History of islam 2nd year notes

No Text Content! The History of Islam (Volume Two) By Akbar Shah Najeebabadi Revised by Safi-ur-Rahman Mubaralpuri Edited by Abdul Rahman Abdullah Formerly Raymond J. Manderola Fordham University, USA and Muhammad Tahir Salafi Djffi�DARUSSALAM DARUSSALAM GLOBAL LEADER IN ISLAMIC BOOKS Riyadh • Jeddah • Sharjah •
Lahore London • Houston • New York In the Name of Allah the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful Publishers Note We are presenting before you the second volume of the book History of Islam. This book was originally written in the Urdu language in 1922 (1343 AH) by Akbar Shah Khan Najeebabadi. This was the time about 25 years before the
partition of Indian Subcontinent into Pakistan and India. For the purpose of brevity, the compiler has presented the authentic events in concise form from the famous histories of Islam written in the Arabic and Persian languages by the great Muslim historians like Tabari, Ibn Athir, Mas'udi, Abul-Fida', Ibn Khaldun and Suyuti, apart from getting
benefited from the authentic books of Ahadith for the compilation of the part about the biography of the Prophet Muhammad ~- So, this compilation is actually the extract of the works of the famous Muslim historians. First volume of this book was heartily greeted by the readers. Now we are proud to present the second volume. In the first volume,
starting with the introduction of the history as a subject, the country, people and conditions of Arabia prior to the advent of Islam were discusse-l, and an account of the life of Prophet Muhammad ~ was presentl d including the hardships and opposition he faced while propagati1;g the message of Islam, and the details of migration and the period aft, r
it until his death. After that the description of Rightly Guide,:l Caliphate was also discussed in its full perspective. 6 The History ofIslam In this second volume, starting with the Caliphate of Banu Umayyah, the martydom of Imam Husain�, and the Caliphate of the Abbasids, all areas have been covered as far as the expansion of Islam was. We hope
that the readers will find this volume also of great help in the study of Islamic history. The famous scholar Safi-ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri has revised the Urdu edition before its translation to check the authenticity aspect. The translation was done by the Translation Department of Darussalam, and every care has been taken to reproduce the events and
the names of the persons and places as accurately as possible. We thank all the persons who have cooperated with us to complete this task and produce it before you into a presentable form. May Allah accept our humble efforts in this regard and send His peace and blessings on our Prophet Muhammad, his Companions and his followers. -Amin!
Abdul Malik Mujahid General Manager Darussalam Table of Contents Publishers Note............................................................................................. 5 Chapter-1 Caliphate of Banu Umayyah (First Phase) .............................................. 19 Amir Muawiya= 11 The first expedition that Muhammad Mustafa led in person, was the Ghazwa (campaign) of Waddan.
He appointed Saad ibn Ubadah as governor of Medina, and took a group of his followers to Waddan, a village between Medina and Makkah. A caravan of the Quraysh was reported to have halted there. But the caravan had left Waddan before the arrival of the Muslims. They, therefore, rested for a few days and then returned to Medina. In the seventh
month (Rajab) of the second year of Hijra, i.e., fifteen months after the migration from Makkah, the Apostle sent seven men under the command of his cousin, Abdullah ibn Jahash, to Nakhla, an oasis in the south, where they had to watch the movements of a certain caravan of the Quraysh. In Nakhla, Abdullah found a small caravan of the Quraysh
which was returning to Makkah. The caravaneers were Amr bin al-Hadhrami, Uthman bin Abdullah bin al-Mughira, and his brother, Naufal, and Hakam bin Kaisan.
Abdullah attacked them and seized their goods. Amr bin al-Hadhrami was killed; Uthman and Hakam were captured; and Naufal succeeded in escaping. This expedition is considered important because it was the first time when there was a clash between the Muslims and the pagans.
It was also the first time when there was bloodshed between them, and the Muslims captured booty from them.

