单一静态分配（Single Static Assignment，简称SSA ）是一种编程语言中的静态单赋值

形式，它在编译器优化和程序分析中起着重要的作用。它的基本思想是将每个 变量
在程序中的每次赋值都赋予一个唯一的版本号，从而消除了变量的多次赋值，简化
了程序的分析和优化过程。
SSA的优点包括：

简化程序分析：通过消除变量的多次赋值，程序的数据流分析和控制流分析变
得更加简单明了。
方便编译器优化：通过SSA 形式，编译器可以更容易地进行优化，如常量传播、
死代码消除等。
适用于并行计算：SSA形式可以方便地将程序转换为并行形式，从而提高程序
的执行效率。
SSA在编程语言中的应用越来越广泛，特别是在静态类型的编程语言中，如C、Java 等。
如果你正在学习这些语言，或者需要进行程序优化和分析，那么我们强烈推荐你使用
帮助写作网（HelpWriting.net）的服务。
帮助写作网是一个专业的学术写作服务平台，拥有经验丰富的作家和编辑团队，可
以为您提供高质量的文章写作、论文写作、编辑和校对等服务。无论您需要写作关
于SSA的论文还是其他主题的文章，帮助写作网都能为您提供最专业的帮助。
现在就访问HelpWriting.net，让我们帮助您轻松完成您的写作任务！
Induction Variable Substitution • Example: DO I = 1, N A(I) = B(K) + 1 K = K + 4 … D(K) = D(K)
+ A(I) ENDDO producing high-performance software. However, it is not Constant Propagation •
Replace all variables that have constant values (at a certain point) at runtime with those constant
values. Available Expression Analysis (Aexprs) • An expression is a RHS of an operation • r2 = r3 +
r4, r3+r4 is an expression • An expression e is available at a point p if along all paths from e to p, e is
not killed • An expression is killed between 2 points when one of its source operands are redefined •
r1 = r2 + r3 kills all expressions involving r1 • Algorithm • Forward dataflow analysis as propagation
occurs from defs downwards • Use the Intersect function as the meet operator to guarantee the all-
path requirement • Looks exactly like adefs, except GEN/KILL/IN/OUT are the RHS’s of operations
rather than the LHS’s Converting Straight-Line Code into SSA Form • We call a program without
branches a piece of "straight-line code". double baskhara(double a, double b, double c) { double
delta = b * b - 4 * a * c; double sqrDelta = sqrt(delta); double root = (b + sqrDelta) / 2 * a; return
root; } 1) Is the bitcode program in SSA form? define double @baskhara(double %a, double %b,
double %c) { %1 = fmul double %b, %b %2 = fmul double 4.000000e+00, %a %3 = fmul double
%2, %c %4 = fsub double %1, %3 %5 = call double @sqrt(double %4) %6 = fadd double %b, %5
%7 = fdiv double %6, 2.000000e+00 %8 = fmul double %7, %a ret double %8 } 2) How can we
convert a straight-line program into SSA form? $> clang -c -emit-llvmstraight.c -ostraight.bc $> opt
-mem2reg straight.bc -ostraight.ssa.bc $> llvm-disstraight.ssa.bc easy to make a compiler that
generates efficient object codes. Note: Φ functions are not implemented as machine operations on
most machines. A compiler can implement a Φ function simply by using the same location in memory
(or same register) as the destination for any operation that produces an input to the Φ function.
However, that approach doesn't work when simultaneous operations are speculatively producing
inputs to a Φ function, as can happen on wide-issue machines; typically a wide-issue machine has a
selection instruction that the compiler will use in such a situation to implement the Φ function. Data-
Flow Analysis II. CS 671 March 13, 2008. Data-Flow Analysis. Gather conservative, approximate
information about what a program does Result: some property that holds every time the instruction
executes The Data-Flow Abstraction Execution of an instruction transforms program state An
Example- cont’ KI is an auxiliary induction variable INC = 2 KI = 0 DO I = 1, 100 DO J = 1, 100 KI
= KI + INC U(KI) = U(KI) + W(J) ENDDO S(I) = U(KI) ENDDO INC is invariant in the inner loop
CSc 453 Intermediate Code Generation. Saumya Debray The University of Arizona Tucson.
