Secondary ALFC Loop

Automatic Tie-line flows Power

Generation
system
Control (AGC)
Frequency Frequency
sensor

Speed Speed Valve /

Turbine Generator
Changer Governor gates

Speed
sensor

Primary ALFC Loop

 Forebay

Generator
H

Turbine Wicket gate

 Tw / 2
2

Pm
1

 Pm
0
= -2

-1
 Speed R min , open Max gate
Dead Pilot valve
reference band and servomotor Position = 1
1 1 1
Ks
1  sT p s 1  sT G Valve
Min gate Gate opening
ωr R max , close Position = 0
servomotor
(rotor speed)
RP
Permanent
droop

sT R
RT
1  sT R Transient
droop
 reheater

Boiler RSV
MSV crossover
IV
CV

Speed
sensor
To
HP IP LP generator
shaft
ωr
Governor
ω ref
To
condensor

Q in Steam Q out
vessel
From reheater
boiler crossover
IV
Steam CV
vessel

shaft
HP IP LP

To
condensor
 100%
Valve flow area

100%

Valve flow area

50%
50%

50% 100%
Valve stroke 50% 100%
Valve stroke
(a) (b)

FHP

Main steam FIP

pressure
CV reheater crossover
1 1 1
FLP
1  sTCH 1  sTRH 1  sTCO
Valve Flow HP IP LP Tm
position area Steam flow flow flow
vessel

Valve Flow
position IV area
 T HP

Main steam K3 K5
K1 K7
pressure

CV 1 1 1 1
1  sT1 1  sT2 1  sT3 1  sT4

K2 K4 K6 K8

T LP
 Load reference
Position
Rate limit
limit
1 1 1 Flow
K
 r 1  sTSR TSM s area
Speed
relay

Servomotor