April 11, 2024

INFUSED VIRTUES
 Relationship between Sanctifying Grace and Infused Virtues

Sanctifying Grace and Infused Virtues are gifts from God that elevate and sanctify the soul. Sanctifying
Grace and Infused Virtues are intimately intertwined.

1. Sanctifying grace is the foundational grace that transforms the soul, making it holy and pleasing
to God. It is like the soil in which the virtues are planted and grow. Infused virtues, on the other
hand, are the qualities or habits infused into the soul by sanctifying grace, enabling the soul to
act in accordance with God's will.

2. Sanctifying grace enables the soul to participate in the divine life of God, while infused virtues
provide the faculties of the soul with the intrinsic capacity to perform supernatural acts. Thus,
sanctifying grace empowers the virtues to operate effectively and meritoriously in the soul.

3. Infused virtues are always received together with sanctifying grace. They are inseparable
companions, working together to sanctify the soul and lead it towards union with God. This
relationship emphasizes the unity and coherence of God's gifts in the spiritual life.

4. Growth and Development: Both sanctifying grace and infused virtues can increase and develop
within the soul. As the soul grows in grace, so do the virtues, leading to greater conformity to
the image of Christ and deeper union with God.

5. Loss and Restoration: Mortal sin can result in the loss of both sanctifying grace and infused
virtues from the soul. However, through the sacrament of reconciliation (confession), both grace
and virtues can be restored, highlighting their close connection and interdependence in the
spiritual life.

 Mortal Sin, and Sanctifying Grace and Infused Virtues

Mortal sin is a grave offense against God's law that involves a serious matter, committed with full
knowledge and deliberate consent. Mortal sins rupture our relationship with God and deprive the soul
of sanctifying grace, which is the life of God within us. The effects of mortal sin in relation to sanctifying
grace and virtues are the following:

1. Loss of Sanctifying Grace: Mortal sin extinguishes sanctifying grace in the soul.

2. Damage to Virtues: Mortal sin weakens or even destroys the infused virtues present in the soul.
The theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity, as well as moral virtues, are diminished or
eradicated by mortal sin. This diminishes the soul's capacity to live in accordance with God's will
and impedes its spiritual growth.
 3. Effects on the Soul: Mortal sin darkens the intellect and weakens the will, making it easier to sin
again and harder to resist temptation. It also disturbs the soul's peace and disrupts its
communion with God and others.

 Restoration

Restoring sanctifying grace and infused virtues after committing mortal sin involves the sacrament
of reconciliation. Through sincere contrition, confession of sins, and penance, the soul is reconciled with
God, and sanctifying grace is restored. However, the effects of mortal sin on the virtues may not be
immediately reversed.

When sanctifying grace is restored through confession, the soul is brought back into a state of
grace, but the virtues may need to be rebuilt and strengthened through ongoing repentance,
prayer, and virtuous living. The soul does not necessarily start again from the beginning, but
rather continues its journey toward holiness from the point where it left off, with the grace and
guidance of God.

 Does it mean God goes out every time one commits mortal sin, and then goes back when one
confesses one's sins?

Tayo ang tumatalikod. Hindi nawawala talaga

When one commits a mortal sin, it's not that God leaves or abandons the person entirely, but
rather that the person turns away from God's grace and rejects His love.

Mortal sin severs the soul's friendship with God and extinguishes sanctifying grace, which is the
life of God within us. In this state, the soul lacks the supernatural merit required for salvation
and is separated from God's grace. However, God's love and mercy remain available to the
person, inviting them to repentance and reconciliation. The Catholic understanding is that
God's presence and love are constant and unwavering, even in the midst of sin.

Confession, or the sacrament of reconciliation, is a means by which the person can return to
God's grace and friendship. Through sincere contrition, confession of sins, and penance, the soul
is reconciled with God, and sanctifying grace is restored. It's not so much that God comes back
to us, but rather that we return to God, opening ourselves to receive His forgiveness and grace.

God's willingness to forgive us, no matter how many times we fall, is a testament to His
boundless love and mercy. He eagerly awaits our return, ready to embrace us with open arms
and welcome us back into His loving presence. Each confession provides an opportunity for
renewal and growth in virtue, leading the soul closer to God's love and mercy.

 Venial Sin, and Sanctifying Grace and Infused Virtues

 1. Venial Sin: Venial sin is a less serious offense against God's law compared to mortal sin. While it
does not completely rupture our relationship with God, it still damages our friendship with Him
and weakens our soul's disposition towards virtue. Venial sins are often described as
"blemishes" or "stains" on the soul rather than outright rejections of God's love. They can
include actions or omissions that are not in accordance with God's will but do not involve grave
matter, full knowledge, or deliberate consent.

In relation to venial sin, sanctifying grace, and infused virtues, venial sins weaken sanctifying grace and
diminish the effectiveness of infused virtues in the soul. While they do not completely sever our
relationship with God, they hinder our spiritual progress and make us more susceptible to further sin.
Regularly confessing venial sins, practicing acts of contrition and penance, and striving for virtue through
prayer and sacramental participation help to strengthen sanctifying grace and infused virtues within us,
enabling us to grow in holiness and closer to God.

 8 MAIN TRAITS OF INFUSED VIRTUES (Jordan Aumann p 83)

1. They come along with sanctifying grace

2. While grace is part of our soul's essence, infused virtues are more like habits that help us do
good things, and they are separate from our soul. Infused virtues are different from Grace.

3. They're not the same as the good habits we develop naturally; they're something special from
God.

4. Supernatural, but Work Like Normal: Even though they are from God, they work in a way that is
similar to our regular actions.

5. They get stronger as our relationship with God grows. Grow with Grace

6. Power for Good Actions: They give us the ability to do good things that please God, but they do
not make it easy. Sometimes, it's hard because of our past mistakes, but we can improve with
practice and God's help.

7. Lost with Mortal Sin: If we commit serious sins, these virtues can be lost, except for faith and
hope, which become weaker.

8. Can't Just Fade Away: They don't just disappear on their own, but they can get weaker if we
keep doing things that are not right, like sins that make us lose our closeness to God.

 Infused virtues can be divided into two main groups based on their focus
  Theological Virtues:

The theological virtues are operative principles by which we are ordained1 directly and
immediately to God as our supernatural end. The theological virtues are described as operative
principles because they actively guide and direct our faculties—such as our intellect and will—towards
God. They enable us to engage with God and pursue our supernatural destiny.

They have God himself as their material object and one of his divine attributes as their formal object.

 Material Object: This is like the target itself. Each virtue is aimed directly at God, our
ultimate destination. So, when you use these virtues, you're focusing on getting closer
to God.

 Formal Object: Now, imagine the special features of the target. For faith, it's like aiming
at the truth of God, knowing Him better. Hope is like aiming at the goodness of God,
trusting in His promises. And charity is like aiming at the love of God, loving Him and
others deeply.