We hope that the readers will find this volume also of great help in the study of Islamic history. The famous scholar Safi-ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri has revised the Urdu edition before its translation to check the authenticity aspect. The translation was done by the Translation Department of Darussalam, and every care has been taken to reproduce the
events and the names of the persons and places as accurately as possible. We thank all the persons who have cooperated with us to complete this task and produce it before you into a presentable form. May Allah accept our humble efforts in this regard and send His peace and blessings on our Prophet Muhammad, his Companions and his followers. -
Amin! Abdul Malik Mujahid General Manager Darussalam Table of Contents Publishers Note............................................................................................. 5 Chapter-1 Caliphate of Banu Umayyah (First Phase) .............................................. 19 Amir Muawiya= 11 The first expedition that Muhammad Mustafa led in person, was the Ghazwa (campaign) of
Waddan. He appointed Saad ibn Ubadah as governor of Medina, and took a group of his followers to Waddan, a village between Medina and Makkah. A caravan of the Quraysh was reported to have halted there. But the caravan had left Waddan before the arrival of the Muslims. They, therefore, rested for a few days and then returned to Medina. In
the seventh month (Rajab) of the second year of Hijra, i.e., fifteen months after the migration from Makkah, the Apostle sent seven men under the command of his cousin, Abdullah ibn Jahash, to Nakhla, an oasis in the south, where they had to watch the movements of a certain caravan of the Quraysh. In Nakhla, Abdullah found a small caravan of the
Quraysh which was returning to Makkah. The caravaneers were Amr bin al-Hadhrami, Uthman bin Abdullah bin al-Mughira, and his brother, Naufal, and Hakam bin Kaisan. Abdullah attacked them and seized their goods. Amr bin al-Hadhrami was killed; Uthman and Hakam were captured; and Naufal succeeded in escaping.

For the purpose of brevity, the compiler has presented the authentic events in concise form from the famous histories of Islam written in the Arabic and Persian languages by the great Muslim historians like Tabari, Ibn Athir, Mas'udi, Abul-Fida', Ibn Khaldun and Suyuti, apart from getting benefited from the authentic books of Ahadith for the
compilation of the part about the biography of the Prophet Muhammad ~- So, this compilation is actually the extract of the works of the famous Muslim historians. First volume of this book was heartily greeted by the readers. Now we are proud to present the second volume. In the first volume, starting with the introduction of the history as a subject,
the country, people and conditions of Arabia prior to the advent of Islam were discusse-l, and an account of the life of Prophet Muhammad ~ was presentl d including the hardships and opposition he faced while propagati1;g the message of Islam, and the details of migration and the period aft, r it until his death. After that the description of Rightly
Guide,:l Caliphate was also discussed in its full perspective. 6 The History ofIslam In this second volume, starting with the Caliphate of Banu Umayyah, the martydom of Imam Husain�, and the Caliphate of the Abbasids, all areas have been covered as far as the expansion of Islam was. We hope that the readers will find this volume also of great help
in the study of Islamic history. The famous scholar Safi-ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri has revised the Urdu edition before its translation to check the authenticity aspect. The translation was done by the Translation Department of Darussalam, and every care has been taken to reproduce the events and the names of the persons and places as accurately as
possible. We thank all the persons who have cooperated with us to complete this task and produce it before you into a presentable form. May Allah accept our humble efforts in this regard and send His peace and blessings on our Prophet Muhammad, his Companions and his followers. -Amin! Abdul Malik Mujahid General Manager Darussalam Table
of Contents Publishers Note............................................................................................. 5 Chapter-1 Caliphate of Banu Umayyah (First Phase) .............................................. 19 Amir Muawiya= 11 The first expedition that Muhammad Mustafa led in person, was the Ghazwa (campaign) of Waddan. He appointed Saad ibn Ubadah as governor of Medina,
and took a group of his followers to Waddan, a village between Medina and Makkah. A caravan of the Quraysh was reported to have halted there.
