NCERT Exemplar For Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables (Book Solutions)

NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10
Mathematics
Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
Sample Questions
24
Sample Question 1: The pair of equations 5x - 15y = 8 and 3x - 9y = has
5
(A) one solution
(B) two solutions
(C) infinitely many solutions
(D) no solution
Ans: Correct answer is option (C)
24
Given equations are 5 x  15 y  8 and 3x  9 y 
5
24
The equation 3x  9 y  can be written as
5
 15x  45 y  24
The equations 5 x  15 y  8 and 15 x  45 y  24
Comparing with a1 x  b1 y  c1 and a2 x  b2 y  c2 , we get:
a1 5 1
 
a 2 15 3
Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 1

b1 15 1
 
b2 45 3
c1 8 1
 
c2 24 3
a1 b1 c1
  
a2 b2 c2
24
Therefore, the pair of equation 5 x  15 y  8 and 3x  9 y  has infinitely many
5
solutions.
Sample Question 2: The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. If 27 is

added to it, the digits of the number get reversed. The number is
(A) 25
(B) 72
(C) 63
(D) 36
Ans: Correct answer is option (D)
Consider ones digit number be x and tens digit number be y .
And, to find the number be x  10 y
We have:
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9
i.e., x  y  9 …………..(i)
And if 27 is added to it, the digits of the number get reversed then,

( x  10 y)  (10 x  y)  27
x  10 y  10 x  y  27
9 y  9 x  27
9( y  x)  27
27
yx
9
y  3  x …………(ii)
Substitute the value of y in equation (i), we get:
3 x  x  9
2x  9  3
6
x
2
x3
Substitute the value of x in equation (ii) , we get:
y  33
y6
Then,
Number  (10 x  y)
Number  10  3  6
Number  30  6
Number  36

EXERCISE 3.1
Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
1. Graphically, the pair of equations
6x - 3y + 10 = 0
2x - y + 9 = 0
represents two lines which are
(A) intersecting at exactly one point.
(B) intersecting at exactly two points.
(C) coincident.
(D) parallel.
Given, the linear equations are 6 x  3 y  10  0 and 2 x  y  9  0
On comparing with a1 x  b1 y  c1 and a2 x  b2 y  c2 , we get:
So, a1  6, b1  3, c1  10
a2  2, b2  1, c2  9
a1 6
 3
a2 2
And
b1 3
 3
b2 1
And

c1 10

c2 9
a1 b1 c1
  
a2 b2 c2
Therefore, the lines representing the given equations are parallel.
2. The pair of equations x + 2y + 5 = 0 and -3x - 6y + 1 = 0 have
(A) a unique solution
(B) exactly two solutions
(D) no solution
From the equations x  2 y  5  0 and 3x  6 y  1  0 .
The above equations are of the form a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0 .
a1 1

a2 3
b1 2 1
 
b2 6 3
c1 5

c2 1
a1 b1 c1
  
a2 b2 c2

Therefore, the pair of equation x  2 y  5  0 and 3x  6 y  1  0 have no solution.
3. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the lines will be
(A) parallel
(B) always coincident
(C) intersecting or coincident
(D) always intersecting
If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then it has unique solutions and infinite
solutions.
a1 b1
If  , then the graph will be a pair of lines intersecting at a unique point, which
a2 b2
is the solution of the pair of equations.
a1 b1 c1
If   , then the graph will be a pair of coincident lines. Each point on the
a2 b2 c2
lines will be a solution, and so the pair of equations will have infinitely many
solutions
4. The pair of equations y = 0 and y = -7 has
(A) one solution
(B) two solutions
(D) no solution

Given the pair of equations are y  0 and y  7
Graph the pair of equations y  0 and y  7
From the above graph y  0 and y  7 are parallel, so the pair of equations y  0
and y  7 have no solutions.
5. The pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically represents lines which are
(A) parallel
(B) intersecting at (b, a)
(C) coincident
(D) intersecting at (a, b)

Given pair of equations x  a and y  b
From the graph, the lines are x  a and y  b intersecting lines and they intersect at
the point ( a, b)
6. For what value of k , do the equations 3x - y + 8 = 0 and 6x - ky = -16

represent coincident lines?
1
(A)
2
1
(B) -
2
(C) 2
(D) –2

Given equations 3x  y  8  0 and 6 x  ky  16
The above equations are of the form a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0
So, a1  3, b1   1, c1  8 and a2  6, b2   k , c2  16
Since, lines are coincident
a1 b1 c1
Therefore,  
a2 b2 c2
So,
3 1 8
 
6  k 16
1 1

k 2
k 2
7. If the lines given by 3x + 2ky = 2 and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0 are parallel, then the

value of k is
-5
(A)
4
2
(B)
5
15
(C)
4
3
(D)
2

Given lines 3x  2ky  2  0 and 2 x  5 y  1  0 are parallel.
On comparing the linear equations with a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0 , we

get:
a1  3, b1  2k , c1  2 and a2  2, b2  5, c2  1
Since, the lines are parallel.
a1 b1 c1
 
a2 b2 c2
3 2k

2 5
15
k
4
8. The value of c for which the pair of equations cx - y = 2 and 6x - 2y = 3 will

have infinitely many solutions is
(A) 3
(B) - 3
(C) - 12
(D) no value
Given pair of equations cx  y  2 and 6 x  2 y  3 will have infinitely many

solutions.
On comparing the linear equations with a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0 , we

get:

a1  c, b1  1, c1  2 and a2  6, b2  2, c2  3 .
since,
Then,
c 1 2
 
6 2 3
c 1 c 2
 and 
6 2 6 3
c  3 and c  4
Here, the value of c has no value because c value has different values.
9. One equation of a pair of dependent linear equations is - 5x + 7y = 2 . The

second equation can be
(A) 10x + 14y + 4 = 0
(B) -10x - 14y + 4 = 0
(C) -10x + 14y + 4 = 0
(D) 10x - 14y = - 4
Given pair of dependent linear equation is  5x  7 y  2
From the equation  5x  7 y  2
a1   5, b1  7, c1   2

a1 b1 c1 1
Then, from the dependent linear condition   
a2 b2 c2 k
5 7 2 1
   
a2 b2 c2 k
where, k is an arbitrary constant.
Substituting k  2 , then
a2  10, b2  14 and c2   4
The required second line becomes a2 x  b2 y  c2  0
 10 x  14 y  4  0
 10 x  14 y  4  0
10. A pair of linear equations which has a unique solution x = 2,y = -3 is
(A) x + y = -1
2x - 3y = -5
(B) 2x + 5y = -11
4x + 10y = -22
(C) 2x - y = 1
3x + 2y = 0
(D) x - 4y - 14 = 0
5x - y - 13 = 0

Ans: Correct answer is option (B, D)
The pair of linear equations which have unique solution x  2, y   3 .
If x  2 and y   3 substitute in all equations it must satisfy the L.H.S=R.H.S
Substitute x  2, y   3 in option (A)
x  y  1 ; 2x  3y   5
2  3  1 ; 2(2)  3( 3)   5
1 1 ; 13   5
True ; False
Substitute x  2, y   3 in option (B)
2 x  5 y   11 ; 4 x  10 y   22
2(2)  5( 3)   11; 4(2)  10( 3)   22
4  15  11 ; 8  30  22
11  11 ;  22  22
Substitute x  2, y  3 in option (C)
2x  y  1 ; 3x  2 y  0
2(2)  (3)  1; 3(2)  3(3)  0
4  3 1 ; 660
7  1 False  ; 0  0  True 
Substitute x  2, y  3 in option (D)

x  4 y  14  0 ; 5 x  y  13  0
2  4(3)  14  0 ; 5(2)  (3)  13  0
2  12  14  0 ; 10  3  13  0
0  0 (True) ; 13  13  0
0  0 (True) ; 0  0 (True)
By substituting the values in x  2, y  3 in options(A), (B), (C) and (D), two

options (B), (D) satisfy the L.H.S=R.H.S .
11. If x = a,y = b is the solution of the equations x - y = 2 and x + y = 4 , then

the values of a and b are, respectively
(A) 3 and 5
(B) 5 and 3
(C) 3 and 1
(D) -1 and -3
Given x  a and y  b
Substitute the values of x  a, y  b in given equations x  y  2 and x  y  4 , then
 a  b  2..(1)
 a  b  4(2)
Add equations (1) and (2)
ab4
a b  2
2a  6

6
a
2
a3
Substitute the value of a in equation (1)
3b  2
 b  2  3
 b 1
Therefore, the value of a  3 and b  1
12. Aruna has only Rs 1 and Rs 2 coins with her. If the total number of coins
that she has is 50 and the amount of money with her is Rs 75 , then the number
of Rs 1 and Rs 2 coins are, respectively
(A) 35 and 15
(B) 35 and 20
(C) 15 and 35
(D) 25 and 25
Consider,
x : Aruna has only Rs 1 coins with her.
y : Aruna has only Rs 1 coins with her.
From the question,
The total number of coins that she has is 50
Total number of coins  x  y  50 …………. (i)

Also, Amount of money with her
=(Number of Rs1  coin1 )  ( Number of Rs2  coin 2 )
 x  2 y  75
Subtract Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), then
( x  2 y)  ( x  y)  (75  50)
So, y  25
Substituting y  25 in eq(i)
 x  25  50
 x  50  25
 x  25
Therefore, Aruna has 25 Re 1 coins and 25 Rs 2 coins.
13. The father's age is six times his son's age. Four years hence, the age of the
father will be four times his son's age. The present ages, in years, of the son and
the father are, respectively
(A) 4 and 24
(B) 5 and 30
(C) 6 and 36
(D) 3 and 24
Consider the present age of father be ' x ' year and the present age of son be ' y ' year.

