing next toa tin of milk of height 24cm, If the height of the toddler is 25 em on a television screen, find the height ofthe tin of milk on the screen, 11. The figure shows the floor plan of an apartment ‘which has been drawn to a scale of | em to 1.5m. Find the actual dimensions of Bedroom 1, i) the actual area ofthe kitchen, ithe actual total area ofthe apartment. 2Sem | 1Sem BATH. BEDROOM | ROOM | LIVINGROOM dem q dem DINING BEDROOM 2 — | KITCHEN] ROOM Bem Tsem ) _2Sem 12, On the floor plan of an apartment, the length of a bedroom is 12 em, The actual length of the bedroom is3m, ‘What i the scale used? Gi Find the width ofthe living room on the floor plan if its actual width is 425 em, 13. A model of the Marina Bay Sands Tower 1 is made to ascale of 1 em to 15 m. The height of the model tower is 42.4.cm. Find ji) the actual height of the tower, {iy the height of the model tower if tis made to a scale of 1 em to 12 m, 14, A map of Singapore has a scale of 4 em to 5 km. ‘The distance between Paragon Shopping Centre and Plaza Singapura on the map is 1.12 em. Find @ the actual distance between the two shopping centres, Gi) the distance between the two shopping centres ‘on another map of Singapore that is drawn to a scale of 1: 175.000, Congruence and Similar maa15. The figure shows a map of the Tampines Mountain Biking Trail. The scale is given in the form of a bar at the bottom of the map, showing 0 m to 300 m, (@ Express the scale of the map in the form 1m, where nis an integer. Estimate the actual distance XY ofthe biking teil Giipkhairul cycles from X to ¥, but he discovers that the actual distance XY is about 350 m. Suggest a reason why the actual distance XY is ditferent feo your estimate in i 16. A map has a scale of I em to 500m. @_ Express the scale of the map in the form 1m, where m is an integer. i) Ifthe distance between two districts is 28 km, find the corresponding distance on the map. If a jungle has an area of 12 em* on the map, calculate its actual area in square kilometres. 17. Amap is drawn to a scale of 1 : 240 000. @_ Ifa seawater lake has an area of 38 em*on the ‘map, find its actual area in square kilometres. If the actual area of a plot of land is 22908 800 m’, calculate its area on the map. 18, The Old Taord soccer i is kant a scale of 1am length and the breadth of ee scale drawing are 21 cn my fin its actual an ihe Gg 9d 13.66 Hl og ® im square metres” 19, Use the map of South Malaysia to following questions. You may use a rue the approximate distances between before finding the actual dis scale. tOmeaa amt Paces tances from i the Ben Kuantane\ } Kuala Lumpur #Segamat Melak— \ Batu Pahat\_ . lode 8 VEN Singapore km bo | 0 6 120 180 240 300 360 (Express the scale ofthe map inthe fom 4, where nis an integer Find the actual distance between Singapore ard Kuantan How much would it costo hire a taxi to tae from Melaka to Kuala Lumpur if the tax ares cents per kilometre?Gap Caeulate the time taken fora car to travel from 21. A triangular field ABC is such that AB = 90 m, ie a See eu snwretla hota and! | gy Using a scale of 1 em to 10 m, make a scale inutes. drawing ofthe field, iu Ihtain takes 4 hours to travel rom Johor Baru mreché to Segamat. Find is average Gi) From your seal speed, giving your in kmvh, answer le rawing, lth acta eistance tom Btothe point, where Ks equidistant on Aand ¢ dawn 10a Sale of 1 em to 500m, a 20. powers plot of land has a breadth of sen Teaghthalis 17S%ofis breath, Findsacnet ap hectares (1 hectare = 10-000 Hint: Points on the perpendicular bisector of AB : are equidistant from A and B. and a Two figures are congruent if they have exactly the same shape and size i: They can be mapped onto each other und le translation, rotation and reflection. 2. Afigure and its image under a translation, 2 rotation ora reflection are congruent ie. all corresponding angles land the sides are equal. 