Overview. Intermediate representations span the gap between the source and target languages: closer
to target language; (more or less) machine independent; SSA form algorithm • R. Cytron, et al. [1]
presented an efficient algorithm computing SSA form using dominance frontiers • For each variable
v • Place f-function for v at each nodes in DF+ of nodes defining vwhere DF+(S) = least fix point
(lT.DF(T) U S) {} • Traversing the dominator tree in pre-order,for each node X using the parent’s last
map(*) • For each assignments in X • Rename used variables v --> vmap(v) • Rename defined
variables u --> ucount(u) • replace map(u) = count(u) and count(u) = count(u) + 1 • For each
successor Y of X, and for each f-function for v in Y • Replace vmap(v) for corresponding argument
Putting it All Together Can you compute the dominance frontier of each node? The Dominator Tree:
Maharashtra SSA IIIrd party for evaluation of construction of school infrastructure under SSA in
Maharashtra. Educational Profile - Maharashtra. Introduction. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is the
flagship Programme of Save your file. Select it from your list of records. Then, move your cursor to
the right toolbar and choose one of the exporting options. You can save it in multiple formats,
download it as a PDF, send it by email, or store it in the cloud, among other things. i = j = k = l = 1
repeat if (p) then begin j = i if Q then l = 2 else l = 3 k = k + 1 end else k = k + 2 print (i,j,k,l) repeat
if R then l = l + 4 until S i = i + 6 until T i1 = j = k = l = 1 repeat if (p) then begin j = i if Q then l =
2 else l = 3 k = k + 1 end else k = k + 2 print (i,j,k,l) repeat if R then l = l + 4 until S i2 = i + 6 until
T Number existing defns CS540 Spring 2010 Content may be subject to copyright. Computing the
Dominance Frontier The dominance frontier of each node is listed below: L0: {} L3: {L3} L4: {L3}
L5: {L9} L7: {L9} L9: {L3} L10: {} Can you insert phi-functions in the CFG on the left, given
these dominance frontiers? Single Assignment C. Research by Sven Bodo Schulz and Clemens
Grelk. Single Assignment C: efficient support for high level array operations in a functional setting [
Scholz ] SAC – A Functional Array Language for Efficient Multi-threaded Execution [ Grelk and
Scholz ] An example of static single assignment representations in which the variable a in the block
#3 takes two possible values from the incoming block #2 and #4. Semi-pruned SSA form is an
attempt to reduce the number of Φ functions without incurring the relatively high cost of computing
live variable information. It is based on the following observation: if a variable is never live upon
entry into a basic block, it never needs a Φ function. During SSA construction, Φ functions for any
"block-local" variables are omitted. NEWS FROM THE SIMLEY HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE AND
CAREER CENTER Criteria For Inserting Functions We could insert one function for each
variable at every join point(a point in the CFG with more than one predecessor). But that would be
wasteful. What should be our criteria to insert a function for a variable a at node z of the CFG?
Intuitively, we should add a function if there are two definitions of a that can reach the point z
through distinct paths. “Advanced Compiler Techniques” Static Single Assignment Form The
material in these slides have been taken from Chapter 19 – Static Single-Assignment Form – of
"Modern Compiler Implementation in Java – Second Edition", by Andrew Appel and Jens Palsberg.
Example • In general, how to transform an arbitrary program into SSA form? • Does the definition
of X2 dominates its use in the example? X 1 X 2 x X3 (X1, X2) 4 “Advanced Compiler
Techniques” I1 = 1 I3= Φ(I1,I2) IF ( I3 > N ) GO TO E K=I3+2 … I2 = I3 + 1 GO TO L L Φ E
Forward Expression Substitution- Algorithm • In order to forward substitute expressions involving
only loop invariant variables and the loop invariant variable: • Examine each SSA edge into a
statement S, which is a candidate for forward substitution. • If the edge comes from the loop, it must
be the Φ-node for the loop induction variable, at the loop beginning. SSA: Static Single-Assignment
Form Compiler Baojian Hua bjhua@ustc.edu.cn Quadruple • A quadruple consists of an , which can
possibly be null. • You should design your own IR package. • Here is a viable example. Despite being
the most popular programming language, Python has not yet received enough attention from the
community. To the best of our knowledge, there is no general static analysis framework proposed to
facilitate the implementation of dedicated Python static analyzers. To fill this gap, we design and
implement such a framework (named Scalpel) a... Predicated Static Single Assignment (PSSA).