Theological Virtue of Faith

Signs of weak theological faith may manifest in various ways, including:

1. Doubt and Uncertainty: Persistent questioning or skepticism about core tenets of the faith may
indicate a weak theological faith. Saint James addresses the issue of doubt, stating, "But let him
ask in faith, with no doubting, for the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea that is driven and
tossed by the wind" (James 1:6, ESV).

2. Inconsistency in Prayer Life: Infrequent or superficial prayer habits may signal a lack of trust in
God and a weakened relationship with Him. Saint Paul advises, "Rejoice always, pray without
ceasing, give thanks in all circumstances; for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus for you" (1
Thessalonians 5:16-18, ESV).

3. Neglect of Scripture: Rare engagement with the Word of God, such as infrequent reading of the
Bible or lack of reflection on its teachings, may suggest a weak theological foundation. Saint
Jerome famously stated, "Ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ."

4. Minimal Participation in Sacraments: Rare attendance at Mass and infrequent reception of the
sacraments, particularly the Eucharist and Reconciliation, may indicate a lack of commitment to
one's faith. Jesus emphasizes the importance of the Eucharist, saying, "Whoever feeds on my
flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him" (John 6:56, ESV).

5. Disregard for Church Teachings: Ignoring or rejecting teachings of the Church on matters of
faith and morals may suggest a weak theological understanding. Saint Augustine affirmed the
importance of adhering to Church teachings, stating, "Wrong is wrong even if everyone is doing
it. Right is right even if no one is doing it."
1
These virtues directly align us with God as our supernatural end or ultimate purpose. In other words, they orient
us towards God Himself, rather than merely towards earthly goods or goals.
 6. Absence of Spiritual Growth: Stagnation or regression in spiritual development, evidenced by a
lack of growth in knowledge and practice of the faith, may indicate a weak theological
foundation. Saint Peter encourages believers to "grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord
and Savior Jesus Christ" (2 Peter 3:18, ESV).

7. Difficulty in Times of Trial: Struggling to find consolation, hope, or meaning in times of adversity
or suffering may indicate a weak trust in God's providence. Saint Paul reassures believers,
saying, "And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those
who are called according to his purpose" (Romans 8:28, ESV).

These signs serve as indicators for individuals to assess and strengthen their theological faith in
accordance with the teachings of the Catholic Church and the wisdom of the saints.

 What is the Theological Virtue of Faith?

In the Catholic perspective, the theological virtue of faith is a supernatural gift from God that enables
individuals to believe in Him and all that He has revealed. It is one of the three theological virtues, along
with hope and charity, and holds a central place in the life of a believer.

1. Nature of Faith: Faith involves both intellect and will. Intellectually, it is the assent of the mind
to divine truths revealed by God. Willingly, it is the acceptance of these truths and the
commitment to live in accordance with them. The Catechism of the Catholic Church defines faith
as "the theological virtue by which we believe in God and believe all that he has said and
revealed to us" (CCC 1814).

2. Foundation of Christian Life: Faith is the starting point of the Christian journey and the
foundation upon which the entire spiritual life is built. It opens the door to a personal
relationship with God and allows individuals to encounter Him in a profound way. Without faith,
it is impossible to please God or fully participate in His plan of salvation (Hebrews 11:6).

3. Gift from God: Faith is not something that can be achieved through human effort alone; rather,
it is a gift freely given by God. It is infused into the soul at baptism and strengthened through the
reception of the sacraments, prayer, and the study of Scripture. Pope Benedict XVI stated, "Faith
is not a mere intellectual assent, but an act of the whole person involving the intellect, the will,
and the affections."

4. Assent to Revelation: Faith involves assenting to divine revelation, which is communicated to

humanity through Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition. This revelation encompasses truths
about God, His plan of salvation, the nature of humanity, and the moral order. By believing in
these truths, individuals enter into communion with God and His Church.

5. Living Faith: True faith is not merely an intellectual belief but a lived reality that transforms
one's entire life. It inspires trust in God's promises, obedience to His commandments, and love
for Him and others. Saint James emphasizes the importance of active faith, stating, "Faith by
itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead" (James 2:17).

6. Growth in Faith: Faith is not static but dynamic, capable of deepening and maturing over time. It
grows through prayer, study, participation in the sacraments, and engagement with the
 Christian community. As individuals encounter God more deeply in their lives, their faith
becomes stronger and more resilient.

 Growing in the Theological Virtue of Faith

Growing in the theological virtue of faith from a Catholic perspective involves a multifaceted approach
that integrates prayer, Scripture, sacraments, community, and living out the faith in daily life.

1. Prayer:

 Personal Prayer: Regular personal prayer, including meditation, contemplation, and

conversation with God, deepens our relationship with Him. Saint Teresa of Avila
famously said, "Prayer is an act of love; words are not needed. Even if sickness distracts
from thoughts, all that is needed is the will to love." (Interior Castle)

 Community Prayer: Participating in communal prayer, such as Mass, Liturgy of the

Hours, or Eucharistic Adoration, strengthens our faith and unity with the Church. Jesus
said, "For where two or three are gathered in my name, there am I among them."
(Matthew 18:20)

2. Scripture:

 Regular reading and reflection on the Bible nourish our faith and deepens our
understanding of God's revelation. Saint Jerome said, "Ignorance of Scripture is
ignorance of Christ."

 The Bible itself attests to the importance of Scripture in nurturing faith: "So faith comes
from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ." (Romans 10:17)

3. Sacraments:

 Participation in the sacramental life of the Church, especially the Eucharist and
Reconciliation, provides grace to strengthen our faith. Saint Augustine said, "I believe in
order to understand; and I understand, the better to believe."

 The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches, "The sacraments are efficacious signs of
grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed
to us." (CCC 1131)

4. Community:

 Active involvement in the Christian community fosters mutual support, encouragement,

and accountability in our faith journey. Saint John Paul II stated, "Faith and reason are
like two wings on which the human spirit rises to the contemplation of truth." (Fides et
Ratio)
  Saint Mother Teresa emphasized the importance of community in nurturing faith,
saying, "I can do things you cannot, you can do things I cannot; together we can do great
things."

5. Living Out the Faith:

 Putting our faith into action through acts of charity, justice, and mercy demonstrates our
trust in God and love for others. Saint James exhorts, "But be doers of the word, and not
hearers only, deceiving yourselves." (James 1:22)

 Pope Francis encourages us, "Let the Church always be a place of mercy and hope,
where everyone is welcomed, loved, and forgiven."

By incorporating these practices into our lives, guided by the wisdom of saints, the teachings of the
Church, and the truths of Scripture, we can deepen our relationship with God and grow in the
theological virtue of faith.

 Distractions in one's grow in the theological virtue of faith.

1. Busyness:

 "But Jesus often withdrew to lonely places and prayed." (Luke 5:16, NIV) - Jesus sets an
example of prioritizing time for prayer amidst busyness.

 "Be still, and know that I am God." (Psalm 46:10, NIV) - Scripture emphasizes the
importance of making time for God in the midst of a hectic schedule.