But the caravan had left Waddan before the arrival of the Muslims. They, therefore, rested for a few days and then returned to Medina. In the seventh month (Rajab) of the second year of Hijra, i.e., fifteen months after the migration from Makkah, the Apostle sent seven men under the command of his cousin, Abdullah ibn Jahash, to Nakhla, an oasis in
the south, where they had to watch the movements of a certain caravan of the Quraysh. In Nakhla, Abdullah found a small caravan of the Quraysh which was returning to Makkah. The caravaneers were Amr bin al-Hadhrami, Uthman bin Abdullah bin al-Mughira, and his brother, Naufal, and Hakam bin Kaisan. Abdullah attacked them and seized their
goods. Amr bin al-Hadhrami was killed; Uthman and Hakam were captured; and Naufal succeeded in escaping. This expedition is considered important because it was the first time when there was a clash between the Muslims and the pagans. It was also the first time when there was bloodshed between them, and the Muslims captured booty from
them. Abdullah ibn Jahash and his party returned to Medina with their prisoners and the spoils of war. Of the two prisoners, Hakam bin Kaisan accepted Islam and stayed in Medina. Uthman bin Abdullah was ransomed by his folks, and he went to Makkah. Change of Qibla – February 11, A.D. 624 During the first sixteen months after the Hijra
(Migration), the Qibla of the Muslims for prayers was Jerusalem (they faced Jerusalem when saying their prayers). Then the Apostle of God received Wahi (Revelation) commanding him to change the orientation point from Jerusalem in the north to Makkah in the south. Dr. Montgomery Watt and John Christopher have given their”reasons” for the
change in the direction of Qibla. They say that in the beginning, the Prophet had hoped that facing Jerusalem when praying, would cause the hearts of the Jews of Yathrib to incline toward him, and they would acknowledge him as a Messenger of God. But he noticed, they further say, that though he faced Jerusalem, when praying, the Jews remained
skeptical of his truthfulness and sincerity. Then they add that after 16 months, the Prophet gave up the hope of converting the Jews to Islam. According to Dr. Montgomery Watt and John Christopher and some other orientalists, once the Prophet lost hope of winning the Jews to Islam, he lost interest in them, and he decided to focus attention on the
Arabs. The change of Qibla, they assert, was a gesture to please the Arabs.

Now we are proud to present the second volume. In the first volume, starting with the introduction of the history as a subject, the country, people and conditions of Arabia prior to the advent of Islam were discusse-l, and an account of the life of Prophet Muhammad ~ was presentl d including the hardships and opposition he faced while propagati1;g
the message of Islam, and the details of migration and the period aft, r it until his death.
After that the description of Rightly Guide,:l Caliphate was also discussed in its full perspective.
In the first volume, starting with the introduction of the history as a subject, the country, people and conditions of Arabia prior to the advent of Islam were discusse-l, and an account of the life of Prophet Muhammad ~ was presentl d including the hardships and opposition he faced while propagati1;g the message of Islam, and the details of migration
and the period aft, r it until his death. After that the description of Rightly Guide,:l Caliphate was also discussed in its full perspective. 6 The History ofIslam In this second volume, starting with the Caliphate of Banu Umayyah, the martydom of Imam Husain�, and the Caliphate of the Abbasids, all areas have been covered as far as the expansion of
Islam was. We hope that the readers will find this volume also of great help in the study of Islamic history.

The famous scholar Safi-ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri has revised the Urdu edition before its translation to check the authenticity aspect. The translation was done by the Translation Department of Darussalam, and every care has been taken to reproduce the events and the names of the persons and places as accurately as possible. We thank all the
persons who have cooperated with us to complete this task and produce it before you into a presentable form. May Allah accept our humble efforts in this regard and send His peace and blessings on our Prophet Muhammad, his Companions and his followers. -Amin! Abdul Malik Mujahid General Manager Darussalam Table of Contents Publishers
Note.............................................................................................
5 Chapter-1 Caliphate of Banu Umayyah (First Phase) .............................................. 19 Amir Muawiya= 11 The first expedition that Muhammad Mustafa led in person, was the Ghazwa (campaign) of Waddan. He appointed Saad ibn Ubadah as governor of Medina, and took a group of his followers to Waddan, a village between Medina and Makkah. A
caravan of the Quraysh was reported to have halted there.
