N DT Abstracts
52385 Liejun, H.; Bozhen, C.
Numerical modeling of the surface crack problem in welded
connections
9th International Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation in the
Nuclear Industry, Tokyo (Japan), 25-28 Apr. 1988, pp. 667-672.
Edited by K. lida, J.E. Doherty and X. Edelmann. ASM (1988)
The application of the improved direct finite element method to the
numerical modelling of the surface crack for three typical welded
connections: butt welded connection, lap welded connection and T-shaped
welded connection are performed.
52383 Z/tang, 1.X.; Shi, Y. W.; Tu, M.J.
The study on fully plastic solution of welded center-cracked
strip for plane stress problem
9th International Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation in the
Nuclear Industry, Tokyo (Japan), 25-28 Apr. 1988, pp. 679-683.
Edited by K. Iida, J.E. Doherty and X. Edelmann. ASM (1988)
The fully plastic plane stress solution of elastic-plastic fracture
mechanics parameters such as the J-integral, the load-point displacement
and the crack opening displacement was computed for the welded
center-cracked specimens in monotonically loading in tension with the fully
plastic finite element method.
52262 Hill, R.; Geng, R.S.; Cowking, A.
Acoustic and electromagnetic Barkhausen emission from iron
and steel: application of the technique to weld quality
assessment and NDE
British Journal of Non-Destructive Testing, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 225-
231 (May 1993)
As a ferromagnetic material is taken round the hysteresis loop from
saturation to saturation, the discontinuous motion of domain walls results in
Acoustic Barkhausen Emission (ABE) and Electromagnetic Barkhausen
Emission (EBE). Measurements are reported on a mild carbon steel and
plates made from EN43A carbon steel. ABE is found to be more difficult to
measure due to the fact that it is magnetostrictive in origin and steel has
relatively low magnetostrictive coefficients. The EBE envelope has been
characterised using a number of parameters which describe the shape of the
envelope. Using the parameters, a .5-dimensional vector has been evaluated
which permits defective and defect-free welds to be differentiated.
52243 Ruud, C.O.; Josef, J.A.; Snoha. D.J.
Residual stress characterization of thick-plate weldments using
X-ray diffraction
Welding Journal, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 87-s-91-s (Mar. 1993)
The objective of this investigation was to measure the residual stress
field in a thick multipass weldment using x-ray diffraction (XRD)
techniques. The sample under study was a 13-in. (33-cm) thick, multipass,
V-groove butt joint weldment of 21/4-Cr I-MO steel plate. Nearly 10,000
stress measurements were performed on the weldment, producing over 72
plots of stress traverses, to provide the most thorough experimental analysis
of a weldment to date. The data indicate the complexity of the stress field in
thick multipass weldments and the magnitude of the difficulties to be faced
in developing numerical models for residual stresses in these weldments.
This paper is restricted to reporting and discussing the welding- induced
stress patterns on the rolled plate surface. It is these surfaces that are
normally exposed for crack initiation.
51872 Anon
Nondestructive evaluation of BWR internal attachment welds
Electric Power Research, Institute, Palo Alto, California (United
States), TR-101760,56pp. (Dec. 1992)
Nondestructive techniques are under development for evaluating the
condition of welds containing lnconel 182 that attach internal components to
BWR pressure vessels. Preliminary results indicate that, under good
conditions, cracking can be detected and accurately characterized.
5 1549 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha (Kanagawa, M.N.)
Method and apparatus having transversely offset eddy current
sensors for detecting defect in elongated metal strip joined by
way of welding
U.S. Patent No. 5, 146,163 (8 Sep. 1992)
A new device, described in this patent, can detect defects or cracks in
elongated metal strips used as belts and can distinguish such flaws from the
transversely welded joint where the strip ends meet. Transversely offset
eddy current sensors are used to produce a magnetic flux and detect eddy
currents thus generated in the metal strip so as to detect defects or cracks in
transverse portions of the belt. The second transverse portion is off-set from
the first but in the same axial position. Differences between signals from the
two Sensors are produced by an error signal generator as an error signal,
which is smaller when detecting the welded ends of the strip and larger for
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detecting flaws. A discriminator circuit compares the error signal to a
known predetermined threshold value for the belt weld so that defects and
cracks can be identified.
