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Cloud - Viva QnA
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Semester : 6
Branch : AI-DS/ML - Engineering
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As per Mumbai University Syllabus

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Cloud - Viva QnA 2

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Cloud Computing Viva Questions with Answers sem 6 AI-DS/ML

Q1: What is cloud computing?

A1: Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over the internet, including
storage, databases, networking, software, and more, to offer faster innovation, flexible
resources, and economies of scale.

Q2: Can you explain the origin of cloud computing?

A2: Cloud computing evolved from the concept of utility computing and the need for scalable
and efficient resource allocation, inspired by early mainframe and grid computing.

Q3: What is the Cloud Cube Model?

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A3: The Cloud Cube Model is a conceptual framework that illustrates the dimensions of
cloud computing, including service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS), deployment models (public,
private, hybrid, community), and essential characteristics (on-demand self-service, broad
network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, measured service).

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Q4: What is the NIST model in cloud computing?
A4: The NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) model provides a
standardized definition of cloud computing, describing essential characteristics, service
models, and deployment models to ensure interoperability and consistency in understanding
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cloud technologies.

Q5: What are the essential characteristics of cloud computing?

A5: The essential characteristics of cloud computing include on-demand self-service, broad
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network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service.

Q6: Explain the different deployment models in cloud computing.

A6: The different deployment models in cloud computing are public cloud, private cloud,
hybrid cloud, and community cloud, each offering unique levels of control, security, and
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scalability.

Q7: What are the service models in cloud computing?

A7: The service models in cloud computing are Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a
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Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), representing different layers of

abstraction and responsibility for users.
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Q8: What are the advantages of cloud computing?

A8: The advantages of cloud computing include cost efficiency, scalability, flexibility,
automatic updates, reliability, and accessibility from anywhere with an internet connection.

Q9: What are the disadvantages of cloud computing?

A9: The disadvantages of cloud computing may include concerns about data security and
privacy, dependency on internet connectivity, potential downtime, and limited customization
options compared to on-premises solutions.

Q10: How does cloud computing contribute to innovation and digital transformation?
A10: Cloud computing enables organizations to adopt new technologies faster, scale

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resources dynamically, and focus on innovation rather than managing infrastructure, driving
digital transformation and competitive advantage.

Q11: What is virtualization?

A11: Virtualization is the process of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of
something, such as a hardware platform, operating system, storage device, or network
resource.

Q12: What are the types of virtualization?

A12: Virtualization can be categorized into several types, including full virtualization,
para-virtualization, hardware-assisted virtualization, operating system-level virtualization,
and application virtualization.

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Q13: Explain full virtualization.
A13: Full virtualization involves running an unmodified guest operating system on a virtual
machine monitor (VMM) or hypervisor, which provides a complete virtual hardware

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environment to the guest operating system.

Q14: What is para-virtualization?

A14: Para-virtualization is a technique in which the guest operating system is modified to be
aware of the virtualization layer, allowing for more efficient communication between the
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guest and host systems.

Q15: Describe hardware-assisted virtualization.

A15: Hardware-assisted virtualization utilizes special CPU features, such as Intel VT-x or
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AMD-V, to improve the performance of virtualization by offloading certain tasks to the

hardware.

Q16: What is operating system-level virtualization?

A16: Operating system-level virtualization, also known as containerization, allows multiple
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isolated user space instances, or containers, to run on a single host operating system kernel.

Q17: Explain application virtualization.

A17: Application virtualization involves encapsulating software applications from the
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underlying operating system, allowing them to run in isolated environments without conflicts
with other applications.
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Q18: What are the structures of virtualization?

A18: The structures of virtualization include the virtual machine monitor (VMM) or hypervisor,
which controls and manages virtual machines, and the guest operating systems running
within the virtual machines.

Q19: What are the mechanisms of virtualization?

A19: The mechanisms of virtualization include binary translation, direct execution,
paravirtualization interfaces, and hardware-assisted virtualization technologies.

Q20: Compare VirtualBox and KVM based on various virtualization parameters.

A20: VirtualBox and KVM are both hosted hypervisors used for virtualization. VirtualBox is a

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type 2 or hosted hypervisor, while KVM is a type 1 or bare-metal hypervisor. VirtualBox is
known for its user-friendly interface and compatibility with various operating systems, while
KVM offers better performance and scalability for enterprise-level virtualization. KVM utilizes
hardware virtualization support for improved performance, whereas VirtualBox relies more
on software-based virtualization. Both hypervisors provide features such as snapshotting,
networking, and storage management, but the choice between them depends on specific
requirements, such as ease of use, performance, and integration with existing infrastructure.

Q21: What is a bare-metal hypervisor?

A21: A bare-metal hypervisor is a type 1 hypervisor that runs directly on the physical
hardware of a host machine, without the need for a separate operating system, providing
high-performance virtualization.

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Q22: Why are bare-metal hypervisors relevant in cloud computing platforms?
A22: Bare-metal hypervisors are essential in cloud computing platforms because they offer
efficient resource utilization, isolation, and scalability for hosting multiple virtual machines

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(VMs) on a single physical server, enabling cloud service providers to offer Infrastructure as
a Service (IaaS).

Q23: What are the steps involved in installing a bare-metal hypervisor?

