Instructor: Ms.

Trúc

LINE GRAPHS
 ESSAY STRUCTURE

4 paragraphs

1 Introduction (1 sentence - paraphrase the question)

2 Overview (2 sentences - the main, general things)

3 Details (3-4 sentences)

4 Details (3-4 sentences)

 Gấp đôi Giảm nửa

The number of X doubled. The number of X halved.

There was a twofold increase in X. The number of X fell by 50%.

3 different structures (for a line graph report)

1 - The number of tourists visiting France increased

sharply from 40 million to 80 million between 1994
and 1995.

OR The number of tourists visiting France increased

sharply by 40 million between 1994 and 1995.
+ 40
80
2 - There was a sharp increase of 40 million people in
the number of tourists visiting France between 1994
40
and 1995, from 40 million to 80 million.

3 - The number of tourists visiting France

experienced/ saw/ witnessed a sharp increase of 40
million to 80 million between 1994 and 1995.
Verb tenses

Present simple - to describe what the graph

shows us now

● the line graph compares

Past simple - to describe past years

● A increased/ rose

“will’ or “is predicted to…” - to describe future years

● A will increase
● A is predicted to increase
● A is projected/ forecast(ed)to increase
● A is expected/ anticipated to increase
● It is predicted/ expected/ forecast(ed) that + A
will increase
 The line graph compares the percentage of
people in three countries who used the Internet
Key years to describe between 1999 and 2009.

● the first year

● the last year.
● any “special” years
(e.g. peaks/ lows, significant
rise/ fall, fluctuation, stability)
Cách viết body: 1- chia theo xu hướng lines

Paragraph 3
*Nhóm các line cùng/ khác xu hướng
Mô tả + so sánh sự thay đổi của line A
và line B từ đầu đến cuối giai đoạn.

Paragraph 4
*Nhóm các line cùng/ khác xu hướng
Mô tả + so sánh sự thay đổi của line C
và line D từ đầu đến cuối giai đoạn.
Intro + Overview

The line graph illustrates the proportion

of female members elected in parliament
in five European countries between 1975
and 2000, a period of 25 years.

Overall, there was an increase in the

percentage of female members in
parliament in all five countries, with the
most dramatic rise being seen in the UK.
It is also clear that the UK consistently
had the lowest figures throughout the
period shown.
 Paragraph 3

The percentage of parliament members who

were female in Germany started at about
34% in 2000, after which it saw a steady
increase to reach over 35% in 2012. Similar
trends were seen in the figure for Italy and
France, which rose from approximately 26%
to just under 40% and from exactly 25% to
around 32% respectively.
 Paragraph 4

Under 5% of members in the UK’s parliament

were female at the beginning of the period and
then this figure went up dramatically to reach
nearly 24% in 2012, a rise of about 19% over a
period of 12 years. Meanwhile, the figure for
Belgium grew from about 17% in 2000 to almost
24% in 2004, followed by a levelling off towards
the end of the period.
Cách viết body: 2- chia theo giai đoạn

The line graph compares the percentage of

Paragraph 3 people in three countries who used the Internet
between 1999 and 2009.

● Mô tả + so sánh số liệu năm đầu

● Mô tả số liệu những năm đặc biệt
hoặc xu hướng chung của các
đường trong nửa đầu giai đoạn.
Paragraph 4

● Tiếp tục mô tả số liệu đặc biệt

hoặc xu hướng chung của các
đường trong nửa cuối giai đoạn
● Mô tả - so sánh số liệu năm cuối.
Intro + Overview
The line graph compares the percentage of
people in three countries who used the Internet
between 1999 and 2009.
The line graph compares three countries (the
USA, Canada, and Mexico) in terms of the
percentage of Internet users from 1999 to 2009.
Overall, the proportion of the population who
used the Internet increased in each country over
the period shown. In addition, a much larger
percentage of Canadians and Americans had
access to the Internet in comparison with
Mexicans, and Canada experienced the
fastest growth in Internet usage.
Paragraph 3 The line graph compares the percentage of
people in three countries who used the Internet
between 1999 and 2009.
In 1999, the proportion of people using the
Internet in the USA was about 20%. The
figures for Canada and Mexico were lower,
at about 10% and 5% respectively. In 2005,
Internet usage in both the USA and Canada
rose to around 70% of the population, while
the figure for Mexico reached just over 25%.
Paragraph 4 The line graph compares the percentage of
people in three countries who used the Internet
between 1999 and 2009.
From 2005 to 2009, the percentage of
American, Mexican, and Canadian Internet
users continued to rise. By 2009, the
percentage of Internet users was highest in
Canada. Almost 100% of Canadians used
the Internet, compared to approximately 80%
of Americans and only 40% of Mexicans.
 “while / whereas” sentence

Use “while / whereas” when you want to make a contrast between two numbers or trends.

E.g. While companies A and B saw waste output fall over the 15-year period, the amount
of waste produced by company C increased considerably.

Companies A and B saw waste output fall over the 15-year period, while the amount of
waste produced by company C increased considerably.

“respectively” sentence

Use 'respectively' at the end of a sentence that compares two or three numbers.

E.g. In 2000, companies B and C produced around 8 tonnes and 4 tonnes of waste
material respectively.
 “saw” sentence

Use 'saw' to say what happened in a country/ subject

E.g 1. Company C saw an increase in waste production of approximately 4 tonnes over the
same 10-year period. (saw + n. + n.)

E.g 2. Companies A and B saw waste output fall over the 15-year period. (saw + n. + v.)

the figure for …

● Use "the figure for + plural noun" e.g. the figure for visitors to the UK.
● Use it with uncountable nouns e.g. the figure for unemployment.
● Use it with countries e.g. the figure for Canada.
● Use it with percentages e.g. the figure (for...) rose to 10%.
Where to put data?

1. Figures at the beginning of sentences:

● 10 million people voted in the election.

● A quarter of the population voted.
● 25% of people voted in the election.

2. Figures at the end of sentences:

● The number of people who voted in the election was 10 million.

● The proportion of the population that voted was a quarter.
● The figure for people who voted in the election was 25%.

Souce: ielts-simon
 APPROXIMATE LANGUAGE

UNDER ABOUT OVER

*Dưới *Khoảng *Trên
under about Over
less than approximately Above
below around more than
*Dưới 1 chút *Trên 1 chút
just under slightly over
slightly under marginally above
almost
nearly
close to
*Dưới hẳn (nhiều >) *Trên hẳn (nhiều >)
well under well over
considerably less than considerably more than

Souce: ieltsliz