C.M.

PATEL COLLEGE OF
NURSING,
GANDHINAGAR
SUBJECT :- MEDICAL – SURGICAL
NURSING - I
TOPIC :- MALE REPRODUCTIVE
DISORDERS

SUBMITTED TO :-
MRS. KRUTI CONTRACTOR
ASSOCIATED PROFESSOR
SUBMITTED BY :-
MITTAL DAMOR
1ST YEAR M.SC NSG

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LESSON PLAN
SUBJECT:- Medical surgical I
TOPIC :- Lesson plan on „male reproductive disorders‟
DATE :-
TIME :-
PLACE :- S. Y. B.Sc nursing
GROUP :- S.Y. B.Sc nursing
TOTAL NO. OF STUDENT:-
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS:-
Knowledge about the medical surgical nursing I of male reproductive disorders.‟
METHODS OF TEACHING :- Lecture cum discussion
A.V.AIDS USED:- power point, black board
GENERAL OBJECTIVE :-
After completion of the lecture the students will be able
to explain the anatomy and physiology of male reproductive system and
disorders also. Then explain about definition, clinical manifestation, etiology, etc
and management and nursing diagnosis.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE :-
 To give introduction about male reproductive disorders
 Define about the all male reproductive disorders
 Explain the sign and symptoms about the male reproductive disorders
 Describe the management of the male reproductive disorders
 Explain the diagnostic evaluation
 Detail about the surgical and nursing management

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MALE REPRODUCTVE DISORDERS
 Congenital malformation(chryptorchidism)
 Epispadias
 Hypospadias
 Infertility
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MALE
REPRODUCTVE SYSTEM :-
“Male reproductive system. The structures of the male reproductive system include the
testes, the epididymides, the penis and the ducts and glands that produce and carry semen.
Sperm exit the scrotum through the ductus deferens, which is spermatic cord.”
Unique for its role in human reproduction, a gamete is a specialized sex cell carrying 23
chromosomes – one half the number in body cells. At fertilization, the chromosomes in one
male gamete, called a sperm or spermatozoon, combine with the chromosomes in one female
gamete, called an ovum or ooycyte. The function of the male reproductive system is to
produce sperm and transfer them to the female reproductive tract. The paired testes are a
crucial component in this process, as they produce both sperm and androgens, the hormones
that support male reproductive physiology. In humans, the most important male androgen is
testosterone. Several accessory organs and ducts aid the process of sperm maturation and
transport the sperm and other seminal components to the penis, which delivers sperm to the
female reproductive tract.

DISORDERS OF MALE REPRODUCTVE

CHRYPTORCHIDISM
Cryptorchidism is the most common congenital abnormality of the genitourinary
tract. Most cryptorchid testes are undescended, but some are absent.
Cryptorchidism is also called undescended testis. In this a baby boy is born without both the
testicles in his scrotum.
ETIOLOGY
The most probable cause is an impairment of the hypothalamus- pituitary- gonadal axis that
is blocked in the hormonal pathway to stimulate the testes to descend or the testes may fail to
respond to stimulus due to some inherited deficit.
 Heredity and chromosomal abnormalities
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  One or both testes (anorchia) can be the cause of undescended testis
 Short spermatic cord and artery mechanically prevent the descending of small and ill
- formed immobile testes, which may fail to descent below the external inguinal
ring.
RISK FACTORS
 Low birth weight
 Being born prematurely
 Having a family history of undescended testicles
TYPES
1. Cannilicular testis:-the testicle located above its natural position in the scrotum but
still outside the abdominal cavity.
2. Intra abdominal testes:-the testicle is located inside the abdominal cavity residing in
position along its pathway of natural descent.
3. Ectopic testicle:- the testicles may be found in regions not in the usual pathway of
descent into scrotum. Five major sites of ectopic are perineum, femoral canal,
suprapubic area and the etiology is believed to be misdirection attachment to the
scrotum.
4. Absent testicle :- such a phenomena of absent testicle can be bilateral.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
 Undescended testis can be unilateral and bilateral.
 There may be a sign of complications, like torsion, trauma and hernia which is usually
associated with 60 to 70 % cases
 If the problem is not treated,
 Defective development of sperms may cause malignancy
 Psychological problems may be found in some children with this condition
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History
 Physical examination
 Ultrasound
 Laparoscopy
 MRI
MANAGEMENT
 Undescended testicles usually move down into the scrotum naturally by the time when
child is three to six months old.
 If the testicles do not descend spontaneously and naturally, then further action for
treatment should be taken

