A Review Paper on Photovoltaic Thermal Water Source Heat

Pumps in Yangtze River Economic Belt: Research Findings

and Policy Implications
Kim Benedict T. Aguilar, Gian Carlo M. Bongcales, Mechanical Engineering Department,
College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology, De La Salle University -
Dasmariñas, DBB-B, 4115 West Ave, Dasmariñas, Cavite

Abstract
In the context of achieving carbon neutrality, harnessing renewable energy resources plays a
pivotal role in enhancing China's development indicators. Specifically, in the Yangtze River
Economic Belt, the utilization of solar energy and river water as clean and abundant renewable
energy sources has gained significant attention. This study introduces a model based on TRNSYS
that employs solar energy and river water to create a cogeneration system, supplying users with
heat, cooling, and electricity.
Six representative cities located at different points along the Yangtze River Economic Belt were
selected to assess and analyze the energy-saving, emission-reducing, economic, and environmental
benefits of employing solar energy and river water for heating purposes, taking into consideration
aspects such as energy, economy, and the environment. The results indicate that the annual power
output of the PV/T-GSHP system exhibits a phased growth pattern from west to east along the
Yangtze River, closely related to light intensity. Conversely, the annual heat output of the PV/T plate
gradually decreases from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River to the upper reaches.
These research findings affirm the potential for implementing new energy sources in the Yangtze
River Economic Belt and quantifying the emission reduction benefits of environmentally friendly
initiatives like solar energy and river water heat sources. The study offers valuable insights for the
adoption of new energy sources, including solar energy and surface water heat energy, in the
Yangtze River Economic Belt, as well as for optimizing energy policies.
 IMPACT OF THE STUDY

Significance of the Study's Findings:

The paper's findings are of substantial importance in addressing global concerns such as global
warming, environmental degradation, and escalating energy consumption. As the demand for
heating, cooling, and electricity continues to rise, especially in buildings, this study highlights the
critical role played by renewable energy sources in achieving energy efficiency and emission
reduction. It sheds light on the pressing challenges faced by the energy and environmental
systems, emphasizing the need for transition to renewable energy to meet international climate
goals, such as those outlined in the Paris Agreement.

Practical Implications of the Research:

The theoretical evaluation of Photovoltaic Thermal Water Source Heat Pumps carries significant
real-world implications. By proposing a multi-source heat pump system driven by solar and surface
water, this research offers a viable solution for meeting the energy needs of buildings in the
Yangtze River Economic Belt, particularly in regions characterized by a "cold" and "hot summer and
cold winter" climate. The system's design, which combines solar power generation with water
source heat pump cooling/heating, has the potential to substantially reduce energy consumption
and greenhouse gas emissions in buildings. This approach aligns with China's national strategy of
promoting green development and renewable energy to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.

Benefits and Drawbacks of Implementing the Technology:

Implementing the technology discussed in the paper presents both benefits and challenges. The
advantages include energy efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and improved indoor and
urban environments. However, there are limitations, such as the intermittent nature of solar
energy and regional suitability due to specific factors like resources, geography, policies, and
economic conditions. The cost of replacing conventional energy sources with renewable energy
technologies, especially in low-income areas, is a significant consideration. Thus, the practical
implementation of this technology requires careful consideration of these factors.

Contribution to the Field of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology:

This study significantly advances our understanding of renewable energy applications and
sustainable technology, particularly in the context of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China. By
developing a TRNSYS-based model for a multi-source heat pump system that integrates solar
energy and surface water, it provides a comprehensive approach to address energy demands in the
region. The research's quantitative analysis of energy efficiency, economic impact, and
environmental benefits contributes valuable insights. It also aligns with China's ambitious
environmental goals and offers technical, economic, and environmental guidance for the
implementation of renewable energy systems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
 RELEVANCE TO YOU AS AN ENGINEER

Renewable Energy Integration: Engineers are instrumental in the development and

implementation of sustainable energy solutions. This research spotlights the seamless integration
of renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic and water source heat pumps. Engineers
can glean valuable insights on how to design and optimize systems that efficiently harness clean,
abundant energy sources, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.
Energy Efficiency: One of the primary challenges in engineering is enhancing energy efficiency. This
study provides a deep dive into the efficient utilization of energy for heating, cooling, and
electricity generation. Engineers can leverage these findings to improve the energy efficiency of
buildings, industrial processes, and other applications, ultimately reducing energy consumption
and the associated costs.
Environmental Impact: Environmental concerns are paramount in the engineering realm. The
paper explores how the technology discussed can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
mitigate environmental impact. Engineers need to be well-informed about these aspects to make
ecologically responsible decisions and design eco-friendly solutions that align with sustainability
goals.
Policy Implications: The study delves into the policy implications of adopting renewable energy
solutions. Engineers are increasingly required to navigate a complex regulatory landscape that
influences project implementation. Understanding the policy incentives and constraints related to
sustainable technologies is essential for ensuring successful project outcomes.
Technological Innovation: Engineers are frequently at the vanguard of technological innovation.
This paper introduces an innovative approach to renewable energy utilization by combining
photovoltaic and water source heat pumps. This groundbreaking technology showcases the
potential for engineers to devise new, more efficient systems that can significantly contribute to
environmental sustainability.
Climate Goals: The research scrutinizes the pressing issue of achieving global climate goals, such as
those articulated in the Paris Agreement. Engineers have a pivotal role to play in formulating
solutions that facilitate the transition to a low-carbon future. The paper's findings align with these
overarching climate objectives and provide engineers with guidance on designing projects that
contribute to a greener world.
Sustainable Development: Sustainable engineering practices are vital for long-term economic and
environmental viability. This paper offers engineers a wealth of insights into sustainable
technology, equipping them to craft solutions that promote sustainable development. The
integration of renewable energy sources and the efficient use of these resources are at the core of
sustainable engineering, and this study provides valuable insights into these aspects.
 RESEARCH GAP

Socio-cultural Dynamics: How do the deeply ingrained socio-cultural factors specific to the Yangtze
River Economic Belt affect the acceptance and utilization of Photovoltaic Thermal Water Source
Heat Pumps? Understanding cultural norms, beliefs, and practices related to energy consumption
and conservation is imperative in developing effective strategies for technology adoption.

Behavioral Barriers and Drivers: What are the key behavioral barriers and drivers that influence
local businesses and households in adopting this technology? Investigating the behavioral aspects,
such as perceptions, motivations, and decision-making processes, can provide critical insights into
designing targeted intervention programs to boost adoption rates.

Policy Landscape: How do regional policies and regulations align with the deployment of
renewable energy technologies, and what policy adjustments are required to catalyze the
widespread use of Photovoltaic Thermal Water Source Heat Pumps? This line of inquiry is vital for
identifying and rectifying policy bottlenecks that might hinder the technology's growth and its
alignment with broader sustainable development goals.
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School of Government, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210033, China Sustainability 2023, 15(18),
13638. Theoretical Evaluation of Photovoltaic Thermal Water Source Heat Pump, Application
Potential and Policy Implications: Evidence from Yangtze River Economic Belt, China
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