YEAR 4 END OF YEAR REVIEW

(TEST EXTRACTS FROM SCHOOLS ACROSS THE COUNTRY)

I- Put the bracketed words in the right form/tense.

1. My 15-year-old son is constantly listening to loud music on his MP3 player and I am really worried
about him (damage) ___________ his ears. According to Dr Helen Winpenny, the constant use of
an MP3 player can cause a form of age-related hearing (lose) ___________, which occurs at an
(early) ___________ age than it would have done without. High volume, ear-level sound that is
(continue) ___________ means the sensory hair cells of the inner ear do not get a chance (rest)
___________ which probably (cause) ___________ some damage.

2. The X Factor is brilliantly made to create suspense and human drama. It is (addict)
_____________ and compelling.. There my wife and two children are laughing, sharing observations
and apparently innocently enjoying a TV program together. "Shows like The X Factor are (huge)
_______________ popular and common and seems like light entertainment on the surface but it is
affecting the emotional (develop) _____________ of our children. (Famous) ___________ is
seen as a right. If I want to be a singer, a footballer, a rapper – I can. There is no (think)
__________ for the talent (need) ______________ or the work that has to be put into nurturing
that talent .These shows are undermining their education and (teach) ___________ them to judge
each other. Schools are full of children whose aspirations are only to be famous, who see very little
value in learning, education and the world beyond their doorstep. There is an ever-increasing wave
of (accept) _____________ among children that it is OK to judge others, harshly and publicly.

3. New machine sucks CO2 from the air. Engineers at a U.S. laboratory may have discovered one
answer to the problem of global warming. Lately, they (make) __________________ a machine
that can suck carbon dioxide from the air and convert it into liquid fuel. Researchers at the Sandia
National Labs believe their creation can provide a sustainable form of (renew)
__________________ energy. Their device (appear) __________________ like something from
science fiction. In fact, its name is probably the most difficult thing to understand. It is the Counter-
Rotating-Ring Receiver Reactor Recuperator, or CR5 for short. The (research)
__________________ say their invention is still 15 to 20 years away from being in full operation. It
is (current) __________________ just a prototype. A Sandia spokeswoman said it “holds a real
promise in its ability to reduce carbon dioxide (emit) __________________.” She added it would
allow us “to keep using fuels we know and love”.

4. We are surrounded by inventions that make our lives easier. It is hard (imagine)
______________ life without a vacuum cleaner, and we would all miss the (able) ______________
to record our lives in photographs. (This) ______________ inventions and others are the
achievements of many (create) ______________ people, sometimes devoting their lives to a single
project. Thomas Edison, for example, (try) ______________ thousands of experiments before he
(eventual) ______________ perfected his light bulb design. In these days of camera phones, it is
easy to record one’s countless (memory) ______________ in color with the push of a button.
Before 1888, photography had been (cost) ______________.

5. Albert Einstein's brain has often been a subject of research and speculation. Hans Albert Einstein,
the (physics) _____________’s son, insisted that his father’s brain should be used only for research
to be published in (science) _______________ journals. Einstein's brain (remove)
_______________ within seven hours of his (die) _______________. The brain has attracted
attention because of Einstein's reputation for (be) _______________ one of the foremost geniuses
of the 20th century, and (appear) _______________ regularities or irregularities in the brain have
been used to support various (idea) _______________ about mathematical intelligence. Studies
have suggested that some brain regions involved in speech and language are (small)
_______________, while regions involved with numerical processing are larger.

6. If playing video games makes kids less active – and contributes to obesity – why not crease more
video games that require activity? That’s the question (prompt) ____________ by a Mayo Clinic
research study published in the current issue of the journal (medicine) ________________ journal
Paediatrics. “We know if kids play video games that require movement, they burn (much)

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____________ energy than they would while (sit) _______________ and playing traditional games.
That’s pretty obvious even without our data,” (say) ______________ Lorraine Lanningham-Foster,
Ph.D., Mayo (obese) ________________ researcher and study leader. “The point is that children –
very focused on screen games – can be made (healthy) _______________ if activity is a required
part of the game.”
7. Anita Roddick, died on 10 September 2007.She was a British businesswoman, human rights
(active) _________________.” I was (deep) _________________ saddened to hear of her (die)
_______________.She was of one of this country’s true pioneers.. She (be/ remember)
_______________ not only as a great campaigner but also as a great entrepreneur. As one of this
country’s most successful businesswomen she was an (inspire) _________________ to women
throughout the country (strive) _________________ to set up and grow their own companies. She
will be much missed and my (think) ________________ are with her family and friends.”

8. Alexander Graham Bell was always curious about sound. His father and his grandfather were both
teachers of (deaf) _________________; so young Alexander knew that sound was important. He
had learned not to take sounds for (grant) _________________, because he knew many children
who had been deprived of it. Eventually, the (curious) _________________ which he had
developed as a boy led him to study and experiment until he (invent) _________________ the
telephone. He was lucky that he grew up in a surrounding which attached (important)
_________________ to something that interested him very much. Or perhaps it was the other way
round: he had a great interest in sound because he grew up with people who talked and (think)
_________________ about it and studied its nature.

9. International Women's Day (IWD) is celebrated around the world on March 8 every year. It began
as a campaign for better (work) _________________ conditions by women in New York at the turn
of the 20th century. The first international women’s conference took place in 1910, in Denmark.
Since then, IWD (spread) _________________ around the world. Today it is an important day to
highlight the economic, political and social contributions women have (succeed)
_________________ made to our world. Women can now be (happy) _________________ that
things are moving in the right direction. IWD is an official holiday in many countries, including
Algeria, China, Cuba, Italy, Poland, Vietnam, and Zambia. All across the world, men give flowers and
other gifts to the women in their lives - mothers, (wife) _________________, girlfriends, sisters,
teachers, etc. All around the world women are becoming (powerful) _________________ in
business, entertainment, politics and other areas. There are over a dozen nations today with women
leaders. However, IWD is still necessary to highlight the (equal) _________________ millions of
women still face.

10. The Ministers of Tourism of the major economies meeting in Paris have called on decision-
makers to consider tourism within their strategies to foster the economy. (Paris, France, 25 October
2011). “We need to convince our decision-makers of the (important) __________________ of
tourism to the economy and employment,” said Mr. Frederic Lefebvre, Minister of Tourism of France.
“In these challenging times, we need to consider maximizing our (strong) _________________
and tourism is one of them,” he added. “Tourism can be part of the solution to the economic
difficulties facing the world,” said Mr. Taleb Rifai, UNWTO Secretary-General. “Amid increased
economic uncertainty, and (acceptable) ________________ high unemployment rates, it is time
for us to recall the role tourism can have in increasing exports, driving economic growth and (to
create) __________________ jobs,” he added. “In this period of economic transition, tourism is a
strong driver of development,” said Mr. Antonio Tajani, Vice-President of the European Commission.
“As we face an economic crisis, all sectors should (to contribute) _________________ in order to
overcome difficulties and tourism can make a (signify) _______________ contribution to this
effort,” he added.

11. October 14, 2012_ Felix Baumgartner made the highest and fastest jump in history after
jumping from a capsule lifted by a balloon more than 24 miles high. He (to step) ______________
off into the void and plummeted for 4minutes and 20seconds. A crisis occurred early in the jump
when he began (to spin) ______________ out of control in the thin air of the stratosphere. But as
the atmosphere thickened, Mr. Baumgartner managed to stop the spin and fall (smooth)
______________ until he opened his parachute about a mile above the ground and landed in the
New Mexico desert. “It was (hard) ______________ than I expected,” said Mr. Baumgartner, a
(43 years old) ____________________ former Austrian paratrooper. Besides aiming at records,
the engineers and scientists on the Red Bull Stratos team intended to help future pilots, astronauts
and perhaps space (tourism) ______________ survive if they have to escape. “We’re testing new
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spacesuits and escape concepts,” said the Red Bull Stratos medical director, Dr. Jonathan Clark.
“There are so many things that could (to go) ______________ wrong here that we’re pushing the
technical envelope.” While building the customized suit and capsule, the team of aerospace veterans
(must) ________________ deal with one crucial uncertainty: What (happen) ________________
to the human body when it breaks the sound barrier?

12. Since 2000, the world (make) _________________ good progress in getting tens of millions of
children into school – but in 2008, that progress (stop) _________________. Today, 132 million
children remain out of primary and lower secondary school, with little or no hope of ever learning
how to read or write, with little or no hope of (break) _________________ the cycle of poverty.
The single (big) _________________ thing we can do to give these children a chance to realise
their right to education is make sure each and every one of them has access to a trained teacher.
Training of teachers is absolutely vital to ensure that being ‘in school’ also means ‘learning’, but
right now many of the children who have made it into a classroom may well be there with (trained
in a poor way) _________________ teachers – and could well leave primary education (not able)
_________________ to read or write.

13. I began smoking as a very young teen. It's a common story; a cigarette is supposed to make
you popular, or confident. By the age of 15, I was smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day. Soon my ex-
smoker parents found out and despite their (disappoint) __________________, I continued. When
I was 19 years old, I was smoking up to 30 cigarettes a day at University. Yet still, the (strong)
____________________ part of my addiction (lie) _________________ within the need to feel
"adult." I felt smoking made me mature. I tried to quit in 2005 and lasted a week. I tried again in
2006. My second quit was (not successful) ___________________, too. As the year 2007 started,
I was looking forward to (turn) _________________ 21. The fear that I could be told I have lung
cancer is too much and was all the reason I finally needed to get rid of this horrible smoking habit.
In July, 2007, I decided never to smoke another cigarette. I am proud to say that I (obey)
____________________ that decision ever since. I (true) ___________________ believe the
secret to a successful quit lies in the desire to quit. No quit program (work) __________________
if you don't really want to stop smoking.

14. A British teenager who took a drugs overdose has been saved after the American girl he was
chatting to online raised the alarm. The 16-year-old boy from Oxfordshire had sent her a message
(suggest) _________________ he intended to commit suicide. Although she did not know where
he lived, calls via the White House and the British Embassy enabled Abingdon police to save the
boy's life. The boy, who has not been named, made a full (recover) _______________ after
hospital treatment. It (believe) _______________ that he was using the social networking site late
on Wednesday night and sent a private message to a girl in Maryland saying that he was going to
harm himself. She told her mother, who called local police. The police called a "special agent" at the
White House, the British Embassy in Washington and finally the police control room in Abingdon.
Staff (narrow) _______________ down his location to eight possible addresses, and officers found
the teenager at the (four) _________________ house they tried. He (take) ________________an
overdose, but was still conscious.

15. Three in every four Facebook users avoid adding their bosses as ‘friends’ as they are frightened
that their behaviour on the site could cost them their job and are (increase) _______________
worried about their privacy, according to a new survey. Facebook (announce) ________________
a whole host of new features at its annual F8 conference in San Francisco last week. F-Secure, an
internet security firm which polled 450 Facebook users, found that 73 per cent were not ‘friends’
with their boss on the site. The survey also found that 77 per cent said that they use the site’s
(private) ________________ tools to safeguard their private information. The poll discovered
that Facebook (use) ___________________________ have become aware of the need to ensure
their (person) __________________ information and status updates remain private with 35 per
cent of pollsters (admit) __________________ posting something on the site they later regretted.

16. Upon entering Qatar, it will be impossible for the visitors to feel alienated. The generosity and
(hospital) ___________ of the Qataris can be (feel) ___________ everywhere. This atmosphere
is a (reflect) ___________ of their strong bend to their homeland, their traditions and their
culture, which (pass) __________ down from century to century. Qatar itself is surrounded by
white (sand) _____________ beaches that stretch along its more than 650Km of (beauty)
_____________ coastline, while the azure blue waters offshore are filled with all variety of marine

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life. In land, there are hypnotizing (gold) ________ sand dunes that have acted as (inspire)
_________ for poets over the years.

17. Delivering quality education has never been quicker or easier. Even the top US (education)
___________ institutions now use the (late) ___________ technology to spread learning further.
Distance learning makes it possible to combine a career with enhancing your (qualify)
___________ at a prestigious college or university. The exchange of media and literature does not
(necessity) ___________ require physical contact, even if students are (require) ___________ to
attend occasional lectures or examinations, which means that distance learning is the ideal solution
for the modern business persons (try) ___________ to improve their career and future prospects.

18. People who upgrade their work skills and knowledge not only can keep up with the latest
technologies and business techniques, but they also can receive other benefits, such as the training
needed to climb the corporate ladder and (realize) ____________ additional career goals. Training
facilities often house state-of-the-art equipment such as computers and computer-(basic)
___________ training equipment. Computers can facilitate interactive training through computer
networks such as the Internet. With this technology, learners have instant access to experts in
(virtual) _____________ every vocation. While continuing education is sometimes perceived as
largely a means to career (advance) _____________, researchers in the late 1990s argued that
continuing education was becoming less of an option and more of a necessity. Hence, one of the
greatest benefits workers may derive from continuing education is simply keeping their jobs.
Nevertheless, additional education still can help (employ) _____________ receive promotions and
land better jobs. Besides these basic advantages, some experts contend that continuing education
(provide) ___________ additional benefits at a more abstract level. Continuing education allows
workers to clarify and understand the purpose and goals of their occupations. In addition, continuing
education can help advance (variety) ______________ occupations by giving workers the
opportunity to acquire both (theory) _____________ and practical occupational knowledge and to
improve their problem-solving skills. Continuing education also facilitates establishing and regulating
occupational standards for some professions.

19. WFP is the United Nations frontline agency in the fight against global hunger. It’s peace-(to
promote) _____________ agency helping an average of 90 million people who survive on WFP
food each year. They (to be) ___________ too poor to buy enough food. They spend all their time
and energy (to try) ____________ to survive. WFP’s innovative projects put food on the tables of
the (weak) ____________ and poorest; but since 1985, they (to help) __________ the hungry to
secure food and income by themselves, so they can break out of the trap of (poor) _________ and
build sustainable future. Since our organisation is (complete) ___________ reliant on many
voluntary donations, WFP could not provide the hungry children with all these services without the
(generous) ______________ of our donors.

20. In school, bullying occurs in all areas. It can occur in nearly any part in or around the school
building, though it more often (occur) ______________ in hallways; bathrooms, on school buses,
classes that require group work and after school activities. Bullying in school sometimes consists of
a group of students taking advantage of or (isolate) ______________ one student in particular and
gaining the (loyal) ______________ of bystanders who want (become) _______________ the
next victim. These (bully) ____________ and tease their target before ( physical) ____________
bullying it. Targets of bullying, l are often pupils who
(consider) ________________ strange or different by their peers. Making the situation (hard)
_______________ for them to deal with.

21. Online learning is actually a broad term that can describe a learning environment which is
electronically supported. Some of the (apply) __________ and processes which are involved in
online learning are web-based learning, virtual classroom opportunities, computer-based learning
and digital collaboration. Generally, course content or course materials (deliver) ___________ over
the internet or through other forms of multimedia. Online course programs can either be self-paced
or (lead) _____________ by an instructor. The origins of online learning began around the same
time computers began available for (person) _________ use, although back then, course programs
and degree programs were not yet (easy) ___________ available. Eventually, many (educate)
______________ and educational institutions started looking into (offer) ___________ education
programs online. Some of the (early) ____________ online courses offered were those that were
developed by the British Open University, the New Jersey Institute of Technology and the University
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of British Columbia. Over the years, more and more methods and approaches were developed
(enhance) ____________ the whole online learning experience, which resulted in a significant
increase in students preferring to get their degrees online.

22. An adult education program can provide many benefits, and not just academic ones. Taking
adult education courses can have a tremendous positive impact on your (employ) ____________
prospects, in three ways. It can make you more marketable, it can lead to (high) _____________
pay, and it can expand your options for where you choose to work. One of the benefits that your
adult education program may offer is the opportunity to learn some very marketable skills. There
are many courses which can provide you with specific job skills. (Vocation) _____________
courses such as welding, nursing, medical assisting, dental assisting, machine operation, and many
more, can lead to high paying careers right out of school. Even if you take only general education
courses, you will still enhance your value to your current or future (employ) _______________.
Almost every position that you (encounter) _____________ will require you to read, write, and
(perform) ______________ some math. In fact, you may have to read employee handbooks,
emails, and other similar documents; write information about customer orders, notes, emails,
letters; and calculate the appropriate amount of change to give a customer, calculate the total cost
of a purchase. This (mean) ____________ that you need some (basis) _____________ skills in
order to perform the tasks that are common to almost every job that you might apply for, and the
diploma or General Educational Development (GED) credential that an adult education program can
help you earn is proof that you have these skills.

23. Online education offers a lot of savings because there are no additional costs for transportation
and accommodation. The programs and courses also cost a lot (cheap) ____________ than
courses that can be taken in a traditional school. There are also plenty of programs that offer the
opportunity to students to connect with (renown) ___________ professors and lecturers in the
world. Making use of the tools and resources available in the internet to attend classes, research
information and communicate or interact with other students can help in learning the skills an
individual needs in order to adapt with the technology that (use) ____________ in the business
world or in the industry he or she is interested to work in. Because online instructors usually come
from different (locate) __________ across the globe, students are exposed to knowledge which
cannot be learned in books. The different personal backgrounds of online instructors also allow them
(teach) ___________ students different perspectives on how class concepts can be applied in
actual business situations. Students of online courses are also given the chance to talk with their
instructors whenever they want to. Through online chat, emails and discussions, students and
teachers can discuss concerns (relate) __________ to the material without having to wait for office
hours. Lastly, more and more schools and universities are starting to offer online education to
students. This (give) ________ even more options as far as online education programs and courses
are concerned, (allow) ___________ students to choose those which they think would best help
them in achieving their personal and educational goals.

24. What happened to me a few days ago gave me a glimpse into what it might feel like for a young
person to be bullied because of a physical appearance. I found an anonymous, typed note in my
mailbox at work (inform) _____________ me of how bad my clothes look on me and that I really
need to get some new ones. The tone of the note implied that this person cared about me, and
therefore, thought I should know this. I don’t know if this person is aware that I am a cancer
(survive) __________________ . Perhaps they are (not aware) ____________ that two
surgeries, radiation treatments, and hormone therapy (leave) ____________ me with a body quite
different than the cute, petite figure I had a few years ago. Perhaps they don’t know about the
challenges I have in finding clothes that will hide the deformities that will be with me for the rest of
my life. And they probably don’t understand the financial challenges that come with a cancer
diagnosis. I went home and wept. I cried because the note was a reminder of the (lose)
____________ and changes that I’ve seen in my life since cancer (move) ___________ in.
But, as in all of life’s experiences, there was a lesson here. If I, as (a woman aged 50) a
__________ woman, could be bothered so much by an anonymous note, then I thought about how
a fragile teenager might feel when exposed to hurtful comments, especially when they happen
(repeated) ___________.

25. The latest research shows that more than half of all children are, at least on occasion, directly
involved in bullying as a perpetrator, victim, or both. And many of those who are not (direct)
________ involved witness others being bullied on a regular (basic) _________. No child is
immune - kids of every race, gender, grade and socio-economic sector (affect) _________. But it
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doesn’t have to be this way. As parents we have the power to help reduce bullying. You can
encourage your children to buck that trend by (engage) ___________ in frequent conversations
about their social lives. Spend a few minutes every day asking open ended questions about who
they spend time with at school and in the (neighbor) ____________, what they do in between
classes and at recess, who they have lunch with, or what (happen) ___________ on the way to
and from school. If your children feel (comfort) _________ talking to you about their peers before
they’re involved in a bullying event, they’ll be much more likely (get) ________ you involved after.

26. I spent my (child) _____________ in silence. My parents were deaf and dumb. We
(communicate) ____________ by a version of sign language, signs I made up and others I saw
my parents (use) _______________. I read their emotions through their eyes. Until I was six years
old and my brother was born I was (total) ____________ by myself. I (not/ speak)
_____________ to anyone until I (to be) ___________ five with a French girl who lived in the
neighborhood. (Grow) ____________ up with deaf parents means a few things. I was always a bit
out of the loop. I missed a vast amount of (educative) _______________ because I had such a
lack of language skills.

27. Online schooling is still regarded negatively. The most relevant disadvantages of online learning
are (direct) _________________ tied to the specificities of the web environment itself that bring
people (choose) _________________ this method of education. The nonexistence of a physical
classroom, flexible schedules and (reduce) _________________ personal interaction are all factors
that attract people, but have their own negative (affect) _________________ that should be
highlighted. Most of (this) _________________ disadvantages of online learning are connected to
the main characteristic of e-learning. Participants can only receive information from one source – the
(instruct) _________________ or the media content, and usually have limited opportunities to
exchange ideas and information with other students.