3, Two figures are similar if they have exactly the same shape but not necessarily the same size wo similar figures also have exactly the same size, then they are congruent. In other words, congruence is a special case of similarity. i are similar, 4, lftwo polygons are si « all the corresponding angles are equal, and «all the ratios of the corresponding sides are equal 3. A figure and its image under an enlargement are similar. + An enlargement witha scale factor greater than 1 produces an enlarged image + An enlargement with a scale factor between 0 and I produces a diminished image + Anenlargement with a scale factor of 1 produces a congruent image 6 the linear scale of a map is 1: it means that 1 cm on the map represents x em on the actual piece of land, and the area scale of the map is 1:eM cise ‘Are the following pairs of triangles congruent? If so, explain your answer and write down th WM the stay 1 congruence. f not, explain your answer tome og @ o) 00", £B = 79, 2, itis given thatthe quadrilateral ABCD is congruent tothe quaiiatral PORS, <4 = ZC =95" and PO =6cm. @ Write down the length of AB. Find 2S. H 3. Inthe figure, AABC= AAKH. Given that 2BAC =: 4 (ZAHK =36°, AB = 60m and AH = 102m, find g @ ZAKH, 46 the length of KC. 102m, & c 6 om B Inthe figure, AABC= AAHEK, It is given that 2BAC = 5% c ZAHK =», AH = 6 em and the area of ABCs 24 em Write down the size of ZABC. fi) Wie down te length oF AB, Hence find the length of BC x (iy Calculate ZBXK. Kb (6) Is ADEF similar to ASTU? Explain your answer, Sdem__ 5 Tr D 684.em 10.8.em 3em\\ sem E 38cm F v Given that ALM similar to AZXY, fn the values ofthe unknowns in th 8h 6 ae ny 9em 10.em Zz Lg 3 6m yy 4 7. Given that the quadrilateral ABCD is similar to the quachilater. Gi tt es 'e quadrilateral PORS, find the values of the unknowns in as p_Sem 9 Mem yem D Gs Oe8. MLis given that ABC is similar to APQR, 2A = 60", AB = 6em, AC = em and Pi @ Write down the size of 2P. (i) Find the length of PO. 9. A model of an aircraft is made to a scale of 1: 80. on @) Ifthe wingspan of the model aircraft is 25 em, find the wingspan of the actual aircraft, 6 the wingspan ofthe ml aircrafts 25cm, nd he wings ACO Sing, {iy Ifthe length of the actual aircrafts 40 m, calculate the length of the model aircraft 10. A model ofa block of fas of The Pinnacles Duxton housing project is made to a scale of 2 em yg height of the model block of flats is 41.6 em. Find 75m, ‘i “ the actual height ofthe black of flats, he the height of the model black of flats if it is made to a scale of S em to 12.m, 1, Aap has a scl of emo km Capes the cleo th map inthe fm wher nis an neg Wa river has a fength of 3 em on the map, find its actual length, giving your answer in kilomen IF the distance between to towns i 8 km, calulate the corresponding distance onthe may" 12, Amap of Singapore i drawn toa scale of 1; 18000, 6 Given thatthe length ofthe Cirle Mass Rapid Tans Lines 35.7 km, find the coresponding ay the map, leaving your answer correct to 2 decimal paces hog Given thatthe dtance between Sees and Chant Ferry Terminal 13.5.0m 09 hema, cal Actual distance between Sentosa and Chang! Ferry Terminal, giving your answer in kilomesca UE he The actual area ofthe Sentosa Ilnd is $k. Find its area on he ap, leaving your ans, 2 decimal places 13. A map has a scale of 2m to 3 km, Express the scale ofthe map in the form 1 :, where n isan integer. AG ithe distance between two towns is 7em on the map, find the actual distance between the two giving your answer in kilometres toons, I the actual area of a lake is 8 km, calculate its area on the map. 14. A map of a region of Singapore is drawn toa scale of 1:25 000. @ two Town Councils are 3.5 km apart, find the corresponding distance on the map, ‘A reservoir has an area of 16 emt on the map. Calculate its actual area in square kilometres, 15. The floor plan of the basement of a shopping centre is drawn to a scale of |: 400 © ‘a corridor has length of 24.5 cm on the plan, ind is actual length, giving your answer in mee i) fast food restaurant occupies a floor area of 400 n?. Calculate its area on the plan Git a supermarket has an area of 0.25 m? on the plan, find its actual area in hectares (hectare = 10.000 m')app and BPO are straight lines. AB, PC and QD are perpendicular to BCD. It is given that e figure 26cm. 1. 1M enon 6 1824 prs of sia angles a cae wei ofthe Fength of BC 10 the length of Cb. om 9 A P em sem a ¢ D sue sos neutral tangle inscribe a le, hh ised inside a bigger culate figut tio of the area ofthe bigger triangle to that ofthe smaller triangle. sete 2 le Fre oan ania ater?