2. Worldly Concerns:

 "Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moths and vermin destroy,
and where thieves break in and steal." (Matthew 6:19, NIV) - Jesus warns against the
pursuit of material possessions.

 "Seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as
well." (Matthew 6:33, NIV) - Jesus encourages prioritizing God's kingdom over worldly
concerns.

3. Technology and Media:

 "Set your minds on things above, not on earthly things." (Colossians 3:2, NIV) - Saint
Paul urges believers to focus on spiritual priorities rather than worldly distractions.

 "Be sober-minded; be watchful. Your adversary the devil prowls around like a roaring
lion, seeking someone to devour." (1 Peter 5:8, ESV) - Saint Peter warns against the
dangers of becoming consumed by worldly distractions.

4. Negative Influences:

 "Do not be misled: 'Bad company corrupts good character.'" (1 Corinthians 15:33, NIV) -
Saint Paul cautions against the influence of negative companions.
  "Iron sharpens iron, and one man sharpens another." (Proverbs 27:17, ESV) - Scripture
highlights the importance of surrounding oneself with supportive and uplifting
communities.

5. Doubts and Questions:

 "Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to
you." (Matthew 7:7, ESV) - Jesus encourages seeking answers through prayer and
inquiry.

 "Faith seeks understanding." - Saint Augustine's famous dictum emphasizes the

compatibility of faith and intellectual inquiry.

6. Suffering and Trials:

 "Count it all joy, my brothers, when you meet trials of various kinds, for you know that
the testing of your faith produces steadfastness." (James 1:2-3, ESV) - Saint James
encourages perseverance in the face of trials.

 "The Lord is my strength and my shield; my heart trusts in him, and he helps me."
(Psalm 28:7, NIV) - Scripture reassures believers of God's presence and support in times
of trial.

7. Lack of Discipline:

 "Discipline yourself for the purpose of godliness." (1 Timothy 4:7, NASB) - Saint Paul
underscores the importance of spiritual discipline.

 "Without discipline, there can be no progress in spiritual life." - Pope Saint John Paul II
emphasizes the necessity of discipline in the spiritual journey.

THEOLOGICAL VIRTUE OF HOPE

Weakness in the theological virtue of hope can manifest in various ways, indicating a lack of trust in
God's promises and a diminished confidence in His providence. Here are some signs of weak theological
hope from a Catholic perspective, supported by references from Scripture, the teachings of the Catholic
Church, and insights from saints:

1. Despair: A profound sense of hopelessness and abandonment, feeling that there is no possibility
of salvation or divine assistance. This contrasts with the Christian belief in God's mercy and the
assurance of salvation through Christ.

 Reference: "For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans for welfare and
not for evil, to give you a future and a hope." (Jeremiah 29:11, ESV)
 2. Anxiety and Fear: Excessive worry about the future, accompanied by a lack of trust in God's
guidance and provision. This undermines the Christian belief in God's loving care and
sovereignty over all things.

 Reference: "Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and
supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God." (Philippians
4:6, ESV)

3. Attachment to Worldly Comforts: Placing undue reliance on material possessions, wealth, or

worldly success for security and happiness, rather than trusting in God's providence and eternal
promises.

 Reference: "But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things
will be added to you." (Matthew 6:33, ESV)

4. Lack of Perseverance in Prayer: Neglecting prayer or becoming discouraged in prayer, doubting

whether God hears or answers prayers. This reflects a weakened confidence in God's
faithfulness and ability to respond to our needs.

 Reference: "And whatever you ask in prayer, you will receive, if you have faith."
(Matthew 21:22, ESV)

5. Spiritual Sloth: Apathy or indifference towards spiritual practices, such as attending Mass,
receiving the sacraments, or engaging in acts of charity. This indicates a lack of eagerness for the
eternal rewards promised by God.

 Reference: "Do not be slothful in zeal, be fervent in spirit, serve the Lord." (Romans
12:11, ESV)

6. Doubt in God's Mercy: Questioning or doubting God's mercy and forgiveness, believing that
one's sins are too great to be forgiven or that God is unwilling to forgive.

 Reference: "But you, O Lord, are a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger and
abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness." (Psalm 86:15, ESV)

7. Lack of Joy and Peace: Persistent feelings of sadness, discontentment, or unrest, indicating a
lack of trust in God's love and His ability to bring about true happiness and peace.

 Reference: "May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, so that by
the power of the Holy Spirit you may abound in hope." (Romans 15:13, ESV)

These signs highlight areas where individuals may struggle with weak theological hope and can serve as
reminders to cultivate a deeper trust in God and His promises, as exemplified by the saints throughout
history.

The theological virtue of hope, from a Catholic perspective, is a profound trust and confident
expectation in God's promises of salvation and eternal life. It is one of the three theological virtues,
along with faith and charity, bestowed upon believers by God's grace. Hope empowers individuals to
persevere through trials and tribulations, anchoring their lives in the assurance of God's unfailing love
and providential care. Here's an expansion on the theological virtue of hope:

1. Nature of Hope:

 Hope is more than mere optimism or wishful thinking; it is a theological virtue infused
into the soul by God, enabling individuals to trust in His promises with certainty.

 The Catechism of the Catholic Church describes hope as "the theological virtue by which
we desire the kingdom of heaven and eternal life as our happiness, placing our trust in
Christ's promises and relying not on our own strength, but on the help of the grace of
the Holy Spirit" (CCC 1817).

2. Object of Hope:

 The object of Christian hope is ultimately God Himself, who is the source of all goodness
and the fulfillment of every human longing.

 Saint Augustine beautifully articulates this, saying, "Hope has two beautiful daughters:
their names are anger and courage. Anger at the way things are, and courage to see that
they do not remain as they are."

3. Foundation of Hope:

 The foundation of Christian hope lies in the resurrection of Jesus Christ, which assures
believers of victory over sin and death and the promise of eternal life.

 Saint Paul writes, "But we do not want you to be uninformed, brothers, about those
who are asleep, that you may not grieve as others do who have no hope." (1
Thessalonians 4:13, ESV)

4. Effects of Hope:

 Hope instills courage, resilience, and perseverance in the face of adversity, enabling
believers to endure suffering and trials with confidence in God's faithfulness.

 Saint Teresa of Avila expresses this sentiment, saying, "Let nothing disturb you, let
nothing frighten you. All things pass. God does not change. Patience achieves
everything."

5. Expression of Hope:

 Hope finds expression in prayer, particularly in the petitions for God's kingdom to come
and His will to be done on earth as it is in heaven (Matthew 6:10).

 Pope Benedict XVI reflects on this, stating, "Christian hope is the expectation of
something that already has been fulfilled in principle, but not yet in totality."

6. Cultivation of Hope:
  Believers cultivate hope through prayer, Scripture, participation in the sacraments, and
communion with the Christian community.

 Saint Thomas Aquinas affirms this, saying, "Hope is a divine virtue, which God infuses
into the human soul, to enable it to trust firmly that it will attain eternal life."

