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25 - Emissions Control/Evaporative Emissions/Description and Operation

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

CRANKCASE OIL VAPOR RECIRCULATION SYSTEM

The oil vapor (blow-by) recirculation system directs oil

vapors towards air-oil separators, from which the
vapors are then sent to the engine air intake system to
be burned in the combustion chamber. The system
consists of the following components:

1. Oil vapor separator for recirculation to the

intake manifold

2. Vapor recirculation pipe to the intake manifold

3. Oil vapor separator for recirculation to the

turbocharger air intake

4. Vapor recirculation pipe to the turbocharger air intake

The oil vapor separator is composed of a plastic cover

that creates a labyrinth formed in the side surfaces of
the engine block. This is the first separation of the
vapors that enter the crankcase from the bottom.
Further separation of the vapors from the crankcase
oil is completed in the separator located on the
cylinder head cover (exhaust side).

After the vapor flow has been separated from the

larger oil particles, channels in the cylinder head direct
the flow to the separator on the cylinder head cover.

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When adequate vacuum is created in the intake

manifold, the vapors leave the separator on the
cylinder head cover through a flow control valve.

The oil vapor flow control valve regulates the vapor

flow and closes if there is a high vacuum in the intake
manifold, which would risk sucking up engine oil.

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The oil vapors from the oil pan are drawn to the top of
the cylinder head by channels in the engine block.
The oil vapors enter the separator located on the
exhaust side of the cylinder head cover and are then
sent to the turbocharger inlet. The oil vapors flow to
the intake manifold when the turbocharger has a high
vacuum (high engine load).

FUEL VAPOR RECIRCULATION SYSTEM

The fuel vapor recirculation system consists of the

following components:

1. Evaporative emissions purge solenoid

2. OBD vent valve

3. Fuel vapor supply pipe from the vapor canister

to the purge solenoid

4. Vapor canister

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The vapor canister (1) is located behind the left rear

wheel arch.

The vapor canister has a fuel vapor inlet (1) from the
fuel tank and a fuel vapor outlet (2) to the evaporative
emissions purge solenoid.

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Fuel vapors from the fuel tank enter the vapor canister
and move downwards through the canister until they
reach the activated charcoal filter (4) where they are
deposited. When the evaporative emissions purge
solenoid opens (controlled by the PCM), engine intake
vacuum causes the vapors to rise up in the opposite
direction through the canister where they exit through
the fuel vapor outlet as outside air enters the filter
through side slits (3).

The pipe from the vapor canister (1) is connected to

the evaporative emissions purge solenoid inlet. Once
the fuel vapors reach the purge solenoid, they can
take two paths: to the turbocharger inlet (2) or to the
intake manifold (3) (downstream from the throttle
body).

A hose (4) connects the vapor canister inlet to the

OBD vent valve.

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One of the two paths that the fuel vapors can be

routed to the engine; to the intake manifold
downstream from the throttle body.

The other path that the fuel vapors can be routed to

the engine is possible because of a venturi effect
created where the vapor pipe is connected to the
turbocharger air inlet hose (1). Pressurized air from
the intercooler (2) makes the venturi effect possible.

Air under pressure (2) enters from the intercooler. It

runs along the "V" channel, creating a venturi effect
that draws in the fuel vapors (1).

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When the evaporative emissions purge valve is

commanded open by the PCM, the inlet (1) opens to
the intake manifold outlet (2) and to turbocharger
outlet (3). If at that time the greatest vacuum is at the
inlet to the turbocharger, the exit shutter (5) opens
outlet (3) while the exit shutter (5) closes outlet (2). If
the greatest vacuum is at the intake manifold, the exit
shutter (5) closes outlet (3) while the exit shutter (5)
opens outlet (2).

The evaporative emissions purge solenoid inlet (1) is

always opened to the OBD vent valve outlet (4).

The OBD vent valve (1), controlled by the Powertrain

Control Module (PCM), shares the fuel vapor inlet
from the vapor canister with the evaporative
emissions purge solenoid (2).

The intake manifold of a turbocharged engine

sometimes operates with a positive pressure. This
pressurized airflow must not be allowed to backflow
into the vapor canister. The OBD vent valve (1) is
used to relieve vacuum during boost.

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