ENSA Tetouan

2AP1
Dr. Sawsan Malla Hussein

The Present Simple

Form: verb(s)

Watch, wash, pass, buzz, fix, go + es

Studyies

Auxiliary: do / don’t - does / doesn’t

Use:

1. He goes to school every day.

2. She always watches TV after dinner.
3. Water boils at 100 C.
We use the Present Simple to talk about habits and general facts.
⮚ We can use the Present Simple with adverbs like: always, usually, often, sometimes,
rarely, occasionally, seldom, never, every…, once/twice/ three times a…

The Present Continuous

Form: am/is/are + verbing

Aux: am/is/are am not/isn’t/aren’t

Use:

1. We are studying English at the moment.

2. Carol is thinking about her mother now.
⮚ We use the Present Continuous to describe actions in progress at the moment of
speaking.
⮚ We use the Present Continuous with adverbs like: now, at the moment, at the
present moment, right now, presently, and currently.

The Past Simple

Form: verb (reg.: opened)

(irreg.: find - found)

Auxiliary: did / didn’t

Use:

1. They didn’t go to school yesterday.

2. Did you visit your grandparents last weekend?

3. Hassan II died in 1999.

4. We went to Ifrane two years ago.

⮚ We use the Past Simple to talk about a definite time in the past.
⮚ We can use the Past Simple with expressions like: yesterday, last…, …ago and
dates.

The Past Continuous

Form: was / were + verbing

Auxiliary: was / were wasn’t / weren’t

Use:

1. Yesterday morning at 10 o’clock, we were studying English.

2. When my sister was sleeping, the telephone rang.

3. While my father was reading a book, I was playing video games.

The Present Perfect Simple

Form: have / has Past Participle

reg. opened irreg. go: gone

Auxiliary: have / has - haven’t / hasn’t

Use:

1. He wrote two books last year. (Definite time)

 2. He has written many books. (Indefinite time)

/// //////
1. My father has just arrived home.
2. We have already finished the exercise.
3. Have you done your homework yet?
4. She hasn’t done her homework yet.
5. Have you ever tried Sushi?
6. I have never driven a car.
7. She has lived in Tangiers for 3 years.
8. She has lived in Tangiers since 2010.
9. So far/Up to now we have studied five tenses.

We use The Present Perfect Simple to refer to an indefinite time in the past.

The Present Perfect Continuous

Form: have / has been verbing

Auxiliary: have/has haven’t /hasn’t been

Use:

1. He has waited for her since 7 p.m.

2. He has been waiting for her since 7 p.m.

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to emphasize the duration of an action.

The Past Perfect Simple

Form: had Past Participle

reg. opened irreg. go: gone

Auxiliary: had / hadn’t

Use:

1. When he woke up, his parents had already had breakfast.

2. Before they started the game, it had started to rain.
3. By the time we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
4. After she had done the shopping, she helped her mother.
 5. As soon as they had seen the police, they ran away.
6. My grandfather had stayed in hospital until he passed away.

The Future Simple

Form: will verb

will play

Auxiliary: will = ’ll / will not = won’t

Use:

1. Brazil will organize the FIFA World Cup in 2014.

2. Tomorrow we’ll have a quiz.
3. My father will come back from Mecca next Monday.
4. John and Peter will watch a horror movie tonight.

We use the Future Simple to describe an action that will START at a certain time in the
future.

The Future Continuous

Form: will be verbing

will be playing

Aux: will be = ’ll be / will not be = won’t be

Use:

1. Tomorrow morning at 10 a.m. we’ll be having a quiz.

2. John and Peter will be watching a horror movie tonight at 11 o’clock.

We use the Future Continuous to describe an action that will BE IN PROGRESS at a

certain time in the future.

The Future Perfect

Form: will have Past Participle

will have played/will have gone

Auxiliary: will have = ’ll have

will not have = won’t have

Use:

1. Russia will have organized the FIFA World Cup by 2019.

2. By next Monday we’ll have had a quiz.
3. My father will have come back from Mecca in four days time.
4. This time next year, John and Ana will have obtained their diploma.

We use the Future Perfect to describe an action that will be COMPLETED at a certain
time in the future.
 CONDITIONAL TYPE 1

Form: condition (if clause) + result (what is said in the condition is possible)

If + present + future

If he works hard, he will succeed.

CONDITIONAL TYPE 2

Form: condition (if clause) + result (what is said in the condition is unreal, imaginary or
improbable)

If + past simple + would+verb

1. He isn’t a bird so he can’t fly.

⮚ If he were a bird, he could/would fly.
2. He isn’t in class because he is sick.
⮚ If he weren’t sick, he would be in class.
3. He doesn’t have a lot of money so he can’t buy a new car.
⮚ If he had a lot of money, he would/could buy a new car.

CONDITIONAL TYPE 3

Form: condition (if clause) + result (what is said in the condition is impossible because it
implies changing what has already happened)

If + past perfect + would have + past participle

1. He didn’t work hard so he didn’t succeed.

⮚ If he had worked hard, he would have succeeded.
2. He didn’t go to school because he was sick.
⮚ If he hadn’t been sick, he would have gone to school.
3. John had an accident because he was drunk.
⮚ If John hadn’t been drunk, he wouldn’t have had an accident.
4. They missed the bus so they arrived very late.
⮚ If they hadn’t missed the bus, they wouldn’t have arrived late.