The theological virtue of hope, rooted in the promise of God's love and mercy, sustains believers on
their journey of faith, guiding them toward the ultimate fulfillment of their deepest longings in
communion with God for all eternity.

 Distractions in living out the Theological Virtue of Hope.

Distractions can indeed hinder the living out of the theological virtue of hope in the Catholic perspective:

1. Worldly Concerns:

 Distraction: Excessive preoccupation with material possessions, wealth, or worldly

success can divert attention away from the hope of eternal life and heavenly happiness.

 Teaching: "Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy
and where thieves break in and steal, but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven." -
Matthew 6:19-20 (ESV)

 Saint Francis of Assisi emphasized detachment from worldly goods and the importance
of focusing on the eternal treasures of heaven.

2. Fear and Anxiety:

 Distraction: Overwhelming fear and anxiety about the future can undermine trust in
God's providence and the hope of salvation.

 Teaching: "Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and
supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God." - Philippians
4:6 (ESV)

 Pope Saint John Paul II often spoke about the importance of entrusting our worries to
God in prayer and finding peace in His loving care.

3. Despair and Discouragement:

 Distraction: Feelings of hopelessness and despair in the face of personal struggles or

societal challenges can erode the theological virtue of hope.

 Teaching: "For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans for welfare and
not for evil, to give you a future and a hope." - Jeremiah 29:11 (ESV)

 Saint Teresa of Calcutta, known for her unwavering hope amidst adversity, encouraged
others to trust in God's goodness and providence.

4. Temporal Pleasures:
  Distraction: Pursuit of immediate gratification through worldly pleasures can obscure
the long-term hope of eternal joy with God.

 Teaching: "Set your minds on things that are above, not on things that are on earth." -
Colossians 3:2 (ESV)

 Pope Benedict XVI warned against the seductive allure of materialism and urged
believers to prioritize spiritual treasures above earthly desires.

5. Lack of Prayer and Spiritual Practices:

 Distraction: Neglecting prayer and spiritual practices can weaken the connection to God
and diminish the sense of hope in His promises.

 Teaching: "Continue steadfastly in prayer, being watchful in it with thanksgiving." -

Colossians 4:2 (ESV)

 Saint Teresa of Ávila stressed the importance of prayer as the foundation of the spiritual
life and the source of hope in God's presence.

Addressing these distractions involves cultivating a deeper trust in God's promises, nurturing a vibrant
prayer life, and seeking guidance from the wisdom of the Church, saints, and popes.

Theological Virtue of Love

Weakness in the theological virtue of love, also known as charity, can manifest in various ways. Here
are some signs:

1. Lack of Compassion:

 Sign: A failure to show genuine care and concern for others, especially those who are
suffering or marginalized.

 Reference: "But if anyone has the world's goods and sees his brother in need, yet closes
his heart against him, how does God's love abide in him?" - 1 John 3:17 (ESV)

 Teaching: Pope Francis emphasizes the importance of reaching out to the poor and
vulnerable with love and compassion.

2. Harboring Resentment or Grudges:

 Sign: Holding onto feelings of anger, resentment, or unforgiveness towards others,

rather than extending forgiveness and reconciliation.

 Reference: "Above all, keep loving one another earnestly, since love covers a multitude
of sins." - 1 Peter 4:8 (ESV)

 Teaching: The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 2843) teaches that forgiveness is
essential for living out the commandment to love one another.
 3. Selfishness and Self-Centeredness:

 Sign: Prioritizing one's own interests, desires, and comfort over the needs and well-
being of others.

 Reference: "Let each of you look not only to his own interests, but also to the interests
of others." - Philippians 2:4 (ESV)

 Teaching: Saint Mother Teresa of Calcutta exemplified selfless love through her
dedication to serving the poorest of the poor.

4. Indifference to the Spiritual Needs of Others:

 Sign: Neglecting to share the message of God's love and salvation with others or failing
to support fellow believers in their faith journey.

 Reference: "And he said to them, 'Go into all the world and proclaim the gospel to the
whole creation.'" - Mark 16:15 (ESV)

 Teaching: Pope Saint Paul VI stressed the importance of evangelization and spreading
the love of Christ to all people.

5. Judgmental Attitude:

 Sign: Engaging in harsh criticism, gossip, or condemnation towards others, rather than
showing understanding and mercy.

 Reference: "Judge not, and you will not be judged; condemn not, and you will not be
condemned; forgive, and you will be forgiven." - Luke 6:37 (ESV)

 Teaching: Pope Francis emphasizes the need for a culture of encounter and mercy,
rather than judgment and condemnation.

Recognizing these signs of weakness in the theological virtue of love can inspire individuals to seek
greater growth and transformation in their capacity to love as Christ loves. Through prayer, reflection on
Scripture, and the example of holy men and women, believers can strive to live out charity more fully in
their daily lives.

 What is the Theological Virtue of Love?

1. Definition:

 Love, or charity, in the Catholic tradition, is a supernatural gift infused by God into the
soul, enabling believers to love God above all things and their neighbor as themselves. It
is not merely a feeling or emotion but an act of the will directed towards the good of
others.

2. Object of Love:

 The ultimate object of love is God Himself. Through the theological virtue of love,
believers are called to love God with their whole being, seeking union with Him and
 striving to fulfill His will. Additionally, love extends to all people, as Jesus taught that the
second greatest commandment is to love one's neighbor as oneself (Matthew 22:39).

3. Foundation of Love:

 The foundation of Christian love lies in the selfless love of Christ, who laid down His life
for humanity. His sacrificial love on the cross serves as the model and source of
inspiration for believers to love others with the same selflessness and generosity.

4. Effects of Love:

 Love infuses believers with a desire to serve others and promote their well-being,
particularly those who are in need or marginalized.

 It fosters unity and harmony within the Christian community, as believers strive to live in
mutual love and support.

 Love enables believers to forgive and reconcile with others, mirroring the mercy and
compassion of God.

5. Expression of Love:

 Love is expressed through acts of charity, kindness, and compassion towards others. It
encompasses both deeds and attitudes that seek the good of others, even at personal
cost.

 It finds expression in the practice of the corporal and spiritual works of mercy, such as
feeding the hungry, sheltering the homeless, and comforting the afflicted.

6. Cultivation of Love:

 Love is nurtured through prayer, particularly in cultivating a deep and personal

relationship with God. Regular participation in the sacraments, especially the Eucharist,
strengthens the bond of love between the believer and God.

 Love grows as believers seek to imitate the virtues and example of Jesus Christ, who
embodied perfect love in His earthly life.

 Distractions can indeed hinder the living out of the theological virtue of love.

In a world filled with noise and competing demands for our attention, it's easy to lose sight of the
commandment to love God and neighbor. Here are some ways distractions can impede the practice of
love:

1. Preoccupation with Worldly Concerns:

 Distractions: Excessive focus on material possessions, career advancement, or personal

ambitions can draw us away from loving God and others wholeheartedly.
  Solution: Cultivate detachment from worldly goods and prioritize relationships and
spiritual growth over material success.