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  The best time for the therapy is from 1 to 12 years of age to prevent further
complication.
 Administration of hormonal therapy

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
 Orchiopexy :- It is the surgery to reposition the testicle from his abdomen into the
scrotum.
 Herniotomy :- It is a simple precise surgery that can be performed under the sedation
and inhalation anesthesia.
 In case of absence of testes, silastic prosthesis can be inserted at 8 to 10 years of age to
overcome the emotional problems.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nursing assessment
 In nursing assessment at the time of birth, the nurses have to evaluate for the presence
of both testes.
 She can evaluate by gently compressing both inguinal canal, small nodule which
should be felt on both the sides.
 The nurses should assess the caregivers understanding of disease condition and the
importance of timely surgical incision.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Deficient knowledge related to cryptorchidism and its treatment
 Anxiety related to the possible decreased fertility and increased risk of malignancy.
 Disturbed body image related to appearance of genitalia
 Low self esteem related to the disease condition
 Risk for infection related to surgical incision
COMPLICATION
Testicular cancer :- Men who were born with undescended testicles have a higher risk of
developing testicular cancer, compared to other men.
Fertility problems :-Men who were born with this have a high risk of having low sperm
counts, poor sperm quality and poor fertility.

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 EPISPADIAS
It is a rare type of malformation and a congenital abnormality of the location of urethra. It is
the congenital abnormal urethra opening on the dorsal aspect of the penis.
It is a rare type of malformation of penis in which the urethra ends in an opening on the
upper aspect (the dorsum) of the penis.
It is congenital anomaly in males in which the urethra is on the upper surface of the penis.
Classification :-Epispadias in a male child an be classified as :
 Anterior epispadias
 Glandular
 penile
 Posterior epispadias
 Penopubic
 Subsymphyseal
In males, infants with epispadias are having short and broad penis with dorsal curvature.
ETIOLOGY
The causes of epispadias are not known. It may occur because the pubic bone does not
develop properly. It can occur with a birth defect.
RISK FACTORS
 Family history
 Increased maternal age above 32 years have greater risk in child
 Low birth weight baby
 Exposure to smoking and drugs
CLINICAL FEATURES
 Male usually has a short, wide penis with an abnormal curve
 The urethra usually opens on the top or side of the penis instead of the tip
 The urethra may be open along the whole length of the penis
 Urinary incontinence, involuntary urine loss
 Enlarged pubic bone
 Urinary tract infection
 Bladder exstrophy means an open , inside – out bladder
 Reflux nephropathy, in which there is backward flow urine into the kidney
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History
 Physical examination
 Blood test
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  Intravenous pyelogram
 MRI/CT scan
 Pelvic X- ray
 Ultrasound of urinary system
MANAGEMENT
Main goal of the management is to maximum penile length and function by correcting dorsal
bend and chordee.
 Bladder exotrophy
 First stage :- operation is done at 1.5 to 2 years age for penile lengthening,
elongation of urethral strip and chordee correction.
 Second stage :- operation is done at least 6 months after the first stage for
urethral reconstruction.
 Third stage :- operation is done at about 3 to 4 years of age for the bladder neck
reconstruction and the correction of vesicouereteric reflux.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Preoperative care
 Prepare the child‟s parents and the child for surgery
 The parents must be assuredthat if surgery is done early in child‟s life, there will be no
influence on his self – image.
 They should also be prepared for appearance of surgical area postoperatively.
 Explain the procedure to the parents take a written consent from the client and parents
Postoperative care
 If the surgery is done, the nurse must also help the child to handle the anxiety.
 It is important that the nurse helps both the parents and child to relieve their anxieties
so that they are not transmitted from one family member to the other family members.
 Provide play therapy to child to divert the mind.
Other supportive nursing care includes
 Provide more emphasis on prevention of infection.
 Provide emotional support for long term management schedule.
 Provide adequate balanced diet and healthy nutrition to the child
 Maintain hygiene.

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 HYPOSPADIAS
Hypospadias is the most common congenital anomaly of the penis and also a malformation
of male children.
Undescended and inguinal hernia or upper urinary tract anomalies may be associated with
hypospadias.
It may be found in females as an urethral opening with dribbling of urine.
Hypospadias is a condition in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the
penis instead of the tip. Hypospadias is a congenital defect that involves an abnormally
placed urinary hole in both female and male.
CLASSIFICATION
Hypospadias can be classified as follows depending upon the sites of the urethral metus
 Anterior hypospadiasis :-it occurs in 60 – 70 %. It may be found as glandular or on
distal penile shaft. In this the opening of urethra is located some where near the head
of the penis.
 Middle penile shaft hypospadias :- it occurs in 10 – 15%. In this, the opening of the
urethra is located along the shaft of the penis.
 Posterior hypospadias :- it occurs in 20%. It may be found in proximal penile shaft,
or as penoscrotal or perineal type, in which the opening of the urethra is located where
the penis and scrotum meet.
ETIOLOGY
Hypospadias is present at birth but exact causes is unknown. It results when a malfunction
occurs in the action of hormones causing the urethra to develop abnormally.
 Family history
 Increased maternal age above 32 years have greater risk in the child.
 Low birth weight
 Androgen deficiency
 Environmental factors
 Exposure to smoking and drugs
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
 Due to chordee, there is presence of deflected stream of urine and the child wets his
thigh during urination
 Inability to void urine while standing
 Severe forms interfere with the reproductive abiity
 There can be fistula, urethral stricture
 Abnormal spraying during urination
 Having to sit down to urinate
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DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 Collect history
 Physical examination
 Ultrasound imaging
 Intravenous urography
 Cystourethrogram
 Cystoscopy
MANAGEMENT
 Meatotomy :-it is a form of penile modification in which the under side of the glans is
split. The procedures may be performed by a doctor to alleviate meatal stenosis or
urethral stricture.
 Urethroplasty:-it is the repair of an injury or defect within the wall of the urethra.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Preoperative care
 Prepare the child‟s parents and the child for the surgery.
 They should also be prepared for appearance of surgical area postoperatively.
 Explain the procedure to the parents.
 Take written consent from client and parents
Postoperative
 If the surgery is done, the nurse must also help the child to handle the anxiety.
 Keep the operated area clean and dry to prevent from urinary tract infection.
 Provide play therapy to the child to divert the mind.
 Be with the client
Other supportive nursing care
 Provide more emphasis on the prevention of infection.
 Provide emotional support for long – term management schedule.
 Maintain health of the child by giving more emphasis on child‟s growth and
development.
 Provide adequate, balanced diet and healthy nutrition to child.
 Maintain hygiene
 Provide parental guidance and educate them how to cope with the problem
NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Acute pain related to physical factors (damage to the tissue), incision
 Impaired skin integrity related to surgical trauma
 Altered urinary elimination related to disease condition
 Risk of infection related to contamination of catheter

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 INFERTILITY
Infertility is a situated in which regular, unprotected sexual intercourse does not result in a
pregnancy over a 12 month( one year) period.
In humans it accounts for 40-50% of infertility.Infertility is the inability of a
sexually active, noncontracepting couple unable to achieve pregnancy in one year.
The male partner can be evaluated for infertility using a variety of clinical intervention and
also from a laboratory evaluation of semen.
ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Infertility may be caused by many factors.
In females
 Ovulation disorders :-infertility is most commonly caused by problem with
ovulation.
 Polycystic ovary syndrome :- a condition that makes it more difficulty for ovaries to
produced an egg.
 Thyroid problem
 Premature ovarian failure
 Womb and fallopian tube
 Scarring from
 Cervical mucus defect
In males
 Due to abnormal semen
 Decreased number of sperms
 Decreased sperm mobility
 Abnormal sperm, abnormal shape
 If testicles are damaged, these affect semen
 An infection in testicles
 Testicular cancer
 Testicular surgery
 Cryptorchidism
 Trauma to testicles
 Sterilization like vasectomy
 Hypogonadism
 Alcohol
 Smoking
 Stress

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
due to etiological factors

Hormonal imbalance between hypothalamus, Pituitary gland and testicles

Interfere with production and maturation of sperm

Hypoxia of testicles

Increase scrotal temperature

Germ cell damage

Release bioactive cytokines

Affect Spermatogenesis

Infertility

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
The main symptom of infertility is not getting pregnant.
In females
 Change in the menstrual cycle and ovulation may be a symptom of infertility
 Abnormal periods, bleeding may be heavy or low
 Acne
 Change in sex drive and desire
 Weight gain
 Milky discharge from nipples but unrelated to breastfeeding
 Pain during sex

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In males
 It includes problem with the sexual functions, i.e. difficulty in ejaculation, reduced
desire, and erectile dysfunction
 Pain and swelling in testicles
 Having a lower normal sperm count
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History
 Physical examination
 semen analysis
 Hysteroscopy
 Laparoscopy
MANAGEMENT
 Artificial insemination
 Electroejaculation
 Insemination with donor semen
 Drug therapy :-drug therapy for male infertility includes medications to improve
sperm production, treat hormonal dysfunction.
Tamoxifen :-an antiestrogen agent may be used to stimulate gonadotropin release
which leads to testosterone production.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nursing assessment
 Assist the client in reducing stress in the relationship
 Encourage cooperation protect privacy, foster understanding and refer the couple to
appropriate resources when necessary
 Infertility work – ups are expensive, time – consuming stressful. So couple need
support in working together to deal with these problem
Nursing diagnosis
 Anticipatory grieving related to the loss of pregnancy
 Anxiety related to the diagnosis of infertility
 Disturbed body image related to altered fertility and fears about sexuality and
relationship with partner and family
 Deficient knowledge related to the disease process
 Community coping impairment related to the diagnosis of infertility.

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 PROSTATITIS
Prostatitis is a general term that refers to inflammation (swelling) of the prostate
gland, which is caused by an infection. This inflammation can be acute when it is commonly
due to infection.it is a painful condition that in its chronic from is potentially debilitating.
Prostatitis, the third major disease of the prostate, can occur in adult men of all age.
TYPE OF PROSTATITIS
1. Acute bacterial prostatitis:- acute prostatitis is usually associated with lower urinary
infection speading from the bladder or associated with sexually transmitted diseases
such as gonorrhea or chlamydia. Bacteria such as klebsiella or Escherichia cause the
symptoms. Symptoms of acute bacterial prostatitis :- fever, general pains, pain in
the lower back pain and genital region, pain during urination, painful ejaculation.
2. Chronic bacterial prostatitis:- chronic bacterial prostatitis is an uncommon recurrent
infection with inflammation of the prostate and urinary tract.
3. Nonbacterial prostatitis:- as its name implies, no bacterial infection is present in
inflamed prostate but the symptoms are often the same as with other forms of
prostatitis. The cause is unknown.
4. Chronic prostatitis:- commonly known as chronic pelvic pain syndrome where
symptoms of prostatitis occur but the there is no inflammation or bacterial infection.
The causes is unknown.
CAUSES
 Engage in rectal intercourse
 Have a abnormal urinary tract
 Have had a recent bladder infection
 Have an enlarged prostate
 Excessive alcohol intake
 Emotional factors including stress and depression
SYSMPTOMS
 Blood in urine
 Blood in semen
 Decreased urine steam
 Incontinence
 Frequency or discomfort on passing urine
 Low grade fever
 Low back pain, pelvic floor, bowel movement, ejaculation, sexual intercourse
DIAGNOSIS
 Rectal examination
 Blood tests
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  Ultrasound
 CT scan
 Cytscope
MANAGEMENT
1. Administer antibiotic medicine for infectious prostatitis. Ofloxacin, doxycycline
2. Surgical removal of the infected portions of the prostate gland
3. Other treatment for chronic noninfectious prostatitis includes the use of the alpha
blocker drugs.
4. Comfort is provided with analgesics to relieve pain, anti-spasmodic medications and
bladder sedation ( to relive bladder irritability) sitz bath etc.