From the given question, four years hence, the age of the father will be four times
his son's age then
( x  4)  4( y  4)
x  4  4 y  16
x  4 y  12  0 ……..(i)
And the father's age is six times his son's age,
x  6 y ………(ii)
Substituting the value of Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i) then
6 y  4 y  12  0
2 y  12
Therefore, y  6
Substituting y  6 in eq (ii),
x  66
x  36
Therefore, present age of father is 36 years and age of son is 6 years.
Sample Questions
Short Answer Questions with Reasoning
Sample Question 1: Is it true to say that the pair of equations

1 1
-x + 2y + 2 = 0 and x - y - 1 = 0 has a unique solution? Justify your answer.
2 4

Ans: The given equations are in the form a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0
1 1
So, a1  1, b1  2, c1  2 and a2  , b2   , c2  1
2 4
Consider,
a1 1
   2
a2 1
2
b 2
 1   8
b2  1
4
a1 b1
Since, 
a2 b2
1 1
Therefore, the pair of equations  x  2 y  2  0 and x  y  1  0 has a unique
2 4
solution.
Hence, the given statement “Is it true to say that the pair of equations
1 1
 x  2 y  2  0 and x  y  1  0 has a unique solution?” is true.
2 4
Sample Question 2: Do the equations 4x + 3y - 1 = 5 and 12x + 9y = 15 represent

a pair of coincident lines? Justify your answer.
Ans: The equations 4 x  3 y  1  5 and 12 x  9 y  15 represent a pair of coincident

lines.
So, a1  4, b1  3, c1  6 and a2  12, b2  9, c2  15
So that

a1 4 1
 
a2 12 3
b1 3 1
 
b2 9 3
c1 6 2
 
c2 15 5
a1 b1 c1
Here,   ,
a2 b2 c2
Thus, the given equations 4 x  3 y  1  5 and 12 x  9 y  15 does not represent a pair

of coincident lines.
Hence, the given statement “The statement is “the equations 4 x  3 y  1  5 and

12 x  9 y  15 represent a pair of coincident lines?” is true.
Sample Question 3: Is the pair of equations x + 2y - 3 = 0 and 6y + 3x - 9 = 0

consistent? Justify your answer.
Ans: Equations x  2 y  3  0 and 3x  6 y  9  0 are consistent.
So, a1  1, b1  2, c1  3 and a2  3, b2  6, c2  9
Then,
a1 1
 ,
a2 3
b1 2 1
  ,
b2 6 3
c1 3 1
 
c2 9 3

a1 b1 c1
Therefore,   then, the pair of equations is consistent.
a2 b2 c2
EXERCISE 3.2
1. Do the following pair of linear equations have no solution? Justify your

answer.
(i) 2x + 4y = 3
12y + 6x = 6
Ans: Given linear equations 2 x  4 y  3 and 12 y  6 x  6
The above equations are of the form a1 x  b1 y  c1 and a2 x  b2 y  c2
So, a1  2, b1  4, c1  3 and a2  12, b2  6, c2  6
a1 2 1
 
a2 6 3
b1 4 1
 
b2 6 3
And
c1 3 1
 
c2 6 2
a1 b1 c1
From the above   i.e., parallel lines
a2 b2 c2
Therefore, the given pair of linear equations 2 x  4 y  3 and 12 y  6 x  6 has no

solutions.
(ii) x = 2y

y = 2x
Ans: Given, pair of linear equations x  2 y and y  2 x .
Rewrite the equations as x  2 y  0 and y  2 x  0 .
The above equations are of the form a1 x  b1 y  c1 and a2 x  b2 y  c2
So, a1  1, b1  2, c1  0 and a2  2, b2  1, c2  0
a1 1

a2 2
And
b1 2
  2
b2 1
a1 b1
Here, 
a2 b2
Therefore, the given pair of linear equations x  2 y and y  2 x has not unique
solutions.
(iii) 3x + y - 3 = 0
2
2x + y = 2
3
2
Ans: Given, the pair of Linear equations 3x  y  3  0 and 2 x  y2
3
The above equations are of the form a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2
2
So, a1  3, b1  1, c1  3 and a2  2, b2  , c2  2
3

a1 3

a2 2
b1 1 3
 
b2 2 2
3
And
c1 3 3
 
c2 2 2
a1 b1 c1
From the above   i.e., coincident lines
a2 b2 c2
2
Therefore, the given pair of linear equations 3x  y  3  0 and 2 x  y  2 has
3
many solutions.
2. Do the following equations represent a pair of coincident lines? Justify your

answer.
1
(i) 3x + y = 3
7
7x + 3y = 7
1
Ans: Given, the pair of linear equations are 3x  y  3 and 7 x  3 y  7 .
7
1
So, a1  3, b1  , c1  3;
7
And a2  7, b2  3, c2  7

a1 3

a2 7
1
b1 7 1
 
b2 3 21
c1 3 3
 
c2 7 7
a1 b1
From the above 
a2 b2
Therefore, the given pair of linear equations has unique solution.
1
A pair of equations 3x  y  3 and 7 x  3 y  7 does not represent a pair of
7
coincident lines.
(ii) -2x - 3y = 1
6y + 4x = -2
Ans: Given, the pair of linear equations are 2 x  3 y  1  0 and 4 x  6 y  2  0 .
So, a1  2, b1  3, c1  1 , and a2  4, b2  6, c2  2
Then,
a1 2 1
 
a2 4 2
b1 3 1
 
b2 6 2

c1 1

c2 2
a1 b1 c1
Hence,   , i.e. system has infinitely many solutions.
a2 b2 c2
Therefore, the given pair of linear equations 2 x  3 y  1  0 and 4 x  6 y  2  0

represent a pair of coincident lines.
x 2
(iii) +y+ =0
2 5
5
4x + 8y + =0
16
x 2 5
Ans: Given, the pair of linear equations are  y   0 and 4 x  8 y   0 .
2 5 16
1 2 5
So, a1  , b1  1, c1  ; and a2  4, b2  8, c2  ;
2 5 16
Then
a1 1

a2 8
b1 1

b2 8
c1 32

c2 25
a1 b1 c1
Hence,   , i.e. system has no solution.
a2 b2 c2

x 2 5
Therefore, the given pair of linear equations  y   0 and 4 x  8 y   0 does
2 5 16
not represent a pair of coincident lines
3. Are the following pair of linear equations consistent? Justify your answer.
(i) -3x - 4y = 12
4y + 3x = 12
Ans: Given, Pair of linear equations are 3x  4 y  12  0 and 4 y  3x  12  0 .
Then
a1  3, b1  4, c1  12 , a2  3, b2  4, c2  12
So,
a1 3
  1
a2 3
b1 4
  1
b2 4
c1 12
 1
c2 12
a1 b1 c1
Hence,   , system has no solution.
a2 b2 c2
Therefore, the pair of linear equations 3x  4 y  12  0 and 4 y  3x  12  0 is not

consistent.

3 1
(ii) x - y =
5 2
1 1
x - 3y =
5 6
3 1 1 1
Ans: Given, the pair of linear equations are x  y  and x  3 y  .
5 2 5 6
3 1 1 1
So, a1  , b1  1, c1  and a2  , b2  3, c2 
5 2 5 6
Then,
a1
3
a2
b1 1 1
 
b2 3 3
c1
And 3
c2
a1 b1
Hence,  , system has unique solution.
a2 b2
3 1 1 1
Therefore, the pair of linear equations are x  y  and x  3 y  is consistent.
5 2 5 6
(iii) 2ax + by = a
4ax + 2by - 2a = 0;a,b  0
Ans: Given, Pair of linear equations are 2ax  by  a  0 and 4ax  2by  2a  0 .