2. Negative Influences:

 Distractions: Surrounding ourselves with negative influences or toxic relationships can

hinder our ability to love others unconditionally.

 Solution: Seek out positive, uplifting communities of faith that encourage and support us
in our journey of love.

3. Technology and Media Overload:

 Distractions: Spending excessive time on social media, television, or other forms of

entertainment can consume valuable time and energy, leaving little room for acts of
love and service.

 Solution: Set boundaries on screen time and prioritize activities that nurture
relationships, foster personal growth, and deepen our connection to God. [Find time for
silence]

4. Busyness and Overcommitment:

 Distractions: Overcommitting ourselves to numerous activities and obligations can leave

us feeling overwhelmed and drained, making it difficult to focus on loving God and our
neighbors.

 Solution: Prioritize tasks and commitments, learn to say no when necessary, and carve
out time for prayer, rest, and meaningful interactions with others.

5. Internal Distractions:

 Distractions: Inner struggles such as anxiety, worry, or self-doubt can consume our
thoughts and emotions, making it challenging to extend love and compassion to others.

 Solution: Practice mindfulness and self-awareness, engage in regular prayer and

reflection, and seek support from spiritual mentors or counselors to address internal
distractions.

6. Spiritual Dryness:

 Distractions: Periods of spiritual dryness or desolation can dampen our enthusiasm for
loving God and others, leading to feelings of apathy or indifference.

 Solution: Persevere in prayer, trust in God's faithfulness even in difficult times, and seek
out spiritual practices that reignite our love and passion for God and neighbor.
Moral Virtues:

Infused moral virtues are virtues that are infused into the soul by God's grace, similar to theological
virtues. These virtues are distinct from acquired moral virtues, which are developed through human
effort and practice. While acquired moral virtues are cultivated through education, training, and
habituation, infused moral virtues are gifts from God that enable individuals to act in accordance with
reason and virtue in a supernatural way. Moral virtues guide our faculties in how to act in accordance
with reason and right conscience.

Key aspects of infused moral virtues from the Catholic perspective include:

1. Supernatural Infusion: Infused moral virtues are supernatural gifts from God, bestowed upon
the soul along with sanctifying grace. They elevate and perfect the natural faculties of the
human person, enabling them to act in a manner that is supernaturally pleasing to God.

2. Accompanying Sanctifying Grace: Infused moral virtues always accompany sanctifying grace and
are infused together with grace into the soul. They contribute to the transformation of the
individual's moral character and disposition, leading them towards virtuous behavior and
actions.

3. Operative Habits: Infused moral virtues are operative habits infused into the faculties of the
soul, similar to theological virtues. They empower individuals to act in accordance with the
moral law and the teachings of the Catholic Church, guiding them towards what is morally good
and just.

4. Distinct from Acquired Virtues: Infused moral virtues are specifically distinct from acquired
moral virtues, which are developed through human effort and practice. While acquired virtues
rely on human initiative and cultivation, infused virtues are a result of God's grace working
within the soul.

5. Supernatural in Essence: Infused moral virtues are supernatural in their essence, as they are
gifts from God that enable individuals to participate in the divine life. They elevate human
nature and enable individuals to strive for holiness and perfection in imitation of Christ.

Examples of infused moral virtues include supernatural prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance.
These virtues empower individuals to act with wisdom, fairness, courage, and self-control in accordance
with God's will and the teachings of the Catholic Church. Through the cultivation of infused moral
virtues, individuals are enabled to live virtuous and morally upright lives, guided by the grace of God and
the promptings of the Holy Spirit.
Infused Moral Virtue of Prudence

 Signs of a Weak Infused Virtue of Prudence

A weak infused moral virtue of prudence can manifest in various ways, hindering an individual's ability
to make wise and morally upright decisions.

1. Impulsiveness and Rashness:

 Signs: Making decisions hastily without considering the consequences or seeking wise
counsel.

 Biblical Support: "The simple believes everything, but the prudent gives thought to his
steps." - Proverbs 14:15 (ESV)

 Saintly Teaching: Saint Thomas Aquinas emphasized the importance of prudence as the
"charioteer of virtues," guiding and directing them towards the good.

2. Lack of Deliberation and Discernment:

 Signs: Failing to carefully deliberate and discern the best course of action before making
decisions.

 Magisterial Teaching: The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1806) teaches that
prudence is the virtue that "disposes practical reason to discern our true good in every
circumstance and to choose the right means of achieving it."

 Saintly Example: Saint Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuits, emphasized the
importance of discernment in making decisions, urging individuals to seek God's will
through prayer and reflection.

3. Inability to Anticipate Consequences:

 Signs: Ignoring or failing to anticipate the potential consequences of one's actions.

 Papal Teaching: Pope Benedict XVI, in his encyclical "Spe Salvi," highlighted the role of
prudence in guiding individuals towards actions that contribute to the common good
and build a more just society.

 Biblical Support: "The prudent sees danger and hides himself, but the simple go on and
suffer for it." - Proverbs 22:3 (ESV)

4. Neglect of Counsel and Guidance:

 Signs: Disregarding the advice and guidance of others, especially those with wisdom and
experience.

 Saintly Wisdom: Saint Francis de Sales emphasized the importance of seeking counsel in
decision-making, stating, "Consult not your fears but your hopes and your dreams. Think
not about your frustrations, but about your unfulfilled potential."
 5. Failure to Learn from Past Mistakes:

 Signs: Repeating the same mistakes or errors in judgment without learning from past
experiences.

 Magisterial Teaching: The Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church emphasizes
the role of prudence in learning from history and past experiences to guide present
actions towards the common good.

 What is Infused Moral Virtue of Prudence?

The infused moral virtue of prudence is a supernatural gift from God that enables individuals to make
wise and morally upright decisions in accordance with divine wisdom and the teachings of the Catholic
Church.:

1. Definition and Nature:

 Infused prudence is a supernatural virtue infused into the soul by God's grace, enabling
individuals to discern the true good in every circumstance and to choose the right
means of achieving it.

 Biblical Support: "Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and do not lean on your own
understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make straight your paths."
- Proverbs 3:5-6 (ESV)

2. Guidance of Reason and Faith:

 Infused prudence integrates reason and faith, allowing individuals to discern God's will
and make decisions in accordance with divine wisdom.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Thomas Aquinas described prudence as the "charioteer of

virtues," guiding and directing them towards the good.

 Magisterial Teaching: The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1806) teaches that
prudence "disposes practical reason to discern our true good in every circumstance and
to choose the right means of achieving it."

3. Ordering of Actions:

 Infused prudence orders and directs human actions towards virtue and the common
good, enabling individuals to judge rightly and to act with foresight and sound
judgment.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Benedict XVI, in his encyclical "Caritas in Veritate," emphasized
the importance of prudence in economic and social matters, guiding individuals and
societies towards justice and solidarity.
 4. Complementary to Other Virtues:

 Infused prudence works in harmony with other theological and moral virtues, guiding
individuals in the exercise of justice, fortitude, temperance, and charity.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope John Paul II, in his encyclical "Veritatis Splendor," highlighted the
role of prudence in moral decision-making, ensuring that actions are in accordance with
the moral law and the teachings of the Church.