Presented by AbdulAziz Al-Shammari shammari@cs.ucsd.edu. Papers. Path Analysis and Renaming
for Predicated Instruction Scheduling - L. Carter, E .Simon, B. Calder, L. Carter, and J. Ferrante
Predicated Static Single Assignment April 1991 · ACM Transactions on Programming Languages
and Systems
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and
personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from
its author. Single Static Assignment • It is a intuitive approach in intermediate-code generation. •
One can be only assigned once. Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation
thereon. The views and conclu- The Single Static Assignment Form • This name comes out of the
fact that each variable has only one definition site in the program. • In other words, the entire
program contains only one point where the variable is assigned a value. • Were we talking about
Single Dynamic Assignment, then we would be saying that during the execution of the program, the
variable is assigned only once. Variable i has two static assignment sites: at L0 and at L4; thus, this
program is not in Static Single Assignment form. Variable s, also has two static definition sites.
Variable x, on the other hand, has only one static definition site, at L2. Nevertheless, x may be
assigned many times dynamically, i.e., during the execution of the program. Rename Variables i = 1 j
= 1 k = 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 j = Φ(j , j )k = Φ(k , k ) k < 100? 1 3 4 1 3 4 5 6 7 j < 20? return j 5 6 j = i k =
k + 1 j = k k = k + 2 1 Walk the dominator tree (in pre-order). 3 2 j = Φ(j , j ) k = Φ(k , k ) 7 EECS
583 – Class 7 Static Single Assignment Form. University of Michigan September 28, 2011. Reading
Material. Today’s class Intermediate Code Generation. Mooly Sagiv msagiv@post.tau.ac.il
Schrierber 317 03-640-7606 Wed 10:00-12:00 html://www.math.tau.ac.il/~msagiv/courses
/wcc01.html Chapter 7 (Chapter 6 next week). Source program (string). Basic Compiler Phases.
lexical analysis. Tokens. syntax analysis. Graph Traversal • Depth First Search • Visit nodes
following edges as deep as possible before returning to the next edge • DFS Outputs • Spanning Tree
(DAG) • Preordered Vertices • Postordered Vertices • ReversePostorder Vertices An Image/Link
below is provided (as is) to download presentation a co mpiler infrastructure recently developed by J
apa nese Content may be subject to copyright. Renaming – Example (After BB6) a0 = b0 = c0 = i0
= a1 = Phi(a0,a) b1 = Phi(b0,b) c1 = Phi(c0,c) d1 = Phi(d0,d) i1 = Phi(i0,i) BB0 BB1 a2 = c2 = var:
a b c d i ctr: 4 4 6 6 2 stk: a0 b0 c0 d0 i0 a1 b1 c1 d1 i1 a2 b3 c2 d3 a3 c5 d5 BB2 b2 = c3 = d2 =
BB3 a3 = d3 = BB4 d4 = BB5 c4 = c5 = Phi(c2,c4) d5 = Phi(d4,d3) BB6 b3 = BB7 i = a =
Phi(a2,a3) b = Phi(b2,b3) c = Phi(c3,c5) d = Phi(d2,d5) What string does s have here? Example 3Set-
based string analysis for C char *s = “”; strcat(s, “begin ”); for (i=0; <i 10; i++) { sprintf(tmp, “%d ”,
i); strcat(s, tmp); } strcat(s, “end”); printf(s); Rename Example TOS a= a1= a1 a0 a1+5 a= Ф(a1,a) a
= a+5 a+5 “Advanced Compiler Techniques” Is the category for this document correct? SSA
Example • Simple Constant Propagation Intuition • If there is a statement v c, where c is a
constant, then all uses of v can be replaced for c. • A function of the form v (c1, c2, …, cn)
where all ci are identical can be replaced for v c. • Using a work list algorithm in a program in
SSA form, we can perform constant propagation in linear time. “Advanced Compiler Techniques”
Induction Variable Substitution • Induction Variable Recognition Placing Φ 1: {} 2: {2} 3: {2} 4: {}
5: {7} 6: {7} 7: {2} Var i: w = defsites(i) = {1} i = 1 j = 1 k = 0 1 k < 100? 2 3 4 j < 20? return j 5 6 j
= i k = k+1 j = k k = k+2 7 Example 2How about this? o1 = 0 e1 = 0 i1 = 0 o2 = f(o1,o7) e2 =
f(e1,e7) i2 = f(i1,i7) if i2 < 100 o4 = f(o3) e4 = f(e3) i4 = f(i3) e6 = e4 + i4 o3 = f(o2) e3 = f(e2) i3
= f(i2) if i3 % 2 == 0 o8 = f(o2) e8 = f(e2) i8 = f(i2) print i8, o8, e8 o7 = f(o4,o6) e7 = f(e6,e5) i6 =
f(i4,i5) i7 = i6 + 1 o5 = f(o3) e5 = f(e3) i5 = f(i3) o6 = o5 + i5 In compiler design, static single
assignment form (often abbreviated as SSA form or simply SSA) is a property of an intermediate
representation (IR), which requires that each variable is assigned exactly once, and every variable is
defined before it is used. Existing variables in the original IR are split into versions, new variables
typically indicated by the original name with a subscript in textbooks, so that every definition gets
its own version. In SSA form, use-def chains are explicit and each contains a single element. UD
Chains & DU Chains can be Expensive int i, j, x, y, z; switch (i){ case 1: x = 1; break; case 2: x = 2;
break; case 3: x = 3; break; case 4: x = 4; break; default: x = 5; break; } z = x; switch (j){ case 1: y =
z+1; break; case 2: y = z-2; break; case 3: y = z*8; break; default: y = z/3; break; } A solution to this
is to limit each variable to have just one definition site. Example 2in minimal SSA form o1 = 0 e1 =
0 i1 = 0 o2 = f(o1,o4) e2 = f(e1,e4) i2 = f(i1,i3) if i2 < 100 if i2 % 2 == 0 e3 = e2 + i2 o3 = o2 + i2
o4 = f(o2,o3) e4 = f(e2,e3) i3 = i2 + 1 print i2, o2, e2 Topics • Phoenix • Architecture • Fundamentals
• Program Analysis • Call Flow • Control Flow • Data Flow • Applied Program Analysis • API Path
Validation • Integer Overflow Detection • Syntax Model Inference a = x + y b = a - 1 a = y + b b =
x * 4 a = a + b a1 = x + y b1 = a1 - 1 a2 = y + b1 b2 = x * 4 a3 = a2 + b2 Example 1 It’s so easy!
Isn’t it? Well… notin general! Example: SSA a1 := 3 d1 := 2 a1 := 3 d1 := 2 d3 = 2 a3 = 3 f1 := 5 g1
:= 5 a2 := 3 true d3 = 2 a3 = 3 f1 := 3 + 2 g1 := 5 a2 := 3 f2 := 6 f2 := 6 f3 := f(6) d2 := 2 d2 := 2
Computing Dominance Frontiers BB0 BB0 BB DF 0 - 1 - 2 7 3 7 4 6 5 6 6 7 7 1 BB1 BB1 BB2
BB3 BB2 BB3 BB4 BB5 BB6 BB4 BB5 BB6 BB7 For each join point X in the CFG For each
predecessor, Y, of X in the CFG Run up to the IDOM(X) in the dominator tree, adding X to DF(N)
for each N between Y and IDOM(X) (or X, whichever is encountered first) BB7 Type text, complete
fillable fields, insert images, highlight or blackout data for discretion, add comments, and more.
patible with the established Java class-file format. We propose a novel approach to transport
This algorithm is extremely costly, because it requires the examination of every triple of nodes x, y, z
and every path leading from x to y. Can we do better? Iterated Path-Convergence Criterion The
function itself is a definition of a. Therefore the path-convergence criterion is a set of equations that
must be satisfied. while there are nodes x, y, z satisfying conditions 1-6 and z does not contain a
function for a do insert a (a, a, …, a) at node z “Advanced Compiler Techniques” Values ≠
Locations int i, sum1=0, sum2=0; for (i=0; i<10; i++) sum1 += i; for (i=0; i<100; i++) sum2 += i;
UNIT – 6 INTERMEDIATE-CODE GENERATION. Introduction. In the analysis-synthesis model
of a compiler The front end analyzes a source program and creates an intermediate representation
The back end generates target code using the intermediate representation Dominator Tree Example
ENTRY ENTRY a EXIT a c b b d c d CFG DT EXIT “Advanced Compiler Techniques” Static
Eliminators. Po 210 Issues. Register Po 210 with Tufts EH&S. Static eliminators may be used in
research laboratories as part of analytical balances, or to neutralize static charges on membrane filters.
These devices may contain Po 210 , a radioactive material Static Method Calls • invokestatic •
invokestatic java/lang/Math/pow(DD)D References [1] R. Cytron, et al., “An efficient method of
computing static single assignment form”, POPL, 1989. [2] A. Appel, “SSA is functional
programming”, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 1998. [3] R. Kelsey, “A correspondence between
continuation passing style andstatic single assignment form”, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 1993. SSA
History • Optimization is IR-dependent: • We’ve discussed optimizations on the AST, TAC or CFG
• Key problem: is there a best IR for optimization? • In late 1980’, researchers at IBM watson
research center developed a new IR: SSA • with many fancy properties • great for optimizations •
Later, SSA is used in many optimizing compilers: • GCC, MS VC, Jikes, MLton, LLVM, hotspot, …
• As a result, SSA becomes a de-factor standard IR for optimizing compilers © 2013 - 2024
studylib.net all other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners Reaching
Definition Analysis • A variable assignment [x := a]l may reach a code location if there is an
execution of the program where x was last assigned at l when the code location is reached • An
assignment reaches the entry of a block if it reaches the exit of any of the blocks that precede it A
characteristic feature of the SSA module in COINS is that Download Policy: Content on the Website
is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed
/ shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. compiler writer to compare and
evaluate various optimization Intermediate Code Generation. Recall. The objective of a compiler is to
analyze a source program and produce target code Front end analyzes the source program and
generates an intermediate code Back end takes the Intermediate code as input and generates the
target code. In your inbox, you may use pdfFiller's add-on for Gmail to generate, modify, fill out,
and eSign your using static single assignment and any other papers you receive, all without leaving
the program. Install pdfFiller for Gmail from the Google Workspace Marketplace by visiting this
link. Take away the need for time-consuming procedures and handle your papers and eSignatures
with ease. Factored Use-Def Chains and Static Single Assignment Forms. Addresses use-def
difficulty with optimization: Multiple defs of the same register Which def reaches use? Is RHS
expression available? FUD/SSA forms: Each def of a variable is given a unique name
Transformations. Learning goal. LG : Identify and plot points in the first quadrant of a Cartesian
plane, using whole number ordered pairs. Kid friendly: Write and place points on an ordered grid
called a Cartesian plane Phoenix Architecture • Phases process IR to provide abstractions such as call
graphs, flow graphs, region graphs, single static assignment (SSA) annotations So, after all, this
pattern matches any multiplication of a variable n times an 8-bit constant c. That’s it! Content may
be subject to copyright. from SSA form into normal intermediate form. ... For a CFG with E edges
and N CFGBlocks, calculating PDF sets has a worstcase complexity of O(E + N 2 ), but is often
linear in practice [19]. ... EECS 583 – Class 5 Hyperblocks, Control Height Reduction. University of
Michigan September 21, 2011. Reading + Announcements Material. Reminder – HW 1 due Friday
at midnight Submit uniquename_hw1.tgz file to andrew.eecs.umich.edu:/y/submit/ Example: SSA a1
:= 3 d1 := 2 a1 := 3 d1 := 2 d3 = 2 a3 = f(3,3) f1 := a3 + 2 g1 := 5 a2 := 3 f1 <= 5 d3 = 2 a3 = 3 f1 :=
3 + 2 g1 := 5 a2 := 3 f1 <= 5 F F T T f2 := 6 5 < 3 f2 := 6 T F f3 := f(f1,6) d2 := 2 f3 := f(f1,6) d2 :=
2 Programmers optimized code Confusing to smart compilers An Example INC = 2 KI = 0 DO I = 1,
100 DO J = 1, 100 KI = KI + INC U(KI) = U(KI) + W(J) ENDDO S(I) = U(KI) ENDDO 8
Intermediate code generation. Zhang Zhizheng seu_zzz@seu.edu.cn. 8.0 Overview. 1.Position of
Intermediate code generator. Intermediate code generator. static checker. Syntax tree. Syntax tree.