So, a1  2a, b1  b, c1  a;
a2  4a, b2  2b, c2  2a;
Then,
a1 2a 1
 
a2 4a 2
b1 b 1
 
b2 2b 2
c1 a 1
 
c2 2a 2
a1 b1 c1
Hence,   , system has infinitely many solution.
a2 b2 c2
Therefore, Pair of linear equations are 2ax  by  a  0 and 4ax  2by  2a  0 is

consistent.
(iv) x + 3y = 11
2(2x + 6y) = 22
Ans: Given, Pair of linear equations are x  3 y  11 and 2 x  6 y  11 .
So, a1  1, b1  3, c1  11 and a2  2, b2  6, c2  11
Then,
a1 1

a2 2

b1 1

b2 2
c1
1
c2
a1 b1 c1
Hence,   , system has no solution.
a2 b2 c2
Therefore, Pair of linear equations are x  3 y  11 and 2 x  6 y  11 is not consistent.
4. For the pair of equations  x + 3y = -7 , 2x + 6y = 14 to have infinitely many

solutions, the value of  should be 1 . Is the statement true? Give reasons.
Ans: Pair of linear equations are  x  3 y  7  0 and 2 x  6 y  14  0 .
The above equations are of the form a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2 .
So, a1   , b1  3, c1  7; a2  2, b2  6, c2  14 .
a1 b1 c1
If   , then system has infinitely many solutions.
a2 b2 c2
 3 7
  
2 6 14
Since,
 3

2 6
  1
And

 7

2 14
   1
Therefore,  have different values.
So, the value of  should not be 1 .
Therefore, the given statement “For the pair of equations
 x  3 y  7
2 x  6 y  14 to have infinitely many solutions, the value of  should be 1” is not

true.
5. For all real values of c , the pair of equations x - 2y = 8 and 5x - 10y = c have
a unique solution. Justify whether it is true or false.
Ans: The statement for all real values of c , the pair of equations x  2 y  8 and
5 x  10 y  c have a unique solution is true.
Given the pair of equations x  2 y  8 and 5 x  10 y  c
The above equations are of the form a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2
So, a1  1, b1  2, c1  8 and a2  5, b2  10, c2  c
a1 1

a2 5
b1 2

b2 10

b1 1

b2 5
c1 8

c2 c
a1 b1
From the above  , system has unique solution.
a2 b2
The statement for all real values of c , the pair of equations x  2 y  8 and
5 x  10 y  c have a unique solution is true.
6. The line represented by x = 7 is parallel to the x -axis. Justify whether the

statement is true or not.
Ans: The line represented by x  7 is parallel to the x -axis.
In the given statement the line represented by x  7 is parallel to the x -axis is not
true.
Sample Questions
Sample Question 1: For which values of p and q, will the following pair of linear
equations have infinitely many solutions?
4x + 5y = 2
 2p + 7q  x +  p + 8q  y = 2q - p + 1
Ans: Given: A pair of linear equation
4x  5 y  2
 2 p  7q  x   p  8q  y  2q  p  1

a1 b1 c1
If   , the system has finitely many solutions.
a2 b2 c2
From the given Equations we can derive the below as,
a1 4

a2 2 p  7q
b1 5

b2 p  8q
c1 2

c2 2q  p  1
a1 b1 c1
If   , system has finitely many solutions.
a2 b2 c2
Therefore,
4 5 2
 
2 p  7q p  8q 2q  p  1
So, we can write that,
4 5 4 2
 and 
2 p  7q p  8q 2 p  7 q 2q  p  1
4 p  32q  10 p  35q and 8q – 4 p  4  4 p  14q
6 p  3q  0 and 8 p  6q  4
q  – 2 p .....eq 1 and

4 p  3q  2 .....eq  2 
By substituting the value of q in eq (2) we get:
4p – 6p  2 or

p  –1
Substituting the value of p in eq 1 , we get
q  2
Hence, for p  1 and q  2 the pair of linear equations have infinitely many
solutions.
Sample Question 2: Solve the following pair of linear equations:
21x + 47y = 110

47x + 21y = 162
Ans: A pair of linear equations
21x  47 y  110 .....1

47 x  21y  162 ..... 2 
Multiplying Equation (1) by 21 and Equation (2) by 47 then,
441x  987 y  2310 ..... (3)

2209 x  987 y  7849 ..... (4)
Subtracting Equation (3) from Equation (4), we get
1768x  5548
Therefore, x  3
Substituting value of x in Equation (1) we get,
63  47 y  110
47 y  110  63
47 y  47
y 1

Sample Question 3: Draw the graphs of the pair of linear equations x - y + 2 = 0
and 4x - y - 4 = 0 . Calculate the area of the triangle formed by the lines so drawn
and the x - axis.
Ans: (1) Considering the equation x  y  2  0 .
The line will cut the x axis at y  0 , so at y  0 the value of x  2 . The coordinate
is  2,0  .
It will cut the y axis at x  0 , so at x  0 the value of y  2 . The coordinate is  0, 2 

.
(2) Considering the equation 4 x  y  4  0 .
The line will cut the x axis at y  0 , so at y  0 the value of x  1 . The coordinate is
1,0  .
It will cut the y axis at x  0 , so at x  0 the value of y  4 . The coordinate is (0,
-4).
Therefore, the graph of the two lines is shown below by taking 1 cm  1 unit on the
x axis and 1 cm  1 unit on the y axis: -

The two lines intersect at the point  2, 4  , which can be obtained algebraically by
solving the two equations. The shaded region is the area subtended by the two lines
and the x  axis.
The distance of the point 1,0  from the point  2,0  is 3 units, which is the base
of the triangle.
Now, the distance of the point  2, 4  from the x axis is 4 units, which is the height
of the triangle.
Hence, the area of the triangle
1
  3  4 square units
2
 6 square units
EXERCISE 3.3
1. For which value(s) of λ, do the pair of linear equations
λx + y = λ 2 and x + λy = 1 have
(i) No Solution?
(ii) Infinitely many solutions?
(iii) a unique solution
Ans: The given equations are as follows:
x  y  2  0
x   y 1  0
Comparing the above equations with ax  by  c  0 we get:

a1   , b1  1, c1  –  2
a2  1, b2   , c2  1
(i) For no solution
a1 b1 c1
 
a2 b2 c2
1
  2

so,  2  1;
and  2  
Here, we take only   – 1,
Hence, the system of linear equations has no solution at    1.
(ii) For infinitely many solutions
a1 b1 c1
 
a2 b2 c2
1
 = 2

1
so,   gives   1;

and    2 gives   1,0
Hence, the system of linear equation has infinitely many solution at   1.
(iii) For a unique solution

a1 b1

a2 b2
1
so  

hence,  2 1;
  1;
Hence, the system of linear equation has infinitely many solution at all real values
of  except  1.
2. For which value(s) of k will the pair of equations
kx + 3y = k - 3
12x + ky = k
Have no solution?
Ans: Comparing the above equations with ax  by  c  0 we get:
a1  k , b1  3, c1  – (k  3)
a2  12, b2  k , c2  k
For no solution of the pair of linear equations,

a1 b1 c1
 
a2 b2 c2
k 3
 
 k  3
12 k k
Taking first two parts, we get
k 3

12 k

a1 k
Then, 
a2 12
b1 3

b2 k
c1

 k  3
c2 k
For no solution of the pair of linear equations,
a1 b1 c1
 
a2 b2 c2
k

3

 k  3
12 k k
k 3

12 k
k 2  36
k  6
Taking last two parts, we get

3

 k  3
k k
3k  k  k – 3
k 2 – 6k  0
So, k  0,6
k  6

k 2  36
k  6
3

 k  3
k k
3k  k  k – 3
k 2 – 6k  0
so, k  0,6
Hence for k  6 the given pair of linear equations has no solution.
3. For which values of a and b will the following pair of linear equations have
infinitely many solutions?
x + 2y = 1
(a - b)x + (a + b)y = a + b - 2
Ans: Given pair of linear equations are
x  2y 1
(a  b) x  (a  b) y  a  b  2
Rewrite the above equation, we get:
 x  2 y  1  0 .....(i)
 (a  b) x  (a  b) y  (a  b  2)  0(ii)
On comparing with a1 x  b1 y  c1  0, and a 2 x  b 2 y  c 2  0 , we get
a1  1, b1  2 and c1  -1 [from (i) ]
a2  (a  b), b2  (a  b) and c2  (a  b  2) [from (ii) ]

a1 b1 c1
The system has infinitely many solutions if  
a2 b2 c2
1 2 1
  
a  b a  b (a  b  2)
Choose the first two parts, we get:
1 2

a b a b
 a  b  2a  2b
 2a  a  2b  b
 a  3b ….(iii)
Taking last two parts,
2 1

a  b (a  b  2)
 2a  2b  4  a  b
 a  b  4  (iv)
Now, solve the equation (iii) and (iv), we get
 3b  b  4
 4b  4
 b 1
Put the value of b in eq. (iii), we get
a  3 1
a 3
So, the value ( a, b)  (3,1) satisfies all the parts.

Hence, required values of a and b are 3 and 1 respectively for which the given pair
of linear equations has infinitely many solutions.
4. Find the value(s) of p in (i) to (iv) and p and q in (v) for the following pair of
equations:
(i) 3x - y - 5 = 0 and 6x - 2y - p = 0 , if the lines represented by these equations
are parallel.
3x  y  5  0 .... (1)
and 6x  2y  p  0 .... (2)
a1  3, b1  1 and c1  5 [from (1)]
a2  6, b2  2, c2   p [from (2) ]
Since, the lines represented by these equations are parallel, then
a1 b1 c1
 
a2 b2 c2
3 1 5
 
6 2  p
1 5

2  p
1 5
 
2 p

 p  10 .
Hence, the given pair of linear equations are parallel for all real values of p except
10
(ii) -x + py = 1 and px – y = 1 , if the pair of equations has no solution.
Ans: Given pair of linear equation are
 x  py – 1  0 1
px – y – 1  0  2 
a1  1, b1  p and c1  1 [from (1) ]
a2  p, b2  1 and c2  1 [from (2) ]
Since, the pair of linear equations has no solution.
i.e., both lines are parallel to each other
a1 b1 c1
  
a2 b2 c2
1 p 1
  
p 1 1
1 p

p 1
 p2  1
 p  1

p 1

1 1
 p  1
Hence, the given pair of linear equations has no solution for p  1 .
(iii) -3x + 5y = 7 and 2px – 3y = 1 , if the lines represented by these equations are
intersecting at a unique point.
Ans: Given, pair of linear equations are
3x  5 y  7  0 ....(1)
2 px  3 y  1  0 ....(2)
a1  3, b1  5 and c1  7 [from (1) ]
a 2  2p, b 2  3 and c 2  1 [from (2) ]
Since, the lines are intersecting at a unique point,
i.e. it has a unique solution.
a1 b1
 
a2 b2
3 5
 
2 p 3
 9  10 p
9
 p
10

Hence, the lines represented by these equations are intersecting at a unique point for
9
all real values of p except
10
(iv) 2x + 3y – 5 = 0 and px – 6y – 8 = 0 , if the pair of equations has a unique

solution.
2 x  3 y  5  0 (1)
px  by  8  0 (2)
a1  2, b1  3 and c1  5 from (1)]
a 2  p, b 2  6 and c 2  8 [from (2)]
Since, the pair of linear equations has a unique solution,
a1 b1
 
a2 b2
2 3
 
p 6
 p  4
Hence, the pair of linear equations has a unique solution for all values of p except
4.
(v) 2x + 3y = 7 and 2px + py = 28 – qy , if the pair of equations have infinitely
many solutions.
2x  3y  7

2px  py  28  qy
Rewrite the equations, we get:
 2x  3y  7  0 ....(1)
 2px  (p  q)y  28  0 ...(2)
a1  2, b1  3 and c1  7 [from (1)]
a 2 = 2p, b 2 = (p + q) and c2  28 [from (2)]
Since, the pair of equations has infinitely many solutions

i.e., both lines are coincident.
a1 b1 c1
  
a2 b2 c2
2 3 7
  
2 p ( p  q) 28
Taking first and third parts, we get
2 7

2 p 28
1 1
 
p 4
 p4
Again, taking last two parts, we get
3 7

p  q 28

3 1
 
pq 4
 p  q  12
 4  q  12 [ p  4]
 q 8
Hence, the pair of equations has infinitely many solutions for the values of p  4
and q  8 .
5. Two straight paths are represented by the equations x – 3y = 2 and

-2x + 6y = 5 . Check whether the paths cross each other or not.
Ans: Given linear equations are
x  3 y  2  0 (i)
and 2x  6y  5  0 (ii)
a1  1, b1  3 and c1  2 [from (i)]
a2  2, b2  6 and c2  5 [from (ii)]
a1 1
Here, 
a2 2
b1 3 1
 
b2 6 2
c1 2 2
and  
c2 5 5

a1 b1 c1
i.e.,   system has no solution.
a2 b2 c2
Thus, lines are parallel.
Hence, two straight paths represented by the given equations never cross each other,
because they are parallel to each other.
6. Write a pair of linear equations which has the unique solution x = - 1, y = 3 .

How many such pairs can you write?
Ans: Let the equations are a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0
If a1a 2  b1 b 2 , then pair of system have unique solution.
Given, x  1 and y  3 is the unique solution of these two equations.
Then it must satisfy the given equation.
a1 (1)  b1 (3)  c1  0
 a1  3 b1  c1  0 (i)
and a 2 (1)  b 2 (3)  c 2  0
 a 2  3 b 2  c 2  0 (ii)
So, many values of a1 ,a 2 , b1 , b 2 ,c1 and c 2 satisfy the eq. (i) and eq. (ii).
Hence, infinitely many pairs of linear equations are possible.
y
7. If 2x + y = 23 and 4x – y = 19 , find the values of 5y – 2x and –2 .
x
Ans: Given equation are

2x  y  23 (i)
and 4x  y  19 (ii)
On adding both equations, we get
6 x  42
x7
Put the value of x in eq. (i), we get
2(7)  y  23
 14  y  23
 y  23  14
y9
We have, 5 y  2 x  5  9  2  7  45  14  31
y 9 9  14 5
and 2 2 
x 7 7 7
y  5
Hence, the values of (5 y  2 x) and   2  are 31 and  respectively.
x  7
8. Find the values of x and y in the following rectangle (see figure).

Ans: By property of rectangle,
Lengths are equal i.e., CD  AB
 x  3 y  13 (i)
Breadth are equal i.e., AD  BC
 3x  y  7 (ii)
On multiplying eq. (ii) by 3 and then subtracting eq. (i), we get
8x  8
 x 1
On putting x  1 in eq.(i), we get
3 y  12
 y4
Hence, the required values of x and y are 1 and 4 , respectively.
9. Solve the following pairs of equations:

0.6
(i) x + y = 3.3, = -1, 3x - 2y  0
3x - 2y
x  y  3.3 (1)
0.6
 1
3x  2 y
 0.6  3x  2 y
3 x  2 y  0.6 (2)
Now, multiplying eq. (1) by 2 and then adding with eq. (2), we get
5x  6
6
x  1.2
5
Now, put the value of x in eq. (1), we get
1.2  y  3.3
 y  3.3  1.2
 y  2.1
Hence, the required values of x and y are 1.2 and 2.1 respectively.
x y 5x y
(ii) + = 4, - =4
3 4 6 8
Ans: Given, pair of linear equations are
x y
  4
3 4

 4 x  3 y  48 ...(1)
5x y
and  4
6 8
 20 x  3 y  96 ...(2)
Now, adding eq. (1) and eq. (2), we get
24x  144
x 6
4  6  3 y  48
 3y  48  24
 3y  24
 y 8
Hence, the required values of x and y are 6 and 8, respectively.
6 8
(iii) 4x + = 15, 6x - = 14, y  0
y y
6
4x   15 ....(1)
y
8
and 6 x   14 ....(2)
y
1
Let u  , then above equations become
y

4 x  6u  15 ...(3)
and 6 x  8u  14 ...(4)
On multiplying eq. (3) by 8 and eq. (4) by 6 and then adding both of them, we get
68x  204
x 3
4  3  6u  15
 6u  15  12
 6u  3
1
u 
2
1 1  1
  u
y 2  y 
 y2
Hence, the required values of x and y are 3 and 2 , respectively.
1 1 1 1
(iv) - = -1, + = 8, x, y  0
2x y x 2y
1 1
  1 (1)
2x y
1 1
and   8 ...(2)
x 2y

1 1
Put u  and v  , then the above equations become
x y
u
 v  1
2
 u  2v  2  (3)
v
and u  8
2
 2u  v  16 (4)
On multiplying eq. (4) by 2 and then adding with eq. (3), we get
5u  30
u 6
Now, put the value of u in eq. (4), we get
2  6  v  16
 v  16  12  4
v 4
1 1 1 1
x   and y  
u 6 v 4
1 1
Hence, the required values of x and y are and respectively.
6 4
(v) 43x + 67y = -24, 67x + 43y = 24
43x  67 y  24 ...(1)
and 67 x  43 y  24 ...(2)

On multiplying eq. (1) by 43 and eq. (2) by 67 and then subtracting eq (1) from eq
(2), we get
(67) 2
 (43) 2  x  24(67  43)
 (67  43)(67  43) x  24  110  a 2

 b 2   (a  b)(a  b) 
 110  24 x  24 110
 x 1
43 1  67 y  24
 67 y  24  43
 67 y  67
 y  1
Hence, the required values of x and y are 1 and 1, respectively.
x y x y
(vi) + = a + b, + = 2, a, b  0
a b a2 b2
x y
  a  b(1)
a b
x y
and   2 ...(2)
a 2 b2
1
On multiplying eq. (1) by and then subtracting from eq. (2), we get
a

1 1  b
y 2    2 1
 b ab  a
 a b b  a b
 y   1   
   a 
2
ab a
ab 2
 y  y  b2
a
Now, put the value of y in eq. (2), we get
x b2
 2
a 2 b2
x
  2 1  1
a2
 x  a2
Hence, the required values of x and y are a2 and b2 , respectively.
2xy 3 xy -3
(vii) = , = , x + y  0, 2x - y  0
x + y 2 2x - y 10
Ans: Given pair of equations are
2 xy 3

x y 2
x y 2
 
2 xy 3
x y 4
  
xy xy 3
1 1 4
  
y x 3

xy 3
and  ,
2 x  y 10
2 x  y 10
 
xy 3
2 x y 10
  
xy xy 3
2 1 10
  
y x 3
1 1
Now, put  u and  v ,
x y
then the above equations become
4
vu  ....(3)
3
10
and 2v  u  ...(4)
3
On adding both equations, we get
4 10 6
3v   
3 3 3
 3v  2
2
 v
3
Now, put the value of v in eq. (3). we get
2 4
u 
3 3

4 2 6
u    2
3 3 3
1 1
 x 
u 2
and
1
y
v
1 3
 
 2  2
 
 3 
1 3
Hence, the required values of x and y are and respectively.
2 2
x y x y
10. Find the solution of the pair of equations + - 1 = 0 and + = 15 .
10 5 8 6
Hence, find λ, if y = λx + 5 .
x y
Ans: Given pair of equations are  1  0
10 5
 x  2 y  10  0(i)
 x  2 y  10
x y
and   15
8 6
 3x  4 y  360 ...(ii)
On multiplying eq. (i) by 2 and then subtracting from eq. (ii), we get
(3x  4 y)  (2 x  4 y)  360  20

 x  340
Put the value of x in eq. (i), we get
340  2 y  10
 2 y  10  340  330
 y  165
Now, y   x  5
Put the values of x and y in above relation, we get
165   (340)  5
 340  170
1
 
2
Hence, the solution of the pair of equations are x  340, y  165 and the required
1
value of  is  .
2
11. By the graphical method, find whether the following pair of equations are
consistent or not. If consistent, solve them.
(i) 3x + y + 4 = 0, 6x – 2y + 4 = 0
Ans: (i) Given pair of equations are
3x  y  4  0 ... (1)
6 x  2 y  4  0 (2)

a1  3, b1 1 and c1  4 [from, (1)]
a 2  6, b 2  2 and c 2  4 [from (2)]
a1 3 1
Here,  
a2 6 2
b1 1

b2 2
c1 4 1
and,  
c2 4 1
a1 b1

a2 b2
So, the given pair of linear equations are intersecting at one point, therefore these
lines have unique solution.
Hence, given pair of linear equations are consistent.
We have, 3x  y  4  0
 y  4  3x We have , 3x  y  4  0
 y   4  3x
x 0 -1 -2
y -4 -1 2
And 6 x  y  4  0
 2 y  6 x  4  y  3x  2
x -1 0 1
y -1 2 5

Plot the points B(0, 4) and A(2,2) , and join it. We get the straight line AB .
Plot the point Q(0, 2) and P(1,5) and join it. We get the straight line PQ . The lines
AB and PQ intersect at C(1, 1) .
(ii) x – 2y = 6, 3x – 6y = 0
Ans: Given pair of equation is
x  2 y  6(1)
and 3 x  6 y  0(2)
a 1  1, b1  2 and c1  6 [from (1)]
a 2  3, b 2  6 and c 2  0 [from (2)]
a1 1
Here, 
a2 3

b1 2 1

b2 6 3
c1 6
and 
c2 0
a1 b1 c1
  
a2 b2 c2
Hence, the lines represented by the given equations are parallel.
Therefore, it has no solution. So, the given pair of lines is inconsistent.
(iii) x + y = 3, 3x + 3y = 9
Ans: Given pair of equation are
x y 3
 x  y  3  0(1)
and 3x  3 y  9
 3x  3y  9  0 ... (2)
a1  1, b1  1 and c1  3 [from (1) ]
a 2  3, b 2  3 and c 2  9 [from (2)]
a1 1
Here, 
a2 3
b1 1

b2 3

c1 3 1
and  
c2 9 3
a1 b1 c1
  
a2 b2 c2
So, the given pair of lines is coincident.
Therefore, these lines have infinitely many solutions.
Hence, the given pair of linear equations are consistent.
Now, x  y  3
 y 3 x
x 0 3 2
y 3 0 1
and
3x  3 y  9
 3 y  9  3x
9  3x
 y
3
x 0 1 3
y 3 2 0
Plotting the points we get the graph of lines.

We observe that the lines represented by (i) and (ii) are coincident.
12. Draw the graph of the pair of equations 2x+y =4 and 2x – y = 4 . Write the
vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the y-axis. Also, find the area
of this triangle?
Ans: Consider the line 2 x  y  4
 y  4  2x
x 0 2
y 4 0
Now, consider the line
2x – y  4
 y  2x – 4
x 0 2
y 4 0

Graphical representation of both lines are as follows:
Here, both lines and y -axis form ABC
Hence, the vertices of a ABC are A(0,4), B(2,0) and C(0, 4)
1
 Required area of ABC  2  Area of AOB  2   4  2  8 sq units
2
Hence, the required area of the triangle is 8 sq units.
13. Write an equation of a line passing through the point representing solution
of the pair of linear equations x + y = 2 and 2x - y = 1 . How many such lines can
we find?
x  y  2  0 (1)
and 2x  y  1  0 (2)
a1  1, b1  1 and c1  2 [from (1) ]

a 2  2, b 2  1 and c 2  1 [from (2)]
a1 b1
  , System is unique solution i.e. consistent.
a2 b2
Hence, both lines intersect at a point.
Consider the line x  y  2
 y 2 x
x 0 2 1
y 2 0 1
The line 2 x  y  1  0
y  2x  1
x 0 ½ 1
y -1 0 1

The given lines intersect at E(1,1) .
Hence, infinite lines can pass through the intersection point of linear equations
x  y  2 and 2x  y  1 .
14. If x + 1 is a factor of 2x3 + ax2 + 2bx +1 , then find the values of a and b given
that 2a – 3b = 4.
Ans: Let f  x   2 x 3  ax 2  2bx  1 , and
x 1  0
 x  1
Putting x  1 in f  x 
f  x   2 x 3  ax 2  bx  1
f  1  2 x 3  ax 2  2bx  1
 2  1  a  1  2b  1  1  0

3 2
 2  a  2b  1  0
 a  2b  1  0 ... i 
Now, 2a – 3b  4 (given)
 2a – 3b  4
 2a  4 
b 
 3 
Putting the value of b , in equation  i 
 2a  4 
a  2  1  0
 3 

 32  a  2a  4   3  0
 3a  4  8  3  0
 a  5  0
a 5
Putting the value of a , in equation  i 
5  2b  1  0
 2b  4
b  2
Hence, the values of a and b are 5 and 2
15. The angles of a triangle are x, y and 40° . The difference between the two
angle x and y is 30° . Find x and y .
Ans: According to the given question
x  y  30
 x  y  30... i 
Since, sum of all sides of a triangle is 180
 x  y  40  180
 y  30  y  40  180 (from equation  i  )
 2 y  70  180
 2 y  110
 y  55

Putting the value of y in equation  i 
x  y  30
 x  55  30
 85
The value of x and y is 85 and 55 , respectively.
16. Two years ago, Salim was thrice as old as his daughter and six years later,
he will be four years older than twice her age. How old are they now?
Ans: Let Salim and his daughter’s age be x and y year respectively.
Now, according to question
Two years ago, Salim was thrice as old as his daughter
 x  2  3 y  2 
 x  2  3y  6
 x  3 y  4
 x  3y  4
Again according to the given question, six years later, Salim will be four years older
than twice daughter’s age.
x  6  2  y  6  4
 x  6  2 y  12  4
 x  6  2 y  16
 x  2 y  10... i 
Now, putting the value of x in equation  i 

 x  2 y  10
  3 y  4   2 y  10
 3 y  4  2 y  10
 y  14
Now, putting the value of y in equation  i 
x  3y  4
 3  14  4
 38
Thus, Salim and his daughter’s age are 38 year and 14 year, respectively.
17. The age of the father is twice the sum of the ages of his two children. After
20 years, his age will be equal to the sum of the ages of his children. Find the
age of the father.
Ans: Let the present age (in year) of father and his two children be x, y and z year,
respectively.
According to the question
x  2  y  z  i 
And after 20 year
 x  20    y  20    z  20 
 y  z  40  x  20
 y  z  x – 20
On putting the value of  y  z  in equation  i  and get the present age of father.

x  2  x  20 
 x  2 x – 40
  x  40
 x  40
Thus, the father’s age is 40 year.
18. Two numbers are in the ratio 5 : 6. If 8 is subtracted from each of the
numbers, the ratio becomes 4 : 5 . Find the numbers.
Ans: Let the two numbers be x and y .
Two numbers are in the ratio 5:6 (given)
x 5

y 6
5y
x
6
If 8 is subtracted from each of the numbers, the ratio becomes 4:5 (given)
x 8 4

y 8 5
 5  x  8  4  y  8
 5x  40  4 y  32
 5x  4 y  8
 5y 
 5    4 y  8 (from equation  i  )
 6 
25 y  24 y
 8
6
 y  48

Putting the value of y in equation  i 
5y
x
6
5  48
x
6
 58
 40
The value of x and y is 40 and 48 , respectively.
19. There are some students in the two examination halls A and B . To make the
number of students equal in each hall, 10 students are sent from A to B . But if
20 students are sent from B to A , the number of students in A becomes double
the number of students in B . Find the number of students in the two halls.
Ans: Let the number of students in halls A and B are x and y , respectively.
Now, by according to the question,

x  10  y  10
 x – y  20  i 
and  x  20   2  y  20 
 x  2 y  60 ii 
On subtracting equation  ii  from equation  i  , we get
  x  y    x  2 y   20  60
 x  y  x  2 y  80
 y  80
On putting y  80 in equation  i  , we get:

x – 80  20
 x  100
and y  80
Hence, 100 students are in hall A and 80 students are in hall B .
20. A shopkeeper gives books on rent for reading. She takes a fixed charge for
the first two days, and an additional charge for each day thereafter. Latika paid
Rs 22 for a book kept for six days, while Anand paid Rs 16 for the book kept
for four days. Find the fixed charges and the charge for each extra day.
Ans: Let Latika takes a fixed charge for the first two day is Rs x and additional
charge for each day thereafter is Rs y .
Latika paid Rs 22 for a book kept for six days i.e.,
For Latika, Number of days = 6 = 2 (fixed days) + 4 (additional days).
x  4 y  22 ... i 
Anand paid Rs 16 for a book kept for four days i.e.,

For Anand, Number of days = 4 = 2 (fixed days) + 2 (additional days).
x  2 y  16 ... ii 
Now, subtracting equation  ii  from equation  i  , we get

2y  6
 y 3
On putting the value of y in equation  ii  , we get
 x  2  3  16
 x  16  6
 10
Hence, the fixed charge  Rs 10

and the charge for each extra day  Rs 3
21. In a competitive examination, one mark is awarded for each correct answer
1
while mark is deducted for every wrong answer. Jayanti answered 120
2
questions and got 90 marks. How many questions did she answer correctly?
Ans: Total number of question  120 .
Let x be the number of correct answers.
The number of wrong answers = 120  x  .
The marks score by Jayanti is 90 .

Now, according to the given question
1
x  1  120  x    90
2
 2 x  120  x  180
 3x  180  120
 3x  300
 x  100
Thus, Jayanti answered correctly 100 questions.
22. The angles of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD are A =  6x + 10  °, B =  5x  °

, C =  x + y  °, D =  3y – 10  °
Find x and y , and hence the values of the four angles.
Ans: Since, the sum of two opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral is 180
A  C  180 and B  D  180

A  C  180
  6 x  10     x  y    180
  7 x    y  170
 y  170   7 x  ... i 
B  D  180
  5 x     3 y – 10    180
  5 x     3 y    190... ii 
Now, equating equation  i  and  ii 
  5 x    3 170   7 x     190
  5 x    510   21x    190
  16 x    320
Negative sign will get eliminated

 x  20
Now, putting value of x in equation  i 
y  170   7 x  
=170   7  20  
 170  140
 30
Thus, four angle of a cyclic quadrilateral are:

A   6 x  10  
  6  20  10  
 130  
B   5 x  
  5  20  
 100  
C   x  y  
  20  30  
  50  
D   3 y – 10  
  3  30  10  
  90  10  
 80
Sample Questions
Sample Question 1: Draw the graphs of the lines x = -2 and y = 3. Write the
vertices of the figure formed by these lines, the x  axis and the y  axis. Also,
find the area of the figure.
Ans: The graph of x  2 is a line parallel to y  axis present at 2 units distance to

the left of it.
Thus, the line l is the graph of x  2 .
The graph of y  3 is a line parallel to the x  axis at 3 units distance above it.
Thus, the line m is the graph of y  3 .

The figure enclosed by x  2, y  3 , x  axis and y  axis is OABC .
The vertices of OABC are O(0,0), A(0,3), B(2,3), C(2,0) .
The length of OABC is 2 units.
The breadth of OABC is 3 units.
Area of a rectangle  l  b
Therefore, area of rectangle OABC  2  3  6 sq. units.
Sample Question 2: Determine, algebraically, the vertices of the triangle formed

by the lines 5x - y = 5, x + 2y = 1 and 6x + y = 17 .
Ans: The common solution of the two equations forming its two sides is the vertex
of triangle. So, solving the given equations pairwise gives us the required vertices of
the triangle.
The three pairs of equations are:
5x  y  5 and x  2 y  1
x  2y 1 and 6 x  y  17

5x  y  5 and 6 x  y  17
Solving the first pair of equations 5x  y  5 and x  2 y  1 :
 x  1, y  0 .
Thus, one vertex of the triangle is (1,0)
Solving the second pair of equations x  2 y  1 and 6 x  y  17 :
 x  3, y  1.
Thus, other vertex of the triangle is (3, 1)
Solving the third pair of equations 5x  y  5 and 6 x  y  17 :
 x  2, y  5 .
Thus, the third vertex of triangle is (2,5).
Therefore, the three vertices of the triangle are (1,0), (3, 1) and (2,5) .
Sample Question 3: Jamila sold a table and a chair for Rs 1050 , thereby making
a profit of 10% on the table and 25% on the chair. If she had taken a profit of
25% on the table and 10% on the chair she would have got Rs 1065 . Find the
cost price of each.
Ans: Assume that the cost price of the table is Rs x and the cost price of the chair is
Rs y .
10 110
The selling price of table when sold at a profit of10%  Rs x  x  Rs x.
100 100
25 125
The selling price of chair when sold at a profit of 25%  Rs y  y  Rs y.
100 100

110 125
 x y  1050 ...1
100 100
When the table is sold at a profit of 25% , then selling price
 25  125
 Rs  x  x   Rs x.
 100  100
When the chair is sold at a profit of 10% , then selling price
 10  110
 Rs  y  y   Rs y.
 100  100
125 110
 x y  1065 ...(2)
100 100
From (1) and (2) ,
 110 x  125 y  105000 and 125x  110 y  106500
By adding and subtracting these equations,
 235x  235 y  211500 and 15 x  15 y  1500
i.e. x  y  900 ... 3
and x  y  100 ... 4 
From (3) and (4) ,
 x  500, y  400 .
Therefore, the cost price of table is Rs 500 and the cost price of chair is Rs 400 .
Sample Question 4: It can take 12 hours to fill a swimming pool using two pipes.
If the pipe of larger diameter is used for 4hours and the pipe of smaller diameter

for 9 hours, only half the pool can be filled. How long would it take for each
pipe to fill the pool separately?
Ans: Assume the time taken by the pipe of larger diameter to fill the pool as x hours
and that taken by the pipe of smaller diameter pipe as y hours.
In x hours, the pipe having larger diameter fills the pool.
1
Thus, in 1 hour the pipe of larger diameter fills part of pool.
x
4
In 4 hours, the pipe of larger diameter fills part of pool.
x
9
In 9 hours, the pipe of smaller diameter fills part of pool.
y
4 9 1
   ...(1)
x y 2
Using both pipes, the pool can be filled in 12 hours.
12 12
  1 ...(2)
x y
1 1
Let  u and  v .
x y
Then (1) and (2) will become:
1
 4u  9v  ...(3)
2
And 12u  12v  1 ...(4)
Multiply equation (3) by 3 and subtract equation (4) from it.

1
 15v 
2
1
v
30
Substituting the value of v in equation (4) ,
1 1
u  , v
20 30
1 1 1 1
  , 
x 20 y 30
 x  20, y  30
Therefore, the pipe of larger diameter alone can fill the pool in 20 hours and the pipe
of smaller diameter alone can fill the pool in 30 hours.
EXERCISE 3.4:
1. Graphically, solve the following pair of equations:
2x + y = 6 and 2x - y + 2 = 0
Find the ratio of the areas of the two triangles formed by the lines representing
these equations with the x - axis and the lines with the y - axis.
Ans: Table for the line 2 x  y  6 is as follows:
x 0 3
y 6 0
Table for the line 2 x  y  2  0 is as follows:
x 0 1
y 2 0

Graph of the lines is as follows:
So, the pair of equations intersect graphically at E(1, 4) i.e. x  1 and y  4 .
Let A1 and A2 represent the areas of ACE and BDE .
1 1
A1  Area of ACE   AC  PE   4  4  82 .
2 2
1 1
And A2  Area of BDE   BD  QE   4  1  2 .
2 2
Therefore, the required ratio  A1 : A 2  8 : 2  4 :1 .
2. Determine, graphically, the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines

y = x, 3y = x and x + y = 8 .
Ans: Table for the line y  x is as follows:
x 0 1 2
y 0 1 2

Table for the line 3y  x is as follows:
x 0 3 6
y 0 1 2
Table for the line x  y  8 is as follows:
x 0 4 8
y 8 4 0
Graph of the lines is as follows:
The lines y  x and 3y  x intersect the line x  y  8 at Q and D .
Thus, OQD is formed by these lines.
Therefore, the vertices of OQD are O(0,0), Q(4,4) and D(6,2).
3. Draw the graphs of the equations x = 3,x = 5 and 2x - y - 4 = 0 . Also find the
area of the quadrilateral formed by the lines and the x -axis.
Ans: The given equation of lines are 2 x  y  4  0, x  3andx  5 .

Table for the line 2 x  y  4  0 is as follows:
x 0 2
y 4 0
Plot (0, 4) and (2,0) and join these points to get the graph of 2 x  y  4  0 . Draw
x  3 and x  5 .
From the graph, ABCD is the quadrilateral formed by the given lines and x  axis.
AB = OB - OA = 5 - 3 = 2,AD = 2 and. BC = 6
1
Area of quadrilateral ABCD   distance between parallel lines x sum of parallel
2
1 1
sides  AB  ( AD  BC )   2  (2  6)  8sq.units  8 sq. units.
2 2
Therefore, the area of the quadrilateral is 8 sq. units.

4. The cost of 4 pens and 4 pencils boxes is 100 . Three times the cost of a pen
is ₹ 15 more than the cost of a pencil box. Form the pair of linear equations for
the above situation. Find the cost of a pen and a pencil box.
Ans: Let the cost of one pen be x and the cost of one pencil box be y .
 4 x  4 y  100
 x  y  25.....(1)
and 3x  y  15
 3x  y  15......(2)
Add equation (1) and equation (2) ,
 4 x  40
 x  10
Substitute x  10 in equation (1) ,
 y  25  10  15
Therefore, the cost of one pen and one pencil box are ₹10 and ₹15 , respectively.
5. Determine, algebraically, the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines

3x - y = 3,2x - 3y = 2 and x + 2y = 8 .
Ans: The common solution of the two equations forming its two sides is the vertex
of triangle.
Consider, the two lines AB :3x  y  3, BC : 2 x  3 y  2
Multiply 3x  y  3 by 3 and subtract 2 x  3 y  2 from it.
 9x  3 y    2x  3 y   9  2
 7x  7
 x 1

Put x in 3x  y  3:
 3 1  y  3
 y0
Thus, vertex B is (1,0) .
Now, consider the two lines AC : x  2 y  8 and BC : 2x  3 y  2 .
Multiply x  2 y  8 by 2 and subtract 2x  3 y  2 from it.
 (2 x  4 y)  (2 x  3 y)  16  2
 7 y  14
y2
Put y in x  2 y  8 :
 x  2 2  8
 x  84
x4
Thus, vertex C is (4, 2) .
Now, consider the lines AB : 3x  y  3 and AC : x  2 y  8
Multiply 3x  y  3 by 2 and add x  2 y  8
 (6 x  2 y)  ( x  2 y)  6  8
 7 x  14
x2
Put x in 3x  y  3 :
 3 2  y  3

 y  63
 y 3
Thus, vertex A is (2,3) .
Therefore, the vertices of the ABC are A(2,3), B(1,0) and C(4, 2) .
6. Ankita travels 14km to her home partly by rickshaw and partly by bus. She
takes half an hour, if she travels 2km by rickshaw, and the remaining distance
by bus. On the other hand, if she travels 4km by rickshaw and the remaining
distance by bus, she takes 9 minutes longer. Find the speed of the rickshaw and
of the bus.
Ans: Let the speed of rickshaw and bus be x km / h and y km / h , respectively.
The time taken to travel 2 km by rickshaw:
distance
As speed  ,
time
2
 t1  hours
x
And the time taken to travel the remaining distance i.e. (14  2)  12 km by bus,
12
t2  hours.
y
1
Given that t1  t2 
2
2 12 1
   (i)
x y 2
4
The time taken to travel 4 km by rickshaw is t 3  hours.
x

And the time taken to travel the remaining distance i.e. (14  4)  10 km by bus is
10
t4  hours.
y
1 9 1 3
Given that t3  t4    
2 60 2 20
4 10 13
   ..  ii 
x y 20
1 1
Let  u and  v , then equation  i  and equation  ii  will become:
x y
1
2u  12v   iii 
2
13
And 4u  10v   iv 
20
Multiply equation  iii  by 2 and subtract equation  iv  from it.
13
 (4u  24v)  (4u  10v)  1 
20
7
 14v 
20
1
 2v 
20
1
v
40
Put v in equation  iii  , we get:
 1  1
 2u  12   
 40  2
1 3 53
 2u   
2 10 10

2
 2u 
10
1
u 
10
1
As, u
x
1 1
 
x 10
 x  10
1
And as v
y
1 1
 
y 40
 y  40
Therefore, the speeds of rickshaw and bus are 10 km / h and 40 km / h , respectively.
7. A person, rowing at the rate of 5 km / h in still water, takes thrice as much

time in going 40 km upstream as in going 40 km downstream. Find the speed of
the stream.
Ans: Let the speed of the stream be v km / h .
Speed of a person rowing in still water  5 km / h .
Speed of a person rowing downstream  (5  v) km / h
Speed of person rowing upstream  (5  v) km / h .
The time taken by the person to cover 40 km downstream is:

40 distance
t1  hours …….. speed 
5v time
The time taken by the person to cover 40 km upstream is:
40
t2  hours
5v
As t2  t1  3
40 40
  3
5v 5v
1 3
 
5v 5v
 5  v  15  3v
 4v  10
10
v  2.5 km / h
4
Therefore, speed of the stream is 2.5 km / h .
8. A motorboat can travel 30km upstream and 28km downstream in 7 hours.

It can travel 21km upstream and return in 5 hours. Find the speed of the boat
in still water and the speed of the stream.
Ans: Let the speed of motorboat in still water and speed of stream be u km / h and
v km / h , respectively.
The downstream speed of motorboat  (u  v) km / h .
And the upstream speed of motorboat  (u  v) km / h .
The time taken to travel 30 km upstream is:

30
 t1  hours
u v
And time taken to travel 28 km downstream is:
28
 t2  hours
uv
Given that t1  t2  7 hours.
30 28
  7 ....(1)
u  u  
Time taken to travel 21 km upstream is:
21
 t3  hours
u 
And time taken to travel 21 km downstream is:
21
 t4  hours
u 
Given that t4  t3  5 hours.
21 21
  5 ....(2)
u v u v
1 1
Let x  and y  ,
uv u v
Then (1) and (2) will become:
30 x  28 y  7 (3)
And 21x  21y  5
5
 x y  (4)
21
Multiply (4) by 28 and subtract from (3) , we get:

140
  30 x  28 y    28 x  28 y   7 
21
20
 2x  7 
3
1
 2x 
3
1
x
6
Put x in equation (4) :
1 5
 y
6 21
5 1 10  7 3
 y   
21 6 42 42
1
y
14
1 1
Now, x  
uv 6
uv  6 ...(5)
1 1
And y  
u  v 14
 u  v  14 ...(6)
Add (5) and (6) :
 2u  20
 u  10
Put u in equation (5) :

 10  v  6
 v  4
Therefore, the speed of boat in still water is 10 km / h and speed of the stream is
4 km / h .
9. A two-digit number is obtained by either multiplying the sum of the digits by

8 and then subtracting 5 or by multiplying the difference of the digits by 16
and then adding 3 . Find the number.
Ans: Let the two-digit number be 10x  y .
Case I: Multiplying the sum of digits by 8 and then subtracting 5  two-digit number
 8( x  y)  5  10 x  y
 8x  8 y  5  10x  y
 2 x  7 y  5 (i)
Case II: Multiplying the difference of digits by 16 and then adding 3  two-digit
number
 16 x( x  y)  3  10 x  y
 16 x 16 y  3  10 x  y
 6 x 17 y  3 (ii)
Multiply (i) by 3 and subtract from (ii) :
 (6 x 17 y)  (6 x  21y)  3  (15)
 4 y  12
 y 3
Put y in equation (i) :

 2x  7  3  5
 2x  21  5  16
 x 8
Therefore, the required two-digit number  10x  y  10  8  3  80  3  83
10. A railway half ticket costs half the full fare, but the reservation charges are
the same on a half ticket as on a full ticket. One reserved first class ticket from
the stations A to B costs ₹ 2530. Also, one reserved first class ticket and one
reserved first class half ticket from A to 8 costs ₹ 3810 . Find the full first class
fare from station A to B and also the reservation charges for a ticket.
x
Ans: Let the cost of full and half first class fare be x and respectively.
2
Let the reservation charges be ₹ y per ticket.
Case I: The cost of one reserved first class ticket from the stations A to B  ₹ 2530
 x  y  2530 ...(1)
Case II: The cost of one reserved first class ticket and one reserved first class half
ticket from stations A to B  ₹ 3810
x
 x y  y  3810
2
3x
  2 y  3810
2
 3x  4 y  7620 ...(2)
Multiply (1) by 4 and subtract from (2) ,
 (3x  4 y)  (4 x  4 y)  7620 10120
  x  2500

 x  2500
Put x in equation (1) ,
 2500  y  2530
 y  2530  2500
 y  30
Therefore, full first class fare from stations A to B is ₹ 2500 and the reservation
charge for the ticket is ₹ 30.
11. A shopkeeper sells a saree at 8% profit and a sweater at 10% discount,

thereby, getting a sum ₹ 1008 . If she had sold the saree at 10% profit and the
sweater at 8% discount, she would have got ₹ 1028 . Find the cost price of the
saree and the list price (price before discount) of the sweater.
Ans: Let cost price of saree and list price of sweater be ₹ x and ₹ y respectively.
Case I: He sells a saree at 8% profit + He sells a sweater at 10% discount  ₹ 1008
 (100  8)% of x  (100  10)% of y  1008
 108% of x  90% of y  1008
 1.08x  0.9 y  1008 (i)
Case II: He sells the saree at 10% profit + He sells the sweater at 8% discount  ₹
1028
 (100  10)% of x  (100  8)% of y  1028
 110% of x  92% of y  1028
 1.1x  0.92 y  1028  ii 

Put y from equation (i) into equation  ii  ,
 1008  1.08 x 
 1.1 0.92    1028
 0.9 
 1.1 0.9 x  927.36  0.9936 x  1028  0.9
 0.99x  0.9936x  925.2  927.36
 0.0036x  2.16
2.16
x  600
0.0036
Put x in equation (i) ,
 1.08  600  0.9 y  1008
 648  0.9 y  1008
 0.9y  1008  648
 0.9y  360
360
y  400
0.9
Therefore, cost price of saree and the list price of sweater are ₹600 and ₹400,
respectively.
12. Susan invested certain amount of money in two schemes A and B , which
offer interest at the rate of 8% per annum and 9% per annum, respectively.
She received ₹ 1860 as annual interest. However, had she interchanged the
amount of investments in the two schemes, she would have received ₹ 20 more
as annual interest. How much money did she invest in each scheme?
Ans: Let the amount of investments in schemes A and B be ₹ x and ₹ y, respectively.

Case I: Interest at the rate of 8% per annum on scheme A+ Interest at the rate of 9%
per annum on scheme B= ₹.1860
x  8 1 y  9 1
   1860 ……………….
100 100
principal  rate  time

Simple interest 
100
 8 x  9 y  186000  i 
Case II: Interest at the rate of 9% per annum on scheme A+ Interest at the rate of
8% per annum on scheme B= ₹ 1860  ₹ 20
x  9 1 y  8 1
   20  1860
100 100
9x 8 y
   1880
100 100
 9 x  8 y  188000  ii 
Multiply  i  by 9 and  ii  by 8 and subtract them.
 (72 x  81y)  (72 x  64 y)  9 186000  8 188000
 17 y  1000[(9 186)  (8 188)]
 17 y  1000(1674 1504)  1000 170
 17 y  1000 170
 17 y  170000
 y  10000
Put y in equation  i  ,
 8x  9 10000  186000

 8x  186000  90000
 8x  96000
 x  12000
Therefore, she invested ₹12000 and ₹ 1000 in schemes A and B respectively.
13. Vijay had some bananas, and he divided them into two lots A and B . He
sold the first lot at the rate of ₹ 2 for 3 bananas and the second lot at the rate
of ₹1 per banana, and got a total of ₹400. If he had sold the first lot at the rate
of ₹1 per banana and the second lot at the rate of ₹4 for 5 bananas, his total
collection would have been ₹ 460 Find the total number of bananas he had.
Ans: Let the number of bananas in lots A and B be x and y respectively
Case I: Cost of first lot at the rate of ₹ 2 for 3 bananas  Cost of second lot at the
rate of ₹ 1 per banana  ₹ 400
2
 x  y  400
3
 2 x  3 y  1200 (1)
Case II: Cost of first lot at the rate ₹ 1 per banana + Cost of second lot at the rate of
₹ 4 for 5 bananas  amount received
4
 x y  460
5
 5x  4 y  2300 ...(2)
Multiply (1) by 4 and (2) by 3 and subtract them.
 (8x  12 y)  (15x  12 y)  4800  6900
 7 x  2100

 x  300
Put x in equation (1) ,
 2  300  3 y  1200
 600  3 y  1200
 3 y  1200  600
 3 y  600
 y  200
The total number of bananas  Number of bananas in lot A  Number of bananas in

lot B  x  y  300  200  500
Therefore, he had 500 bananas.

NCERT Exemplar For Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables (Book Solutions)

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NCERT Exemplar For Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables (Book Solutions)

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NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10

Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

(A) one solution

(B) two solutions

(C) infinitely many solutions

Ans: Correct answer is option (C)

The equations 5 x  15 y  8 and 15 x  45 y  24

Comparing with a1 x  b1 y  c1 and a2 x  b2 y  c2 , we get:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 1

Sample Question 2: The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. If 27 is

Ans: Correct answer is option (D)

Consider ones digit number be x and tens digit number be y .

And, to find the number be x  10 y

The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 2

Substitute the value of y in equation (i), we get:

Substitute the value of x in equation (ii) , we get:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 3

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:

1. Graphically, the pair of equations

represents two lines which are

(A) intersecting at exactly one point.

(B) intersecting at exactly two points.

Ans: Correct answer is option (D)

Given, the linear equations are 6 x  3 y  10  0 and 2 x  y  9  0

On comparing with a1 x  b1 y  c1 and a2 x  b2 y  c2 , we get:

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Therefore, the lines representing the given equations are parallel.

2. The pair of equations x + 2y + 5 = 0 and -3x - 6y + 1 = 0 have

(A) a unique solution

(B) exactly two solutions

(C) infinitely many solutions

Ans: Correct answer is option (D)

From the equations x  2 y  5  0 and 3x  6 y  1  0 .

The above equations are of the form a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0 .

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3. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the lines will be

(B) always coincident

(C) intersecting or coincident

(D) always intersecting

Ans: Correct answer is option (C)

4. The pair of equations y = 0 and y = -7 has

(A) one solution

(B) two solutions

(C) infinitely many solutions

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Given the pair of equations are y  0 and y  7

Graph the pair of equations y  0 and y  7

5. The pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically represents lines which are

(B) intersecting at (b, a)

(D) intersecting at (a, b)

Ans: Correct answer is option (D)

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6. For what value of k , do the equations 3x - y + 8 = 0 and 6x - ky = -16

Ans: Correct answer is option (C)

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The above equations are of the form a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0

Since, lines are coincident

7. If the lines given by 3x + 2ky = 2 and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0 are parallel, then the

Ans: Correct answer is option (C)

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On comparing the linear equations with a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0 , we

Since, the lines are parallel.