Water-Soluble

Vitamins
Functions
F
C
I
M
P
A
S
RDA
 Males: 90 mg/day
 Females: 75 mg/day
 UL: 2,000 mg
Food Sources
Local Food Sources
DEFICIENCY
Toxicity • Gout
• Iron overload
 V
i
t
a
m
i
n
VITAMIN B1

B
1
Functions

E
M
A
RDA
 Men: 1.2 mg/day
 Women: 1.1 mg/day
Food Sources
Deficiency
Toxicity
E
C
F
RDA
 Male: 1.3 mg/day
 Female: 1.1 mg/day
Food Sources
Deficiency
Toxicity
Functions

E
N
 Male: 16 mg NE/day
 Female: 14 mg NE/day
 UL: 35 mg NE/day
Food Sources
Deficiency
Toxicity
Functions

V
E
C
C
I
RDA
AI: 5 mg/day
Food Sources
Deficiency
Toxicity
Functions
C
H
A
N
C
E
D
B
C
RDA

 RDA: 1.2 mg/day

 UL: 100 mg/day
Food Sources
Deficiency
Toxicity
Functions
G
F
A
M
E
AI
 30 mcg/day
Food Sources
Deficiency
Toxicity
Functions
R
N
R
D
Folate Absorption and Activation

 Folate is activated only with Vitamin B12.

 Folateis actively secreted back into the GI tract with
bile and can be absorbed repeatedly via
enterohepatic circulation.
 GI
tract damage is detrimental to folate absorption
and metabolism. (alcohol abuse)
 RDA

 400 mcg (.4 mg):

adults
 600 mcg (.6 mg):
pregnant moms
 500 mcg (.5 mg):
lactating moms
Food Sources
Deficiency
Drug Interactions

 Anticancer drugs: displaces folate from enzymes and

interferes with normal metabolism
 Aspirin: inhibits the action of folate-requiring enzymes
 Antacids: limit the absorption of folate
 Oral contraceptives: impairs folate status
Toxicity
Vitamin B12
Features of Vitamin B12

1. Has interdependent relationship with folate

2. Only water-soluble vitamin that does not occur
naturally in plants
3. Requires an intrinsic factor to be absorbed
Functions

C
A
F
F
RDA

 2.4 mcg/day
Food Sources
Deficiency: occurs due to lack of HCl and
intrinsic factor
Toxicity
Non-B Vitamins
Choline
Inositol
Carnitine
Functions
RDA
 Men: 550 mg/day
 Women: 425 mg/day
 UL: 3,500 mg/day
Food Sources
Deficiency
Toxicity
Inositol and Carnitine
What about Supplements?
Benefits
 Cover overt deficiencies
 Support increase nutrient
needs
 Improve nutritional status
 Improve body’s defenses
 Reduce disease risks
Who needs it?
▪ Specific nutrient deficiencies
▪ Low energy intakes
▪ Vegetarians
▪ Older adults
▪ Lactose intolerance
▪ Increased nutrient requirements specially
growing kids
▪ Limited sun exposure
▪ Disease conditions, infections, injuries,
surgical procedures
▪ Medications that interfere actions of some
nutrients
What about
Supplements?
Risks
 Toxicity
 Life-threatening
Misinformation
 Unknown Needs
 False sense of
security
 Other valid reasons
Selection of Supplements
 Form

 Contents

 Misleading Claims
 Cost