SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS - WATER

The impacts of water pollution are particularly severe in developing countries, where access to safe and
clean water is limited, and water pollution poses a significant threat to public health and economic
development. Water pollution is also a major threat to the sustainability of ecosystems, affecting the ability
of aquatic habitats to provide essential services such as fisheries, water supply, and recreation.

In summary, the objective of sustainable development is to promote responsible use of water resources,
reduce pollution entering water bodies, preserve water quality and ecosystem health, promote equitable
access to clean water, encourage innovation and collaboration, and ultimately achieve sustainable
development goals related to water resources.

Reviewed 150 studies relating to the life cycle of straws and observed that "Due to the range in consumer
demand, imposing widespread bans on plastic straws has evolved from a low-hanging-fruit achievement for
governments and industry to mitigate plastic pollution into a thorny issue." Furthermore, there is the
potential risk that the quick adoption of plastic straw bans may be an example of evidence complacency, a
term used by Sutherland and Wordle to describe "a way of working in which, despite availability, evidence
is not sought or used to make decisions, and the impact of actions is not tested".

Our reading of social media posts tagged with these hashtags reveals three main areas of content: to raise
awareness that plastic straw bans are a threat to the human rights of people with disability, and cause harm,
even with exceptions to the ban for medical reasons; to raise awareness of the inadequacy of straws
presumed to be suitable alternatives to plastic straws; and to narrate experiences of being shamed or feeling
embarrassed for needing to request and use a plastic straw, plastic straws not being available on request,
and not being provided with a suitable alternative

The SDGWG promotes the existing and potential contribution of heritage practices to multiple SDGs, aside
from the dedicated target identified for heritage - Target 11.4, "Strengthening efforts to protect and
safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage." The working group collaborates with other scientific
bodies within ICOMOS to find meaningful connections between water, heritage and sustainable
development.

These events are intended to promote the valuable contribution of water heritage and to link its role to the
success of the SDGs. In 2021 the SDGWG developed a policy guide identifying the role of heritage in
contributing to each SDG. The guide highlights the role of water-based heritage practices, involving both
freshwater and salt water, to help achieve the SDGs. It encourages the heritage of Blue Papers Vol.

Underwater Cultural Heritage as Resource and Cultural Connection All 17 SDGs are closely connected to
heritage and culture, and they can also be connected to water. The document discusses the importance of
water-related sustainable development and the water-energy-food nexus.

It emphasizes the need for innovative financing and project evaluation to achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). The paper addresses challenges related to implementation and monitoring the
targets of the SDGs from a water perspective, focusing on indicators, interlinkages, and implementation. It
suggests that indicators should be simple and SMART, and able to inform policy makers on progress made
toward sustainability while capturing the complexity needed to assess its use.

The document also highlights the need for a more comprehensive understanding of missing links between
agriculture and water, sanitation, and health, and the impact of pollutants on water quality. Gender equality
has an important connection to water quality. Promotion of shared responsibility within the household. The
connection with the water quality target arises because women in rural societies are often particularly
responsible for water supply in the household, and at risk of coming into contact with polluted surface
waters. Sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Aquatic Procedia 6 106 - 110 World Water Week 2015, WWW 2015
Water for Development and Development for Water: Realizing the Sustainable Development Goals Vision
Dr Mohamed Ait-Kadi* Chair, Global Water Partnership Technical Committee Abstract The inclusion of the
Water Goal in the United Nations 2015 Development Agenda recognizes that water is at the heart of all
aspects of sustainable development rather than being secondary to other sectors, where it risked becoming
neglected and therefore no-one's responsibility. 40 895-910 Gain A K, Giupponi C and Renaud F G 2012
Climate change adaptation and vulnerability assessment of water resources systems in developing
countries: a generalized framework and a feasibility study in Bangladesh Water 4 345-66 Gain A K and
Schwab M 2012 An assessment of water governance trends: the case of Bangladesh Water Policy 14 821-40
Gain A K and Wada Y 2014 Assessment of future water scarcity at different spatial and temporal scales of
the Brahmaputra river basin Water Resource.

23 2697-725 Hoekstra A Y et al 2012 Global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water
availability PLoS One 7 e32688 Hoff H 2011 Understanding the Nexus Background paper for the Bonn 2011
Conf.: The Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus Hsu A et al 2014 The 2014 Environmental Performance
Index Islam M S et al 2007 A grid based assessment of global water scarcity including virtual water trading
Water Resource. The aim of the WDF is to achieve good ecological and chemical status in inland surface
waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and ground waters through the establishment of an integrated
pan-European sustainable water management approach.

The EU WFD, "Characteristics of the RB district, review of environmental impact of human activity and
economic analysis of water use" and "Recovery of costs for water services", requires the recovery of the
total economic cost of water services.

Intensive agricultural activity is considered to be the only driver of water demand in the future while over-
exploitation of water for agricultural purposes, point and diffuse sources of pollution and the climate change
effects are potential threats for the disturbance of the balance between water supply and demand.

The central theme here is the water cycle from water extraction to wastewater disposal or water reuse, with
studies examining water saving technologies and proposing indicators for wastewater treatment.
Shortcomings in the Indicators for Safe Water and Basic Sanitation A main finding of the review is that the
indicator of 'access to an improved water source' fails to take water quality into account.

The indicators for safe drinking water access captured in General Comment 15 are frequently mentioned
with or without reference to the Right to Water: water availability, quality, acceptability, physical
accessibility and affordability.

Small-scale water providers operating in low- and middle-income areas in Kisumu and Addis Ababa remain
unregulated by the government, while the water provided is not suitable for drinking in many cases: 84% of
the 318 water samples taken from small-scale water providers in in Kisumu and 40% of the 96 samples taken
from small-scale providers in Addis Ababa tested positive for thermotolerant coliforms, an indicator of fecal
contamination.

In Kisumu, the Water Act stipulates that water providers can only supply water below a certain quantity; a
license is required for quantities over these limits, but only the Water Services Boards are eligible to apply
for such licenses. Such a need-driven synthesis effort was conducted to support the Millennium
Development Goals for 2000−2015. Scientific synthesis of water research could be activities.

For most of the indicators in Scientific synthesis can generate "further synthesis of existing knowledge is
needed to insight[s] from a combination of disparate elements" through reach agreement on international
standards and to provide data aggregation, reuse of results, methodological integration 2 support for
suggested, but untested, methodologies.
The insights It will be even more challenging to synthesize scientific gained through scientific synthesis can
be made more accessible research so that it can be used to support implementation to policy makers or
managers.

Synthesis activities can be characterized as driven by either Some synthesis activities may be broadly
applicable; for opportunity or need. To be most useful in specific contexts scientific synthesis should be
informed by local priorities, needs and opportunities.

We call on water professionals and scientists to bring their expertise and skills−whether through synthesis,
research to fill pressing gaps or technology development−to fulfill the "great potential to complement
sustainable development projects with robust knowledge, tools and scientific methods".

KR.Lakshikaa (2022701035)