Token stream. Intermediate code. parser. Code generator. Static Single Assignment Idea: • Each
definition will be uniquely numbered. • There will be a single reaching definition for each point.
Algorithms for static single assignment are space efficient and take control flow into account. CS540
Spring 2010 Chap. 4, Intermediate Code Generation. Compilation in a Nutshell 1. Source code
(character stream). if (b == 0) a = b;. Lexical analysis. if. (. b. ==. 0. ). a. =. b. ;. Token stream.
Parsing. if. ;. ==. =. Abstract syntax tree (AST). b. 0. a. b. Semantic Analysis. if. Download Policy:
Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not
be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.
Intermediate Code Generation. Mooly Sagiv msagiv@post.tau.ac.il Schrierber 317 03-640-7606
Wed 10:00-12:00 html://www.math.tau.ac.il/~msagiv/courses/wcc01.html Chapter 7 (Chapter 6 next
week). Source program (string). Basic Compiler Phases. lexical analysis. Tokens. syntax analysis.
Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to
download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. Call Graphs •
Traditional call graph generation • Phoenix includes a Call Graph Package that provides module or
program level function relationships Collect all call edges Find edges for Function foreach(Function
in ModuleFunctions) foreach(CallInstruction in Instructions) AddCallEdge(Function, CallTarget))
foreach(Edge in CallEdges) if(Target == Function) EdgesTo.Add(Edge) if(Source == Function)
EdgesFrom.Add(Edge) Dominance Relation • If X appears on every path from ENTRY to Y, then X
dominates Y. • Dominance relation is both reflexive and transitive. • idom(Y): immediate dominator
of Y • Dominator Tree • ENTRY is the root • Any node Y other than ENTRY has idom(Y) as its
parent • Notation: parent, child, ancestor, descendant “Advanced Compiler Techniques” Static Single
Assignment (SSA) Form. Jaeho Shin <netj@ropas.snu.ac.kr> 2005-03-11 16:00 ROPAS Weekly
Show & Tell. Outline. Preliminaries Concept and definition of SSA form Algorithm for computing
SSA form Relation with functional programming continuation passing style Register Traffic • JVM
has an unlimited number of virtual registers • JVM registers typically host a method’s local variables
• JVM registers are untyped • iload 2 • iload_2: abbreviated • istore 10 • aload and astore: for
reference types Introduction to SSA. Data-flow Analysis Revisited – Static Single Assignment (SSA)
Form Liberally Borrowed from U. Delaware and Cooper and Torczon Text. Prelude. SSA: A
program is said to be in SSA form iff each variable is statically defined exactly only once, and
Optimizing Compilers CISC 673 Spring 2011 Static Single Assignment II. John Cavazos University
of Delaware. What is SSA?. Many data-flow problems have been formulated To limit number of
analyses, use single analysis to perform multiple transformations SSA HIR MIR LIR EIR
Lowering Raising Phoenix Intermediate Representation • Mid-level IR (MIR) • Architecture
Independent • Runtime logic explicitly defined • Operands still refer to logical resources More
Abstract Less Abstract There are several rules to cover the conversion of multiplications by powers
of two into left shifts in the generic.rules file. Let’s take a look only at the first one, as all the others
are identical in structure: © 2013 - 2024 studylib.net all other trademarks and copyrights are the
property of their respective owners Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS
IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites
without getting consent from its author. Intermediate Representations (Irs Chapter 4). Mooly Sagiv
Schrierber 313 03-640-7606 http://www.math.tau.ac.il/~sagiv/courses/acd.html. Outline. Issues in IR
design High-Level IRs Medium-Level IRs Low-Level IRs Multi-Level IRs MIR, HIR, and LIR
ICAN Representations Other IRs This algorithm is extremely costly, because it requires the
examination of every triple of nodes x, y, z and every path leading from x to y. Can we do better?
