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done
Students should have to take courses which/that are organised by XX.
Students should have to take courses organised by XX.

Competitive
Competent = qualified/ talented
done
2007
2000
 Although // Despite // In spite of

Although +SVO, SVO

- Although the test was difficult, he managed to score full marks.

- He managed to score full marks although the test was difficult.

In spite of / Despite + noun phrase, SVO

- In spite of / Despite his numerous attempts (n), he failed.

- In spite of / Despite what he said (n phrase), I would not believe him.

- John managed to complete all his assignments on time in spite of/despite his

busy schedule.

Despite the fact that + SVO, SVO

- Despite the fact that( = although )he made numerous attempts, he failed.

- Despite what he said, I would not believe him.

- Despite the fact that__he said it_______, I would not believe him.

Practice:

1) ________ he was tired, he drove a hundred kilometres to the next town.

2) He enjoys his job ________ the low salary.

3) ________ having lived in Norway for ten years, he never got used to the cold.

4) ________ they said construction was complete, there were builders working on

the hotel when we arrived.

5) ________ the fact that she had no money, she bought the car anyway.

6) You still play loud music ________ I've asked you not to several times.

7) ________ the heavy rain, the team carried on with the outdoor event and made it

a success.

8) Despite facing various challenges, the students persevered and successfully

completed their research project.

The cocoa seeds 1________ turned into powder in South America. Then this powder

is 2_______ by ships to the factory. There 3______ many chocolate factories

4_________ England, America and Australia.

5________, the cocoa powder is 6_______ with milk, sugar and butter. The mixture

is poured 7_________ a big vat like in the picture below. The mixture is8________

until it melts and is mixed 9_________.The factory might 10_______ some

11________ sugar. Sometimes nuts are added. Then 12________ chocolate is

made into the right 13 shape by another machine. The chocolate 14______ through

a machine that 15________ cold air on it to make it 16________.

The finished 17_______ is then put in a 18__________. Finally the chocolates are

19_______ in boxes and sent to shops all over the 20_________.

A quarter of all children are now using generative AI tools to help with schoolwork,
_________ to a new study.

Research from online safety charity Internet Matters _________ that over half of 13-
to-14-year-olds were actively engaging _________ AI chatbots, and that 41% of
children believe AI tools will be beneficial _________ their education. But parents
are more _________, with only 29% agreeing the technology was helpful.

The charity has called _________ the Department for Education to provide more
advice and support to schools to help teachers, parents and pupils benefit
_________ AI tools and understand the potential benefits and _________, while
also using the technology safely.

Generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini have become

increasingly _________ in daily life over the last year, with the technology seen by
many as being an innovation that could rival the creation of the internet in its impact.

Social media platforms including Meta, Snapchat and Elon Musk’s X have also
entered the AI space with their own chatbots.

Internet Matters co-chief executive, Carolyn Bunting, said: “Generative AI is here

_______ stay and tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Snap’s My AI are increasingly a
part of children’s lives.

“Already a quarter of children are using AI _________ schoolwork and nearly half of
13-14-year-olds are using AI tools _________.

“_________ just a few prompts, an entire essay can be _________, or an image

can be _________, fundamentally changing the way we produce and share content,
and how children learn.
A quarter of all children are now using generative AI tools to help with schoolwork,
according to a new study.

Research from online safety charity Internet Matters found/ showed that over half of
13-to-14-year-olds were actively engaging with AI chatbots, and that 41% of children
believe AI tools will be beneficial to their education. //But parents are more
sceptical/worried/ concerned, with only 29% agreeing the technology was helpful.

The charity has called on the Department for Education (DfE) to provide more advice
and support to schools to help teachers, parents and pupils benefit from AI tools and
understand the potential benefits and limitations, while also using the technology
safely.

Generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini have become

increasingly prominent/popular in daily life over the last year, with the technology
seen by many as being an innovation that could rival the creation of the internet in its
impact.

Social media platforms including Meta, Snapchat and Elon Musk’s X have also
entered the AI space with their own chatbots.

Internet Matters co-chief executive, Carolyn Bunting, said: “Generative AI is here to

stay and tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Snap’s My AI are increasingly a part of
children’s lives.

“Already a quarter of children are using AI for schoolwork and nearly half of 13-14-
year-olds are using AI tools regularly.