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 ENLARGED BREASTS IN MEN (GYNECOMASTIA)
Gynecomastia is swelling of the breast tissue in boys or men caused by an imbalance of the
hormones estrogen and testosterone.
Gynecomastia can affect one or both breast, sometimes unevenly.
Generally gynecomastia is not serious problem, but it can tough to cope with the condition.
Men or boys with the gynecomastia sometimes have pain in their breasts and may feel
emberrasssed.
If it persists medication or surgery may help.
CAUSES
 Genetic disorders
 Malnutrition
 Hyperthyroidism
 Anti – androgen treatment for prostate gland
 Aging
 Disorders of testis
 Alcohol
 Heroin

SYMPTOMS
 Swollen breast gland tissue
 Breast tenderness
 Pain in breast
 Tenderness
Medications
 Anti – androgens used to treat prostate enlargement, prostate cancer and some other
condition.
 Anabolic steroids and androgens
 AIDS medication.
 Anti – anxiety medication, such as diazepam (Valium)
 Tricyclic antidepressant
 Antibiotics
 Ulcer medications, such as cimetidine (Tagamet HB)
 Cancer treatment
 Heart medications, such as digoxin (Lanoxin) and calcium channel blockers
 Gastric motility medications, such as metoclopramide

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COMPLICATION
It has a few physical complications, but it can cause psychological or emotional problems
caused by appearance.
PREVENTION
 Do not use illegal drugs
 Avoid alcohol
 Hormonal therapy
MANAGEMENT
 Testosterone replacement :- this therapy has been effective in older men with low
levels of testosterone but it was not proved to be effective for men who have normal
levels of the male hormone.
 SERMs :- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) can help reduce the
amount of breast tissue. These medication are most often used for sever or painful
gynecomastia.

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 ORCHITIS
Orchitis or orchiditis is a condition of the testes involving inflammation. It can also involve
swelling and frequent infection. Orchitis is inflammation of 1 or both testicles in men,
usually caused by an infection.
Orchitis can result from the spread of bacteria through the blood from other location in body.
It also can be a progression of epididymitis an epididymitis an infection of the tube that
carries semen out of the testicles. This is called epididymo – orchitis.
CAUSES
 Bacterial orchitis
 Viral orchitis
Other types
 Idiopathic orchitis
 Autoimmune orchitis
 Secondary orchitis
 Epididymoorchitis
RISK FACTOR
 Not being immunized against mumps
 Being older than 45
 Having recurring urinary tract infection
 Long term use of a foley catheter
 Genitourinary surgery
 Multiple sexual partners
 Sex with a partener who has an STD
 A personal history of gonorrhea or other STD
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
 Testicular swelling on one or both
 Testicle pain ranging from mild to severe
 Tenderness in one or both testicles, which may last for week
 Nausea
 Fever
 Discharge from penis
 Blood in semen
 Hematuria (bloodin the urea)
 Severe testes pain and groin pain
 Pain with intercourse or ejaculation
 Pain with urination (dysuria)
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  Swollen testes and often the inguinal lymph nodes on the affected side
 Epididymis inflammation
 Tender, swollen groin area on affected side
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS
 History collection
 Physical examination
 Complete blood count (CBC)
 Testicular ultrasound
 STD screening : Tests to screen for chlamydia and gonorrhea
 Urinalysis
 Urine culture (clean catch)
 Nuclear scan of the testicles
TREATMENT
 Treating viral orchitis :-
 Nonsteroidalanti inflammatory drugs:- ibuprofen
 Analgesic drugs for pain
 Treating bacterial orchitis
 Antibiotics
 Ceftriaxone
 Ciprofloxacin
 Doxycycline
 Azithromycin
 Trimethoprim
 Sulfamethoxazole combined
COMPLICATIONS
 An abscess (a collection of pus due to infection) occasionally develops in the scrotum
 Reduced fertility in the affected testis, especially in cases caused by the mumps virus
 A chronic inflammation occasionally develops

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 TESTICULAR CANCER
Testicular cancer is a disease in which cells become malignant ( cancerous) in one or both
testicles. Testicular cancer is a rare disease in men caused by abnormal growth of cells in the
tissue of testicles.
Testicular cancer usually arises between the age of 15 and 49, more likely between 20 – 35.
Testicular cancer or malignant tumor ( also called germ cell tumor).

CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS

 Family history
 Cryptorchidism
 HIV
 AIDS
 Abnormalities of the testicles, penis, kidney, as well as those with inguinal hernia
STAGES OF THE DISEASE
Stage I:-cancer is confined only in the testicle.
Stage II:- cancer has spread to the retro peritoneal lymph nodes in the abdomen, located in
the body below the rear of the diaphragm and between the kidneys. They produce and store
infection fighting cell.
Stage III:- cancer has spread beyond the lymph nodes in the abdomen. There may be cancer
in parts of the body far away from the testicles such as the lungs, brain, liver and bones.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
 A lymph or enlargement in either testicle
 Testicular swelling and hadness
 A feeling of heaviness or aching in the scrotum or lower abdomen
 Pain or discomfort in a testicle or scrotum
 A dull ache in the abdomen or groin
 Any change or pain in the testicle or scrotum
 Enlarged male breast and nipples
 Blood or fluid that accumulates suddenly in the scrotum
 Unexplained fatigue or general feeling of not being well
 Chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]
 Increased estrogen levels may cause Loss of sexual desire ( libido)
 Increased levels of testosterone may cause premature growth of facial and body hair
in body.

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DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History
 Physical examination
 Blood tests
 Ultrasound
 Biopsy
 Testicular self examination
MANAGEMENT
 Orchiectomy
 Lymphadenectomy
 Radiation therapy
 Chemotherapy

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 BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA (BPH)
BPH also known as benign prostatic hypertrophy is a non cancerous enlargement of
the prostate, a small gland that encircles the urethra in males and produces a fluid that makes
up part of semen. The prostate gland enlarges, extending upward into the bladder and
obstructing the outflow of urine by encroaching on the vesical orifice. This condition is
known as B.P.H, the enlargement or hypertrophy of the prostate gland.
Untreated prostate gland enlargement can block the flow of urine out of the bladder
and cause bladder, urinary tract, or kidney problems.
BPH generally begins in a man‟s 30s, evolves slowly, and most commonly only
causes symptoms after 50.
ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
 Exact cause is unknown
 Hormonal alteration
 Aging
 Family history
 Ethnic background
 Diet
 Effects of chronic inflammation
 Heredity
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
 Increased frequency of urination
 Renal failure
 Fatigue
 Azotemia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste products)
 Nausea and vomiting
 Anorexia
 Nocturia
 Acute urinary retension
 Hematuria
 Formation of urinary stream
 Formation of stones in the bladder
 Impaired kidney function

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Due to etiological factors enlargement of prostate gland

Normally thin and fibrous outer capsule prostate become spongy and thick as
enlargement progress

Hypertrophied lobes compress bladder neck or prostatic urethra, causing

incomplete emptying and urinary retention

Gradual dilation of ureter and kidneys (hydro ureter and hydro nephrosis

Prolonged urinary retention / obstruction cause urinary tract infection

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
o Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
o Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test
o Urinary Flow Rate Study
o Cystoscopy
o Intravenous Pyelography
o Prostate Biopsy
o Urine test
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 o Trans rectal ultra sound
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 Watchful waiting
 Alpha1 – adrenergic receptor blockers
 5 – alpha – Reductase Inhibitors
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
 Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
 Supra pubic prostectomy:- it is one method of removing the gland through an
abdominal incision.
 Retro pubic prostectomy
 Perinealprostectomy
 Transurethral incision of prostate
NURSING MANAGEMENT
A. Facilitating urinary elimination
i) Provide privacy for the patient and allow enough time for voiding
ii) Encourage to increase oral fluid intake up to 2-4L water as tolerated
iii) Assist with the catheter insertion as indicated
iv) Administer medication as ordered
(1) Alpha-adrenergic blocker
v) Relieving of pain
vi) Encourage to use hot sitz baths
vii) Provide a quiet environment.
HEALTH EDUCATION
 Regarding diet
 Regarding patterns of life
 Regarding physical activity
 Maintenance of genital hygiene

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 www.malereproductivedisorder.com
 www.malereproductivesystem.com
 Joyce .M. Black, “ MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING”; 7th edition,2007; Elsevier
publication, India, Page No :- 1275 – 1290.
 Brunner & Suddarth‟s, “TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING”; 12th
edition, 2011; Wolters Kluwer publication, India, Page No:- 1290 – 1299.

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