5. Manifestation in Virtuous Behavior:

 Infused prudence is manifested through virtuous behavior and actions, inclining

individuals to act with moderation, wisdom, and discernment.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Francis de Sales emphasized the importance of prudence in

making decisions, urging individuals to seek God's will through prayer and reflection.

Infused prudence empowers individuals to go through the complexities of life with wisdom,
discernment, and sound judgment, leading them towards lives of holiness, integrity, and virtue. Through
prayer, reflection, and reliance on God's grace, individuals can cultivate and nurture this supernatural
gift, allowing it to guide their actions and choices in accordance with divine wisdom and the teachings of
the Catholic Church.

 Distraction that can hinder the grow of the Infused virtue of Prudence.

Here are some common distractions that can hinder individuals from living out the infused virtue of
prudence, leading them away from making wise and morally upright decisions in accordance with divine
wisdom.

1. Worldly Temptations:

 Distraction: The allure of material possessions, wealth, and worldly success can lead
individuals away from prudent decision-making rooted in virtue and spiritual values.

 Biblical Support: "Do not love the world or the things in the world. If anyone loves the
world, the love of the Father is not in him." - 1 John 2:15 (ESV)

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Francis, in his encyclical "Laudato Si'," warned against the dangers
of consumerism and materialism, which can distract individuals from pursuing the true
good and the common good.

2. Peer Pressure:

 Distraction: The desire to conform to societal norms or to please others can lead
individuals to make imprudent decisions that compromise their moral values and
integrity.
  Teaching of Saints: Saint John Bosco encouraged young people to be guided by
prudence and virtue, even in the face of peer pressure and social influences.

 Magisterial Teaching: The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1806) emphasizes the
importance of prudence in discerning the true good and resisting pressures that lead to
moral compromise.

3. Digital Distractions:

 Distraction: Excessive use of technology, social media, and digital entertainment can
distract individuals from reflecting on their choices and making prudent decisions in
alignment with virtue.

 Biblical Support: "But I discipline my body and keep it under control, lest after preaching
to others I myself should be disqualified." - 1 Corinthians 9:27 (ESV)

 Papal Teaching: Pope Benedict XVI, in his message for World Communications Day,
urged individuals to use digital media responsibly and discerningly, avoiding distractions
that detract from moral discernment and spiritual growth.

4. Temporal Concerns:

 Distraction: Preoccupation with temporal concerns such as career advancement,

financial security, or personal ambitions can divert individuals from prioritizing spiritual
values and the pursuit of the common good.

 Magisterial Teaching: The Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church emphasizes
the importance of prudence in economic and social matters, guiding individuals and
societies towards justice and solidarity.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Leo XIII, in his encyclical "Rerum Novarum," highlighted the role
of prudence in promoting social justice and the rights of workers, urging individuals to
seek the common good above personal gain.

Infused Moral Virtue of Justice

A weak infused moral virtue of justice can manifest in various ways, hindering an individual's ability to
give to others what is due to them and to act in accordance with the moral law. Here are some signs:

1. Selfishness and Greed:

 Signs: Prioritizing one's own interests and desires over the rights and needs of others,
leading to exploitation or neglect of the vulnerable.

 Biblical Support: "Do nothing from selfish ambition or conceit, but in humility count
others more significant than yourselves." - Philippians 2:3 (ESV)
  Teachings of Saints: Saint Mother Teresa emphasized the importance of selflessness and
compassion in serving others, reflecting the virtue of justice.

2. Injustice and Oppression:

 Signs: Participating in or tolerating systems or practices that perpetuate injustice,

inequality, or discrimination against certain individuals or groups.

 Magisterial Teaching: The Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church emphasizes
the duty of justice in promoting the common good and defending the rights and dignity
of every human person.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Francis, in his encyclical "Laudato Si'," highlighted the
interconnectedness of social justice and environmental justice, urging individuals to
address systemic injustices that harm both people and the planet.

3. Lack of Respect for Human Dignity:

 Signs: Disregarding or violating the inherent dignity and rights of others, treating them
as mere objects or means to an end.

 Biblical Support: "And as you wish that others would do to you, do so to them." - Luke
6:31 (ESV)

 Papal Encyclical: Pope John Paul II, in his encyclical "Centesimus Annus," emphasized the
importance of respecting human dignity and promoting justice in economic and social
relationships.

4. Indifference to the Common Good:

 Signs: Prioritizing personal gain or comfort at the expense of the common good,
neglecting one's responsibilities towards society and the well-being of others.

 Magisterial Teaching: The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1928) teaches that
"the common good consists of three essential elements: respect for and promotion of
the fundamental rights of the person, prosperity or the development of the spiritual and
temporal goods of society, and the peace and security of the group and of its members."

 Teachings of Saints: Saint John Paul II emphasized the importance of solidarity and
subsidiarity in promoting the common good and building a just society.

5. Unfair Treatment and Deception:

 Signs: Engaging in dishonesty, deceit, or manipulation in dealings with others, failing to

uphold principles of fairness, honesty, and integrity.

 Biblical Support: "Let no corrupting talk come out of your mouths, but only such as is
good for building up, as fits the occasion, that it may give grace to those who hear." -
Ephesians 4:29 (ESV)
What is Infused Moral Virtue of Justice?

1. Definition and Nature:

 Infused justice is a supernatural virtue infused into the soul by God's grace, enabling
individuals to render to each person their due and to uphold principles of fairness,
equity, and righteousness.

 Biblical Support: "He has told you, O man, what is good; and what does the Lord require
of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?" -
Micah 6:8 (ESV)

 Papal Encyclical: Pope John Paul II, in his encyclical "Sollicitudo Rei Socialis," emphasized
the importance of justice in promoting the dignity and rights of every human person.

2. Respect for Human Dignity:

 Infused justice calls individuals to respect the inherent dignity and rights of every human
person, regardless of race, gender, or social status.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Mother Teresa dedicated her life to serving the poorest of the
poor, exemplifying the virtue of justice in action by advocating for the marginalized and
vulnerable.

 Magisterial Teaching: The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1807) teaches that
justice consists in the firm and constant will to give to God and neighbor their due.

3. Promotion of the Common Good:

 Infused justice inclines individuals to work for the common good of society, fostering
conditions that promote the integral development and well-being of all.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Benedict XVI, in his encyclical "Caritas in Veritate," emphasized
the importance of justice in economic and social relationships, calling for a more just
and equitable distribution of resources.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Vincent de Paul dedicated his life to serving the poor and
marginalized, advocating for systemic changes to address poverty and inequality.

4. Fairness and Equity:

 Infused justice requires individuals to act with fairness, honesty, and integrity in all their
dealings, respecting the rights and responsibilities of others.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Paul VI, in his encyclical "Populorum Progressio," highlighted the
duty of justice in promoting development and solidarity among nations, urging
individuals to work for a more just and equitable world order.