“With just a few prompts, an entire essay can be crafted, or an image can be
generated, fundamentally changing the way we produce and share content, and how
children learn.
Teenage boys who eat fish at least once a week achieve higher intelligence scores

Fifteen-year-old males who ate fish at (1)_________ once a week displayed higher

mental skills at the age of 18 than those who it ate it (2)_______frequently, according

to a study of nearly 4,000 teenagers Eating fish once a week (3)_________ enough

to increase intelligence scores by an average of six per cent, (4)_________ eating

fish more than once a week increased them (5)_________just under 11 per cent.

Swedish researchers (6)__________ the responses of 3,972 males who took

(7)_________ in the survey with the scores recorded three years later. "We found a

(8)__________ link between frequent fish consumption and higher scores when the

teenagers ate fish at least once a week" (9)____________ Professor Larsson from

the University of Gothenburg, one of the (10) senior scientists (11)__________in the

study. "When they ate fish more than once a week the (12) __________ almost

doubled. "These findings are (13)__________ because the study was

(14)___________ out between the ages of 15 and 18 when educational

achievements can help to shape the rest of a young man's life." The research team

found that: 58 per cent of the boys who took (15)___________ in the study ate fish

at least once a week and a further 20 per cent ate fish more than once a week.

(16)__________ male teenagers ate fish (17)__________ than once a week, their

combined intelligence scores were on average 12 per cent higher than

(19)_______________ who ate fish less than once a week. Teenagers who ate fish

once a week (20)_____________ seven per cent higher.

Bee Venom

Bee venom is important, __________ people use it to make medicines and study

brain diseases. However, some methods of collecting the venom _______ hurt bees,

and they are already suffering _________ loss of places to live, diseases, and

pesticides.

An Australian scientist found a new way to collect bee venom without hurting the

bees. He gives bees a piece of glass __________ they sting. When they sting

________ glass, the bees cannot get stuck or get hurt.

Social media and plastic surgery

__________ the start of the pandemic, plastic surgery procedures became even _______

popular.

The reason is that many people started to ________ much more time on camera. Many

social media have filters, which can make the nose look smaller or the skin _______. Within

a ______________, a user can see how differently he or she could look. Experts warned

that some filters made people look too beautiful. But beauty trends change.

In the past, only rich people could _________ plastic surgery procedures, but nowadays,

almost anyone can change their body. Many doctors change their profession and become

plastic surgeons. In some cases, they perform procedures without enough skills.

_________ someone decides to have plastic surgery, they must _________ a lot of

research, and ____________ the risk, because plastic surgery is still surgery.
Bee venom is important, as people use it to make medicines and study brain diseases.
However, some methods of collecting the venom can hurt bees, and they are already suffering
from loss of places to live, diseases, and pesticides.
An Australian scientist found a new way to collect bee venom without hurting the bees. He gives
bees a piece of glass which they sting. When they sting the glass, the bees cannot get stuck or
get hurt.

Since the start of the pandemic, plastic surgery procedures became even more popular.
The reason is that many people started to spend much more time on camera. Many social media
have filters, which can make the nose look smaller or the skin brighter. Within a second, a user
can see how differently he or she could look. Experts warned that some filters made people look
too beautiful. But beauty trends change.
In the past, only rich people could afford plastic surgery procedures, but nowadays, almost
anyone can change their body. Many doctors change their profession and become plastic
surgeons. In some cases, they perform procedures without enough skills. Before someone
decides to have plastic surgery, they must do a lot of research, and consider the risk, because
plastic surgery is still surgery.
South Korean trainee doctors are ________ strike protesting ________ the government’s plan

to increase medical school admissions.

The strike involves nearly 8,000 trainees who argue that pay and working conditions need

improvement before admitting more students. Their absence ________ hospitals, leading to

canceled surgeries and overwhelmed emergency rooms. Trainee doctors work _______ hours,

up to 100 hours a week, and believe hiring more senior staff is a solution. They also fear

increased competition _________ more medical students. The government aims to address a

future doctor shortage by increasing admissions by 2,000 students _________ 2025. However,

critics argue that existing doctors _______ sufficient, and increasing admissions won’t

address _______________ issues of pay and overwork.

The strike intensifies _________ the government issues back-to-work orders and promises

legal action _________ non-compliant doctors.

South Korean trainee doctors are on strike protesting against the government’s plan to increase
medical school admissions.
The strike involves nearly 8,000 trainees who argue that pay and working conditions need
improvement before admitting more students. Their absence affects hospitals, leading to
canceled surgeries and overwhelmed emergency rooms. Trainee doctors work long hours, up to
100 hours a week, and believe hiring more senior staff is a solution. They also fear increased
competition with more medical students. The government aims to address a future doctor
shortage by increasing admissions by 2,000 students by 2025. However, critics argue that
existing doctors are sufficient, and increasing admissions won’t address underlying issues of
pay and overwork.
The strike intensifies as the government issues back-to-work orders and promises legal action
against non-compliant doctors.
Students at a prominent medical school in New York will no _________ have to worry
_______ as much debt a9er it received a $1 billion (£790,000) donaCon.

A former professor, Dr Ruth GoJesman, _________ the huge sum to Albert Einstein College
of Medicine on _________ of her late Wall Street investor husband. It is thought to be one
of the _________ donaCons made to a school in _______ US.

The school, which charges around £50,000 a year ______ tuiCon, has scrapped rising
student fees to help prospecCve medics study _______ incurring large debts.

“The donaCon will free up and li9 our students, enabling them to pursue projects and ideas
that might otherwise be prohibiCve," said Dr Yaron Yomer, university dean.

Dr GoJesman, 93, started working ______ the university _____ 1968. Her late husband,
David "Sandy" GoJesman died in 2022.

Dr GoJesman’s husband reportedly le9 her a large por]olio of stocks. He urged her
________ do what she felt was right with them. She decided to donate the sum to the
school to pay for all future tuiCon.

"I am very thankful _______ my late husband, Sandy, for leaving these funds in my care,
and l feel blessed to be given the great privilege of making this gi9 to such a worthy cause,”
Dr GoJesman said.

Student debt is a massive issue for US students _________the cost of aJending college has
risen considerably in the last few decades.

Forbes said the average student loan in New York was around $37,196.72 (£29,314).
_________, the fees for medical school are even higher.

_________ medical students in the US are thought to have amassed more than $200,000
(£158,000) in debt.

There are _______ subsidies and support programmes to help students pay off their loans.
President Joe Biden previously _______________ a student debt relief programme.

However, most people will likely be paying off these student loans for over three decades
into their medical careers.
Students at a prominent/popular medical school in New York will no longer have to worry
about as much debt a9er it received a $1 billion (£790,000) donaCon.

A former professor, Dr Ruth GoJesman, donated the huge sum to Albert Einstein College of
Medicine on behalf of her late Wall Street investor husband. It is thought to be one of the
biggest donaCons made to a school in the US.

The school, which charges around £50,000 a year for tuiCon, has scrapped rising student
fees to help prospecCve medics study without incurring large debts.

“The donaCon will free up and li9 our students, enabling them to pursue projects and ideas
that might otherwise be prohibiCve," said Dr Yaron Yomer, university dean.

Dr GoJesman, 93, started working at the university in 1968. Her late husband, David
"Sandy" GoJesman died in 2022.

Dr GoJesman’s husband reportedly le9 her a large por]olio of stocks. He urged her to do
what she felt was right with them. She decided to donate the sum to the school to pay for all
future tuiCon.

Albert Einstein College of Medicine is in the Bronx, one of the poorest regions in New York
City. The BBC said that around 60 per cent of first-year students were women, and 45 per
cent of its students were Asian, Hispanic or black.

"I am very thankful to my late husband, Sandy, for leaving these funds in my care, and l feel
blessed to be given the great privilege of making this gi9 to such a worthy cause,” Dr
GoJesman said.

Student debt is a massive issue for US students because the cost of aJending college has
risen considerably in the last few decades.

Forbes said the average student loan=debt in New York was around $37,196.72 (£29,314).
However, the fees for medical school are even higher.

Most medical students in the US are thought to have amassed more than $200,000
(£158,000) in debt.

There are some subsidies and support programmes to help students pay off their loans.
President Joe Biden previously announced/ carried out/ a student debt relief programme.

However, most people will likely be paying off these student loans for over three decades
into their medical careers.