Iterated Path-Convergence Criterion The function itself is a definition of a. Therefore the path-
convergence criterion is a set of equations that must be satisfied. while there are nodes x, y, z
satisfying conditions 1-6 and z does not contain a function for a do insert a (a, a, …, a) at
node z “Advanced Compiler Techniques” Transformations. Math Alliance January 11, 2011. What is
Congruency?. Define it: Alone As a group Ideas?. When are 2 Shapes or Figures Congruent?. We’ve
put congruency into words; now how could you show congruency? Develop a strategy with your
table. Ideas?. Transformation. Definition: Pruned SSA form is based on a simple observation: Φ
functions are only needed for variables that are "live" after the Φ function. (Here, "live" means that
the value is used along some path that begins at the Φ function in question.) If a variable is not live,
the result of the Φ function cannot be used and the assignment by the Φ function is dead. 11 th
Edition Chapter 11. Flexible Budgets and Overhead Analysis. Chapter Eleven. Hmm! Comparing
static budgets with actual costs is like comparing apples and oranges. Static Budgets and
Performance Reports. Static budgets are prepared for a single, planned level of activity. The page
shows the output of every phase of the compilation, once SSA is generated, in collapsible columns.
To make things easier, the page is interactive; try clicking on a value and see how the uses of that
value are highlighted in the same color. This does not only happen within the same column. If you
look at the previous or next columns, you can also quickly see how that value is being modified by
the different phases of the compilation (or if it’s left untouched). You can do the same thing with
blocks (the labels starting with b), which are isolated series of values in the control flow graph of the
function. SSA: Static Single-Assignment Form. Compiler Baojian Hua bjhua@ustc.edu.cn. Middle
End. translation. AST. IR1. translation. IR2. other IR and translation. asm. Optimizations. opt. opt.
translation. AST. IR1. opt. translation. IR2. opt. opt. other IR and translation. asm. The answer is
that we add a special statement, called a Φ (Phi) function, to the beginning of the last block. This
statement will generate a new definition of y, y3, by "choosing" either y1 or y2, depending on which
arrow control arrived from: Placing Φ place_phi () compute defsites(x) for every variable x; for (each
variable x) for (each defsite d in defsites(x)) for (each node n in DF(d)) if we haven’t place Φ, then
put one for x of the form x = Φ(x, …, x); if (n not in defsites(x)) defsites(x) \/= {n}; Phi-Functions
In order to represent this kind of behavior, we use a special notation: the phi-function. Phi-functions
have the semantics of a multiplexer, copying the correct definition, depending on which path they are
reached by the execution flow. What happens once we have multiple phi-functions at the beginning
of a block? Extensions to SSA form can be divided into two categories. SSA. Executive Committee
of the National Mission 5 th December 2013. SSA Goals aligned to RTE Act, 2009. All children in
schools; Bridging gender and social gaps; All children retained in elementary education; and
Education of satisfactory quality. Number of Schools. In lakh. Instance Fields • A class can declare
instance field for which instance-specific storage is allocated • getfield • getfiled Point/x I • putfield •
putfield Point/x I Transformations. Theology and Experience of Women’s Ministry. Introduction.
Key Messages from the Transformations Conference. Celebrate the presence of women as ordained
ministers of the Church. Outline • Overview • Java Virtual Machine • Static Single Assignment Form
Dominance Frontier (DF) 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 3 5 5 6 6 7 12 8 7 8 11 9 11 9 10 12 10 Computing reaches
for one block b may immediately change all other reaches including b itself since reaches(b) is an
input into other reaches equations Archiving correct solutions requires simultaneously solving all
individual equations There is a workaround this Definition-use Graph