ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION (EC)

(EC 452 A )

PROF. O. P. VYAS
SYLLABUS

• Transducers: Construction, characteristics and circuits for common types

of resistive, capacitive, inductive, magneto-strictive; piezo-electric. Photo-
electric and thermo-electric transducers for measurement of process
physical variables. Various sensing elements and transducers for
measurement of Force, Pressure, Humidity, Moisture, strain, Velocity,
Acceleration and pH. Inductive and Capacitive proximity switches.
Physical and electrical loading of and by the transducer Systems.
SYLLABUS

• Signal Conditioning: Analog and digital signal conditioning for

instrumentation. Applications of OPAMP, A/D and D/A converters. Use of
microprocessors. Techniques of S/N ratio improvement, Methods of
shielding and grounding. Protection from RFI & EMI.
SYLLABUS

• Electronic Displays: Principle of LED numeric, matrix and alpha-numeric

displays, gas discharged plasma panels, flat panel CRT, LCD, electro-
luminescent and electrophoretic displays.
SYLLABUS

• Digital Instrumentation: Principle of operation of probes, logic monitors,

digital pulser and logic analyzer. Components of a digital universal
counter. Digital period; frequency and time interval measurement. Errors in
digital counter. High frequency measurement with digital counters.
Different types of integrating and non-integrating digital voltmeters and
multimeters, Errors and field applications of various digital voltmeters and
counters. Introduction to Digital oscilloscope. Elements of data acquisition
systems.
BOOKS

• 1. A. D. Helfrick and W. D. Cooper,

“Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques”,
PHI, 5th Edition, 2002.
• 2. H. S. Kalsi, “Electronic instrumentation”,
third edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
• 3. K. Lal Kishore,
“Electronic Measurements & Instrumentations”,
Pearson Education, 2009.
BOOKS

• 4. Ernest O Doebelin and Dhanesh N Manik,

“Measurement Systems Application and Design”,
TMH, 5th Edition, 2009.
• 5. Oliver and Cage,
“Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation”, TMH.
• 6. Robert A. Witte,
“Electronic Test Instruments, Analog and Digital Measurements”,
Pearson Education, 2nd Ed., 2004.
BOOKS

• 7. David A. Bell,
“Electronic Instrumentation & Measurements”,
PHI, 2nd Edition, 2003
• 8. A Course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and
Instrumentation A.K. Sawhney, Puneet Sawhney
Dhanpat rai & Co. (Pvt.) Ltd. 2012
• 9. Electrical and Electronics Measurements and Instrumentation
Prithwiraj Purkait
McGraw Hill Education 2013
BOOKS

• 10. Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation

R.S. Sedha
S Chand & Co Ltd 2013
• 11. Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation
Sandeep Joshi
College Book Centre 2008
E CONTENT

• NPTEL (by Professors from IITs and IISc)

• National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning. 3000+ unique
courses available for self study.
• https://ocw.mit.edu/ MIT OpenCourseWare is a web based publication of
virtually all MIT course content. OCW is open and available to the world
and is a permanent MIT activity.
E CONTENT

• USC (University of Southern California)

• UTD (University of Texas at Dallas)
• National Digital Library (https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/)
• Colarado University: www.colarado.edu
• And many more (if you find any good one, tell me also)
VARIOUS
STREAMS
• Select your choice
TOPIC

• Transducers: Construction, characteristics and circuits for common types of resistive,

capacitive, inductive, magneto-structive; piezo-electric. Photo-electric and thermo-electric
transducers for measurement of process physical variables. Various sensing elements and
transducers for measurement of Force, Pressure, Humidity, Moisture, strain, Velocity,
Acceleration and pH. Inductive and Capacitive proximity switches. Physical and electrical
loading of and by the transducer Systems.
SENSORS V/S TRANSDUCERS

• Process (Physical) Variables: the variables in process and production plants which
are to be measured. Examples:
Physical/mechanical Electrical
• Temperature Current
• Pressure Voltage
• Flow rate Power
And many more.
SENSORS V/S TRANSDUCERS

• a sensor will give an output in the same format and

• a transducer will convert the measurement into an electrical signal.
• The process of transforming signal from one form to other is called
transduction. In the field of electrical measurement, we define transducer as
a device which converts a physical quantity or physical condition into an
electrical signal.
• The electrical signal produced may be a voltage, current or frequency.
 TRANSDUCER

• A transducer consists of two

important and closely related parts:
• 1. Sensing element
• 2. Transduction element

• The transduction element

transforms the output of the
sensor to an electrical output, as
shown
SENSING ELEMENT:

• A device or component which responds to a physical phenomenon. This

response must be closely related to the physical phenomenon and also it
should not distort the physical effect which is to be measured (Loading).
Some transducers require more than one sensing element.
TRANSDUCTION ELEMENT:

• It will transform the response of a sensing element to an equivalent

electrical signal (voltage, current or frequency etc.).
SOME COMMON EXAMPLES

• 1. Float: will convert fluid level to displacement (Mech. To Mech.)

• 2. Bourdon tube: Pressure to displacement.
• 3. Spring: Force to displacement.
• 4. Thermocouple: Temperature to electric current.
• 5. Venturi: Velocity to pressure.
• 6. Turbines: Linear to angular velocity.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSDUCERS:

• It may be based on their application, method of energy conversion, nature

of signal output and so on.
But a major classification is:
• Active transducers (self generating)
• Passive transducers (externally powered)
THANKS
Prof. O P Vyas