51521 Collins, R.; Michael, D.H.; Clark, R.
Measurement of crack depth in a transition weld using ACPD
Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation,
Brunswick, Maine (United States), 28 Jul. - 2 Aug. 1991. Vol. 1 IA,
pp. 545-552. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti. Plenum
Press (1992)
This paper is concerned with the application of the ACPD method to the
measurement of surface-breaking cracks at the interface between an
austenitic and a ferritic steel in a transition weld. The question of how to
interpret readings from an ACPD gauge used on a transition weld arose after
preliminary measurements had been made on specimens with spark-eroded
rectangular notches of different depths and of aspect ratio 2 at a range of
frequencies. The one-dimensional interpretation of voltage readings was
found to be inadequate, but sensible estimates of depth were nevertheless
obtained on the basis of a very simple theoretical model of the effect of the
discontinuity in material properties on the surface field measurements,
coupled with the application of a single correction factor for the effect of the
aspect ratio of the flaw. In furthering this work a specimen with a weld-
induced surface-breaking crack of higher aspect ratio was manufactured and
the construction of a more detailed model of the surface field which is being
explored in the measurements was put in hand in order that a rational
procedure for the correct interpretation of instrument readings could be
formulated. This paper compares test data obtained on the manufactured
crack with predictions of crack depth obtained from both the simple theory
and from the more elaborate models.
51517 Sharova, A.M.; Skryabina, G.I.; Magilinskii. A.P.
Suppressing interference in magnetographic inspection of
welded joints in hardening steels
Technical Diagnostics and Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 4. No. 2,
pp. 117-120 (1992)
The authors present the results of theoretical and experimental
investigations of magnetostatic fields in the heat affected zone of welded
joints in hardening steels and methods of protecting fields of defects against
interference caused by magnetic heterogeneities in the heat affected zone,
without reducing the sensitivity of magnetographic inspection using
different types of magnetic tape.
50961 Heping, H.
G-l three-dimension radiograph detector for inspecting depth
of weld defect
Non-Destructive Testing 92. Proceedings of the 13th World
Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Sao Paul0 (Brazil), 18-23
Oct. 1992, Vol. 1, pp. 610-614. Edited by C. Hallai and P. Kulcsar.
Elsevier (1992)
This paper presents a three-dimension radiograph detector for inspecting
the location of weld defects and their sizes, including spilly place, aircavity,
slag inclusion, uncomplete weld of edge joint. Confirmed by the actual
dissection of weld, the testing results show that the absolute error is less than
0.3 mm and the relative error less than 5%.
50956 Liu, F.-H.; Du, Y.-J.; Wang, B.; Liu, X.-J.
Three aspects ascertainment of interior defects in welded joints
of pressure vessels - an application of the technique of
3-dimensional radiographic detecting
Non-Destructive Testing 92. Proceedings of the 13th World
Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Sao Paulo (Brazil), 18-23
Oct. 1992, Vol. I, pp. 641-645. Edited by C. Hallai and P. Kulcsar.
Elsevier ( 1992)
Since welded seams of pressure vessels are generally rather narrow, for
the longitudinal weld the general formulas based on the technique of
stereoscopic radiography can be directly applied for determining the
location of the point defect. But for circular weld, owing to that films during
photo-taking are curved ones whereas they are to be made flat during
observation and measurement on a 3-dimensional detector, so some further
equations must be established so satisfy the relations between the
stereographic curved films and the assumed flat films and thereby to
determine the spatial point location for the defects in pressure vessels. With
these equations and by surveying of the point image of defects, coordinates
Z, X and Y can be determined and hence the real position of defects in
vessels. Ascertainment of point location of defects is the background for the
dimensional location and quantitative analysis of defects. Once ascertained,
such geometric parameters as depth of defects, height of defects themselves,
their orientation, size and spacing call all be determined consequently.