 Biblical Support: "The Lord loves righteousness and justice; the earth is full of his
steadfast love." - Psalm 33:5 (ESV)
  Distractions in living out the Infused Virtue of Justice

Distractions can indeed hinder individuals from living out the infused moral virtue of justice, diverting
their attention away from the pursuit of fairness, equity, and righteousness. Here are some common
distractions, along with biblical supports and teachings of saints, magisterium, and popes:

1. Self-Interest and Greed:

 Distraction: Pursuing personal gain or material wealth at the expense of others' rights
and well-being, neglecting the call to act justly and uphold principles of fairness and
equity.

 Biblical Support: "Whoever loves money never has enough; whoever loves wealth is
never satisfied with their income. This too is meaningless." - Ecclesiastes 5:10 (NIV)

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Francis, in his encyclical "Laudato Si'," highlighted the dangers of
consumerism and materialism, which can distract individuals from the pursuit of justice
and solidarity.

2. Indifference to Injustice:

 Distraction: Turning a blind eye to injustice, oppression, or systemic inequalities, failing

to recognize and address the needs and rights of the marginalized and vulnerable.

 Magisterial Teaching: The Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church emphasizes
the duty of justice in promoting the common good and defending the rights and dignity
of every human person.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Oscar Romero, the martyred Archbishop of San Salvador,
courageously spoke out against social injustices and advocated for the rights of the poor
and oppressed.

3. Complacency and Apathy:

 Distraction: Becoming complacent or apathetic towards social issues and injustices,

failing to take action or speak up in defense of truth and righteousness.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Benedict XVI, in his encyclical "Caritas in Veritate," called for a
renewed commitment to social justice and solidarity, urging individuals to work for the
common good and promote integral human development.

 Biblical Support: "So whoever knows the right thing to do and fails to do it, for him it is
sin." - James 4:17 (ESV)

4. Excessive Busyness:

 Distraction: Allowing a hectic and busy lifestyle to consume one's time and energy,
leaving little room for reflection, prayer, and active engagement in works of justice and
charity.
  Teachings of Saints: Saint Teresa of Calcutta emphasized the importance of making time
for prayer and contemplation amidst the busyness of life, recognizing that true justice
flows from a deep union with God.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Paul VI, in his encyclical "Octogesima Adveniens," highlighted the
need for balance between action and contemplation in the pursuit of justice and social
transformation.

What is the infused moral Virtue of Fortitude?

The infused moral virtue of fortitude is a supernatural gift from God that enables individuals to endure
trials, persevere in the pursuit of virtue, and withstand temptation with courage and strength. Here's a
comprehensive understanding of this virtue, supported by biblical references, teachings of saints,
magisterium, and popes:

1. Definition and Nature:

 Fortitude is a moral virtue infused into the soul by God's grace, empowering individuals
to face difficulties and challenges with courage, resilience, and perseverance.

 Biblical Support: "Be strong and courageous. Do not fear or be in dread of them, for it is
the Lord your God who goes with you. He will not leave you or forsake you." -
Deuteronomy 31:6 (ESV)

 Magisterial Teaching: The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1808) defines fortitude
as the moral virtue that ensures firmness in difficulties and constancy in the pursuit of
the good.

2. Endurance in Trials:

 Fortitude enables individuals to endure physical, emotional, or spiritual trials with

steadfastness and trust in God's providence, even in the face of suffering or persecution.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint John Chrysostom, a Doctor of the Church, emphasized the
importance of fortitude in facing trials and tribulations, urging believers to persevere in
faith and virtue.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Saint John Paul II, in his encyclical "Redemptoris Missio,"
highlighted the courage of missionaries who endure hardships and dangers to spread
the Gospel, exemplifying the virtue of fortitude.

3. Perseverance in Virtue:

 Fortitude empowers individuals to persevere in the pursuit of virtue and holiness, even
when faced with obstacles, temptations, or setbacks.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Thomas Aquinas, a Doctor of the Church, identified fortitude
as the virtue that enables individuals to overcome obstacles to moral goodness and
pursue what is right and just.
  Papal Encyclical: Pope Benedict XVI, in his encyclical "Spe Salvi," emphasized the
importance of fortitude in the Christian life, particularly in enduring trials and
tribulations with hope and trust in God's promises.

4. Resistance to Temptation:

 Fortitude strengthens individuals to resist temptation and overcome the allure of sin,
enabling them to remain faithful to God's commandments and live virtuous lives.

 Biblical Support: "No temptation has overtaken you that is not common to man. God is
faithful, and he will not let you be tempted beyond your ability, but with the
temptation, he will also provide the way of escape, that you may be able to endure it." -
1 Corinthians 10:13 (ESV)

 Magisterial Teaching: The Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church

underscores the importance of fortitude in resisting the allure of evil and remaining
steadfast in the pursuit of moral goodness.

The infused moral virtue of fortitude, rooted in trust in God's grace and providence, enables individuals
to face trials, persevere in virtue, and resist temptation with courage and strength. By cultivating this
virtue through prayer, self-discipline, and reliance on God's grace, believers can navigate the challenges
of life with steadfastness and hope, drawing closer to the fulfillment of God's will and the attainment of
eternal happiness.

 Distractions in living out the Infused Virtue of Fortitude

Distractions can indeed hinder individuals from living out the infused moral virtue of fortitude, diverting
their focus and weakening their resolve to endure trials and persevere in virtue. Here are some common
distractions, along with biblical supports and teachings of saints, magisterium, and popes:

1. Fear of Failure or Rejection:

 Distraction: Allowing the fear of failure, rejection, or criticism to deter individuals from
taking risks or facing challenges with courage and resilience.

 Biblical Support: "For God gave us a spirit not of fear but of power and love and self-
control." - 2 Timothy 1:7 (ESV)

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Padre Pio, renowned for his fortitude in bearing physical
sufferings and spiritual trials, encouraged believers to trust in God's strength and
providence, rather than giving in to fear.

2. Overemphasis on Comfort and Security:

 Distraction: Prioritizing comfort, security, and self-preservation over the call to embrace
difficulties and sacrifices for the sake of virtue and righteousness.
  Papal Encyclical: Pope Saint John Paul II, in his encyclical "Veritatis Splendor," warned
against the dangers of moral relativism and the temptation to seek comfort and
convenience at the expense of moral integrity and fortitude.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuits, emphasized the
importance of embracing discomfort and challenges as opportunities for spiritual
growth and strengthening of fortitude.

3. Excessive Attachment to Pleasure and Sensual Gratification:

 Distraction: Succumbing to the allure of pleasure, entertainment, and sensual

gratification, which can weaken the resolve to endure hardships and persevere in the
pursuit of virtue.

 Biblical Support: "But put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh,
to gratify its desires." - Romans 13:14 (ESV)

 Magisterial Teaching: The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1809) warns against
the dangers of hedonism and excessive attachment to pleasure, which can undermine
the virtue of fortitude and weaken moral character.

