Diabetes among Children

By: Mary Grace M. Fermin,RN.RM.MN.PhD.N.

Diabetes mellitus among children, especially type 1 diabetes, presents a lifelong challenge as their
pancreas fails to produce adequate insulin, vital for regulating blood sugar levels. Without insulin, glucose
can't enter cells for energy, leading to high blood sugar levels.
This necessitates a regimen of insulin injections or an insulin pump, which demands meticulous attention
to timing and dosage. Additionally, children with diabetes must vigilantly monitor their diet, balancing
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, while ensuring they maintain an active lifestyle to manage blood sugar
levels effectively.
The burden extends to families, who must support and educate their children about managing their
condition. While type 2 diabetes in children is less common, its rise parallels the obesity epidemic,
underscoring the importance of healthy lifestyle habits in prevention.
Early detection through regular screenings and prompt intervention can mitigate the risk of complications
such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and cardiovascular issues, ultimately ensuring that children with
diabetes can lead fulfilling lives with minimized health risks.
Managing diabetes among children requires a comprehensive approach involving various aspects of their
daily life:
1. *Medication*: Ensure regular administration of insulin injections or use an insulin pump as prescribed
by healthcare professionals.
2. *Blood Sugar Monitoring*: Monitor blood sugar levels regularly, typically several times a day, to adjust
insulin doses and maintain stable blood sugar levels.
3. *Healthy Diet*: Encourage a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
while limiting sugary foods and refined carbohydrates. Work with a dietitian to develop a meal plan
tailored to the child's needs.
4. *Physical Activity*: Encourage regular physical activity to help control blood sugar levels and promote
overall health. Activities should be age-appropriate and enjoyable for the child.
5. *Education*: Educate the child about their condition, including how to recognize and manage
symptoms of high or low blood sugar levels. Also, teach family members, teachers, and caregivers about
diabetes management.
6. *Emotional Support*: Provide emotional support and encouragement to the child, as managing
diabetes can be challenging and may lead to feelings of frustration or anxiety.
7. *Regular Medical Check-ups*: Schedule regular check-ups with healthcare providers to monitor the
child's overall health, adjust treatment plans as needed, and screen for any complications.
8. *Emergency Plan*: Have a plan in place for managing emergencies, such as severe hypoglycemia or
hyperglycemia, including knowing when to seek medical help.

By addressing these aspects of management, parents and caregivers can help children with diabetes lead
healthy and fulfilling lives while minimizing the risk of complications.