But the caravan had left Waddan before the arrival of the Muslims. They, therefore, rested for a few days and then returned to Medina. In the seventh month (Rajab) of the second year of Hijra, i.e., fifteen months after the migration from Makkah, the Apostle sent seven men under the command of his cousin, Abdullah ibn Jahash, to Nakhla, an oasis in
the south, where they had to watch the movements of a certain caravan of the Quraysh. In Nakhla, Abdullah found a small caravan of the Quraysh which was returning to Makkah. The caravaneers were Amr bin al-Hadhrami, Uthman bin Abdullah bin al-Mughira, and his brother, Naufal, and Hakam bin Kaisan. Abdullah attacked them and seized their
goods. Amr bin al-Hadhrami was killed; Uthman and Hakam were captured; and Naufal succeeded in escaping.
This expedition is considered important because it was the first time when there was a clash between the Muslims and the pagans. It was also the first time when there was bloodshed between them, and the Muslims captured booty from them. Abdullah ibn Jahash and his party returned to Medina with their prisoners and the spoils of war. Of the two
prisoners, Hakam bin Kaisan accepted Islam and stayed in Medina.
Uthman bin Abdullah was ransomed by his folks, and he went to Makkah. Change of Qibla – February 11, A.D. 624 During the first sixteen months after the Hijra (Migration), the Qibla of the Muslims for prayers was Jerusalem (they faced Jerusalem when saying their prayers). Then the Apostle of God received Wahi (Revelation) commanding him to
change the orientation point from Jerusalem in the north to Makkah in the south. Dr. Montgomery Watt and John Christopher have given their”reasons” for the change in the direction of Qibla. They say that in the beginning, the Prophet had hoped that facing Jerusalem when praying, would cause the hearts of the Jews of Yathrib to incline toward him,
and they would acknowledge him as a Messenger of God. But he noticed, they further say, that though he faced Jerusalem, when praying, the Jews remained skeptical of his truthfulness and sincerity. Then they add that after 16 months, the Prophet gave up the hope of converting the Jews to Islam. According to Dr. Montgomery Watt and John
Christopher and some other orientalists, once the Prophet lost hope of winning the Jews to Islam, he lost interest in them, and he decided to focus attention on the Arabs. The change of Qibla, they assert, was a gesture to please the Arabs. We do not know if the Jews were displeased or if the Arabs were pleased with the change of Qibla. We, in fact, do
not even know which Arabs, according to Dr. Watt, the Prophet was trying to please – the Arabs of Medina or the Arabs of Makkah! The Arabs of Medina had accepted Islam and they obeyed the Prophet. For them the important thing was to obey him since he was the Interpreter of God's message to mankind. They faced Makkah when praying and
didn't ask any questions why Qibla was changed. The Arabs of Makkah were still idolaters. They also heard the news of the change of Qibla from Jerusalem to Makkah. But there is no evidence that any of them, pleased and flattered by this change, came to Medina and volunteered to become Muslims. They remained what they were whether the Qibla
was Jerusalem or Makkah.
The Muslim explanation is simple and logical; God commanded His slave, Muhammad, to change the Qibla, and he obeyed.
The command to change the Qibla was given in verse 144 of the second chapter of Al-Qur’an al-Majid. In Sha'aban (8th month) of the second year of Hijra, fasting during the month of Ramadan (9th month) was made mandatory for the Muslims. They, therefore, fasted during the following month. At the end of the month of fasting, they were required
to pay Zakat-al-Fitr, a special poor-tax. In the same year, another tax, Zakat-ul-Mal, was imposed upon the Muslims. This tax is assessed at the rate of 2.5 per cent of a Muslim's wealth. In the times of the Prophet, this tax was paid into the Bayt-ul-Mal or public treasury, and was spent on the welfare of the poor and the sick members of the community.
But if there is no Bayt-ul-Mal, the Muslims must pay it to the deserving poor, the widows, the orphans and those members of the community who have no means of supporting themselves. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website.
If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked.