VIth Sem-B.

Tech
Class test 2

Course Code- ECECC19

Course Title- Computer Networks
Marks: 40

Q.No. Question Marks CO

1 A sender uses the Stop-and-Wait ARQ protocol for reliable transmission of frames. 5 2
Frames are of size 1000 bytes and the transmission rate at the sender is 80 Kbps (1 Kbps
= 1000 bits/second). The size of an acknowledgement is 100 bytes and the transmission
rate at the receiver is 8 Kbps. The one-way propagation delay is 100 milliseconds.
Assuming no frame is lost, find the receiver throughout .
2 If the number of inlets and outlets are equal in multistage space division 5 4
switching. Find the optimal ratio of the number of blocks to the number of inlets
per block.
3 Determine the switching advantage ratio of a three stage network with N inlets 5 4
and N outlets for the following cases (a) N=128 and (b) N=32768. Compare
these two cases.
4 An ISP is granted a block of addresses starting with 150.80.0.0/17, which need 5 5
to be distributed to 100 customers requiring 256 addresses each and 200
customers requiring 16 addresses each. Show the address allocation process
5 Consider an instance of TCP’s Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease 5 3
(AIMD) algorithm where the window size at the start of slow start phase is 2
MSS and the threshold at the start of first transmission is 8 MSS. Assume that a
time out occurs during the fifth transmission. Find the congestion window size at
the end of tenth transmission.
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Solution

2.
3. Advantage ratio, 𝜆 = N^2/(4N√(2𝑁))
For N=32768, 𝜆 = 32

4. To allocate the given block of addresses (150.80.0.0/17) to 100 customers requiring 256 addresses
each and 200 customers requiring 16 addresses each, we need to subnet the given block accordingly.
The given block is 150.80.0.0/17, which means it has 17 bits for the network portion
and 15 bits for the host portion.
First, let's find out how many bits are needed to accommodate 256 addresses and 16
addresses:
For 256 addresses:
Number of bits required=log2(256)=8 bitsNumber of bits required=log2(256)=8 bits
For 16 addresses:
Number of bits required=log2(16)=4 bitsNumber of bits required=log2(16)=4 bits
Next, let's allocate addresses for each group of customers:
 1. 100 customers requiring 256 addresses each: Since 8 bits are required for 256
addresses, we can allocate a /24 subnet for each customer.
2. 200 customers requiring 16 addresses each: Since 4 bits are required for 16
addresses, we can allocate a /28 subnet for each customer.
Let's allocate addresses:
1. For 100 customers requiring 256 addresses each:
 Each customer will receive a /24 subnet.
 Starting from 150.80.0.0, we allocate addresses in increments of 256.
 The first customer gets 150.80.0.0/24, the second customer gets 150.80.1.0/24,
and so on.
 The last customer gets 150.80.99.0/24.
2. For 200 customers requiring 16 addresses each:
 Each customer will receive a /28 subnet.
 After allocating addresses for the first group, we continue from the next
available address.
 The next available address after 150.80.99.0/24 is 150.80.100.0/24.
 We allocate addresses in increments of 16 within each /28 subnet.
 The first customer in this group gets 150.80.100.0/28, the second customer gets
150.80.100.16/28, and so on.
 The last customer gets 150.80.101.240/28.
In summary, the address allocation process is as follows:
 100 customers requiring 256 addresses each:
 Subnet: /24
 Starting from 150.80.0.0/24, allocate in increments of 256.
 200 customers requiring 16 addresses each:
 Subnet: /28
 Allocate after the last address allocated for the first group.
 Starting from 150.80.100.0/28, allocate in increments of 16.

5.
 Transmission 1: cwnd = 2 MSS (slow start phase)
 Transmission 2: cwnd = 4 MSS (slow start phase)
 Transmission 3: cwnd = 8 MSS (threshold reached, congestion avoidance mode)
 Transmission 4: cwnd = 9 MSS (congestion avoidance mode)
 Transmission 5: Timeout occurs, threshold reduced to half (4 MSS), cwnd reset to 1
MSS (slow start phase restarts)
 Transmission 6: cwnd = 2 MSS (slow start phase)
 Transmission 7: cwnd = 4 MSS (threshold reached, congestion avoidance mode)
 Transmission 8: cwnd = 5 MSS (congestion avoidance mode)
 Transmission 9: cwnd = 6 MSS (congestion avoidance mode)
 Transmission 10: cwnd = 7 MSS (congestion avoidance mode)

So, at the end of the tenth transmission, the congestion window size is 7 MSS.