A23: The steps typically involve preparing the server hardware, booting from the hypervisor
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installation media, following the installation wizard to configure network settings, storage,
and user accounts, and completing the installation process.

Q24: How do you configure and manage a bare-metal hypervisor?

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A24: Configuration and management of a bare-metal hypervisor are usually performed

through a management interface or command-line interface provided by the hypervisor
vendor, allowing administrators to manage virtual machines, networks, storage, and other
settings.
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Q25: Can you provide instructions to create and run virtual machines inside a bare-metal
hypervisor?
A25: To create and run virtual machines, administrators need to access the hypervisor
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management interface, create a new virtual machine, specify parameters such as CPU,
memory, storage, and network settings, and then install the guest operating system using an
ISO image or network boot.
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Q26: How can virtual machines be accessed in different environments?

A26: Virtual machines can be accessed remotely through various methods, including
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), Secure Shell (SSH), web-based management consoles
provided by the hypervisor, or through APIs in cloud computing environments.

Q27: What additional services are provided by bare-metal hypervisors?

A27: Bare-metal hypervisors often offer additional services such as load balancing,
auto-scaling, security features like virtual firewalls and intrusion detection/prevention
systems, and integration with storage and networking solutions.

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Q28: What is load balancing in the context of bare-metal hypervisors?
A28: Load balancing distributes incoming network traffic across multiple virtual machines or
servers to ensure optimal resource utilization, improve performance, and prevent overload
on any single instance.

Q29: How does auto-scaling work with bare-metal hypervisors?

A29: Auto-scaling automatically adjusts the number of virtual machines or resources
allocated to an application based on predefined criteria such as CPU usage, network traffic,
or user demand, ensuring efficient resource utilization and performance optimization.

Q30: What security features are typically provided by bare-metal hypervisors?

A30: Security features may include virtual firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems

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(IDS/IPS), network segmentation, encryption for data at rest and in transit, role-based
access control (RBAC), and integration with security compliance standards.

Q31: How does a bare-metal hypervisor handle resource allocation and scheduling?

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A31: Bare-metal hypervisors use resource allocation algorithms to distribute CPU, memory,
and I/O resources among virtual machines based on their requirements and priorities. They
also employ scheduling policies to ensure fair access to resources and optimize overall
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system performance.

Q32: What role does storage play in virtualization with bare-metal hypervisors?
A32: Storage in virtualization with bare-metal hypervisors involves managing disk images,
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virtual disks, and storage pools where virtual machine data is stored. Advanced features
such as thin provisioning, snapshots, and live migration enhance storage efficiency and
flexibility.
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Q33: How does live migration contribute to the flexibility of bare-metal hypervisors?
A33: Live migration allows virtual machines to be moved from one physical host to another
without interrupting their operation, ensuring continuous availability, load balancing, and
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hardware maintenance without downtime.

Q34: What are the considerations for ensuring high availability with bare-metal hypervisors?
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A34: High availability with bare-metal hypervisors involves implementing redundancy,

failover mechanisms, and clustering techniques to minimize downtime and ensure
uninterrupted access to virtual machines and applications.
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Q35: Can you explain the concept of network virtualization in the context of bare-metal
hypervisors?
A35: Network virtualization in bare-metal hypervisors involves abstracting physical network
resources and providing virtual networks with isolated communication paths, VLAN tagging,
virtual switches, and network overlays to optimize network performance and security.

Q36: How do bare-metal hypervisors facilitate disaster recovery and business continuity?
A36: Bare-metal hypervisors enable replication, backup, and recovery of virtual machines
and data to remote locations or cloud environments, ensuring rapid recovery and minimal
data loss in the event of hardware failures, disasters, or disruptions.

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Q37: What role does automation play in managing virtualized environments with bare-metal
hypervisors?
A37: Automation streamlines repetitive tasks such as provisioning, configuration, monitoring,
and scaling of virtual machines and resources, improving efficiency, reducing human errors,
and enabling rapid response to changing workload demands.

Q38: What are the performance considerations when deploying virtualized workloads on
bare-metal hypervisors?
A38: Performance considerations include CPU, memory, and I/O overhead introduced by
virtualization, resource contention between virtual machines, network latency, storage
latency, and optimizations such as CPU pinning, memory ballooning, and disk caching.

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Q39: How do bare-metal hypervisors address compliance and regulatory requirements?
A39: Bare-metal hypervisors provide features such as audit logging, access controls,
encryption, and integration with compliance frameworks to ensure data security, privacy, and
regulatory compliance in virtualized environments.

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Q40: What are the emerging trends and advancements in bare-metal hypervisors and
virtualization technology? bt
A40: Emerging trends include containerization, microservices architectures, serverless
computing, edge computing, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) integration,
software-defined networking (SDN), and hybrid cloud adoption, driving innovation and
transformation in virtualization technology.
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Important Links :

Viva Question & Answers

https://www.doubtly.in/semester-6-study-material-aids-ml/
https://www.doubtly.in/cloud-computing-viva-questions-with-answers-sem-6-ai-ds-ml/
https://www.doubtly.in/ml-viva-questions-with-answer-sem-6-ai-ds-ml/
https://www.doubtly.in/dav-viva-questions-with-answer-sem-6-ai-ds-ml/

Important Questions :

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https://www.doubtly.in/semester-6-study-material-aids-ml/

Previous Year Question papers :

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