4. Peer Pressure and Social Expectations:

 Distraction: Yielding to peer pressure or societal expectations that discourage

individuals from standing firm in their convictions, resisting temptation, and living
according to moral principles.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Maximilian Kolbe, who courageously sacrificed his life to save
a fellow prisoner in Auschwitz, exemplified fortitude in the face of peer pressure and
persecution.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Benedict XVI, in his encyclical "Caritas in Veritate," emphasized
the importance of fortitude in resisting the cultural currents that undermine human
dignity and moral values.

 Infused Moral Virtue of Temperance

Signs of a weak infused moral virtue of temperance may manifest in various ways, hindering an
individual's ability to moderate their desires and appetites in accordance with reason and virtue. Here
are some signs, along with biblical supports and teachings of saints, magisterium, and popes:

1. Excessive Indulgence in Pleasure:

 Signs: Engaging in excessive consumption of food, drink, or other sensual pleasures

beyond what is necessary or reasonable, leading to gluttony or intemperance.

 Biblical Support: "Do not join those who drink too much wine or gorge themselves on
meat, for drunkards and gluttons become poor, and drowsiness clothes them in rags." -
Proverbs 23:20-21 (NIV)
  Magisterial Teaching: The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1809) warns against
the vice of gluttony, which arises from the lack of temperance in the enjoyment of food
and drink.

2. Lack of Self-Control:

 Signs: Difficulty in controlling impulses, desires, or emotions, leading to impulsive

behavior, outbursts of anger, or indulgence in sinful activities.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Augustine, in his "Confessions," reflected on his struggles with
intemperance and the importance of cultivating self-control through prayer, discipline,
and reliance on God's grace.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Saint John Paul II, in his encyclical "Veritatis Splendor,"
emphasized the importance of temperance in moderating desires and passions,
enabling individuals to live virtuously and in harmony with God's will.

3. Addiction or Dependency:

 Signs: Developing an addiction or dependency on substances, such as alcohol, drugs, or

gambling, which undermines self-control and moral autonomy.

 Biblical Support: "I have the right to do anything," you say—but not everything is
beneficial. "I have the right to do anything"—but I will not be mastered by anything." - 1
Corinthians 6:12 (NIV)

 Magisterial Teaching: The Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church recognizes
the harmful effects of addiction on individuals and society, emphasizing the need for
temperance in overcoming such vices.

4. Disordered Attachment to Material Goods:

 Signs: Obsessive pursuit of wealth, possessions, or material pleasures, leading to greed,

envy, or covetousness, and neglect of spiritual or moral goods.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Francis of Assisi, who embraced poverty and simplicity as
virtues of temperance, exemplified detachment from material possessions and
attachment to spiritual riches.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Francis, in his encyclical "Laudato Si'," highlighted the link
between consumerism, environmental degradation, and the lack of temperance in the
use of material resources.

 What is the Infused Moral Virtue of Temperance

 Definition and Nature:

  Temperance is a moral virtue infused into the soul by God's grace, empowering
individuals to control their passions and appetites, particularly in relation to pleasure
and sensuality.

 Biblical Support: "But I discipline my body and keep it under control, lest after preaching
to others I myself should be disqualified." - 1 Corinthians 9:27 (ESV)

 Magisterial Teaching: The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1809) defines
temperance as the moral virtue that moderates the attraction of pleasures and provides
balance in the use of created goods.

 Moderation in Pleasure:

 Temperance enables individuals to enjoy legitimate pleasures in moderation, avoiding

excess and imbalance in the pursuit of sensual gratification.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Thomas Aquinas, a Doctor of the Church, emphasized the
importance of temperance in controlling desires and appetites, guiding them towards
virtuous ends.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Saint John Paul II, in his encyclical "Veritatis Splendor,"
highlighted the role of temperance in achieving balance and harmony in the pursuit of
happiness and fulfillment.

 Self-Discipline and Self-Control:

 Temperance fosters self-discipline and self-control, enabling individuals to resist

temptations and impulses that lead to sinful behavior or excess.

 Biblical Support: "For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation for all people,
training us to renounce ungodliness and worldly passions, and to live self-controlled,
upright, and godly lives in the present age." - Titus 2:11-12 (ESV)

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Teresa of Ávila, a Doctor of the Church, emphasized the
importance of self-discipline and detachment from worldly pleasures in the pursuit of
holiness and spiritual perfection.

 Balance in Use of Created Goods:

 Temperance guides individuals in the proper use of material goods and resources,
promoting stewardship, simplicity, and detachment from worldly possessions.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Benedict XVI, in his encyclical "Caritas in Veritate," underscored
the importance of temperance in overcoming consumerism and materialism, fostering
solidarity and justice in society.

 Distractions to living out the Infused Moral Virtue of Temperance.

Distractions can indeed hinder individuals from living out the infused moral virtue of temperance
leading them away from moderation and self-control in their desires and appetites. Here are some
common distractions, along with biblical supports and teachings of saints, magisterium, and popes:

1. Excessive Indulgence in Pleasure:

 Distraction: Succumbing to the allure of worldly pleasures and sensual gratification,

leading to overindulgence in food, drink, entertainment, or other material comforts.

 Biblical Support: "For everything in the world—the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes,
and the pride of life—comes not from the Father but from the world." - 1 John 2:16
(NIV)

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Augustine, who struggled with intemperance before his
conversion, emphasized the importance of temperance in moderating desires and
appetites.

2. Peer Pressure and Social Norms:

 Distraction: Yielding to societal pressures or peer influence that promote excessive

consumption, indulgence, or participation in activities contrary to temperance.

 Magisterial Teaching: The Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church warns
against the negative influence of consumer culture and the pursuit of pleasure at the
expense of temperance and moral virtue.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Saint John Paul II, in his encyclical "Evangelium Vitae," denounced
the culture of death, which promotes hedonism and the devaluation of human life and
dignity.

3. Addiction or Dependency:

 Distraction: Falling into addiction or dependency on substances, such as alcohol, drugs,

or gambling, which impair judgment and undermine the practice of temperance.

 Teachings of Saints: Saint Maximilian Kolbe, who advocated for temperance and
sobriety, emphasized the need to break free from addictive behaviors and pursue
spiritual freedom.

 Papal Encyclical: Pope Francis, in his encyclical "Laudato Si'," addressed the
interconnectedness of addiction, environmental degradation, and the loss of
temperance in the pursuit of pleasure and material gain.

4. Consumerism and Materialism:

 Distraction: Succumbing to the consumerist mindset that equates happiness and

fulfillment with material possessions and excessive consumption, leading to neglect of
temperance and spiritual values.

 Biblical Support: "But godliness with contentment is great gain." - 1 Timothy 6:6 (NIV)
 Teachings of Saints: Saint Francis of Assisi, who embraced poverty and simplicity as
virtues of temperance, lived a life of detachment from material wealth and possessions.