28. I was always made to feel stupid in school, especially in primary. There (be)
________________ a certain teacher, I think everyone has had one at some point during their time
at school, well this one in particular made my life hell, leaving me with the (believe)
________________ that I wasn't worthy of an education. It took me years (understand)
________________ that the teacher simply didn't like me and that it was her problem, not (me)
________________. I left school in 1995 when I was 14. So, I spent a year and a half in the Youth
Reach Programme. It was great. They had smaller classes, (give) ________________ more
attention to you as an individual. The teachers in Youth Reach believed in me; for the first time in
years I had teachers who (end) ________________ cared about me and my future.

29. Bangladesh has implemented the first-ever Food for Schooling program. This poor Asian country
has led the world in (create) _________________ innovative development programs that can be
conducted successfully in other developing countries. Despite such programs, pervasive (poor)
_________________ and malnutrition persist. About half of the country's 130 million people cannot
afford a (satisfy) _________________ diet. More than half of all children in Bangladesh under five
are underweight for their age. About 20% of these kids die before their (five) _________________
birthday. Two-thirds of these deaths are related to malnutrition. For decades, the lack of life
necessities (keep) _________________ generations of Bangladeshi families from sending their
children to school. Furthermore, from birth, children from poor families are often deprived of the
basic nutritional building blocks that they need in order to learn (easy) _________________.

30. Girls are bullied for longer periods of time than boys, a study revealed yesterday. Girls (target)
___________ at the age of six are more than twice as likely as boys to still be victims at 10. The
nature of bullying tends (change) _________ as a child gets older, (move) ___________ from
direct physical threats to relational (bully) __________. Girls at the age of six are (likely)
_________ than boys to become victims of bullying over a long period. (Research) __________
from universities say that bullied girls become visible in their peer group – leading some to getting a
reputation for being a victim that is difficult to change.

31. Maybe our attraction to Facebook began with a simple desire to keep in touch with your friends,
or make new ones online. Or perhaps you were just (fed/ bored/ scared). But now Facebook is
possibly turning (in/ to/ into) addiction. If you're finding it difficult to spend an hour of your
waking life (by/ without/ until) thinking about Facebook, you may be looking for a way out.
(Whatever/ Whenever/ Wherever) the reason, there are many of us that want, at some point,
to quit Facebook and (save/ throw/ delete) our accounts, but don’t’ want to lose (relation/
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emotion/ touch) with all their friends on the service. We've all had that one friend (who/
whose/ whom) deactivated his/her Facebook and was never (see/ seen/ sight) again.

32. Children at the lower end of a streaming system at school do worse, but it has no effect on
brighter students, a British study has found. Less-able children achieve poorly when they are placed
with children of the same (able) _______ but achieve better if they study with the rest of the class.
More-capable students perform well regardless of whether they are in an exclusive class of high
(achieve) __________ or taught in a mixed-ability class, according to the (late) ____________
reports of the Primary Review - led by Cambridge University . Some experts said "You end up
labeling them. Even though schools (not tell) _____________ students which class is the lowest
and the highest, kids know. For those at the bottom, their self-esteem can be (effect)
___________. They come out of primary school, where they are encouraged. But when they get to
high school, streaming (definite) ____________ has limited them." Children are usually placed in
ability groups according to their performance in national tests or other (assess ) ___________.
However, those with (behavior) ____________ problems are often placed in the bottom groups no
matter how highly they achieve.

33. Video games attract the attention of the young in a powerful way. But these (fascinate)
___________________ games have been accused of (encourage) ______________ violence,
addiction and other (not desire) ____________ social conditions. A research by Anderson suggests
that (expose) __________ to violent games (increase) ___________ aggressive thoughts,
emotions and actions. A few individuals, however, think that although there (be) __________ real
dangers, they don’t detract them from the positive impact of this specialized medium. Some (new)
___________ invented games are not only fun but actively encourage social interaction. They can
also (use) _________ as a learning tool that (enhance) __________ children’s cognitive skills.

34. The emigration of scientists is threatening the future technological and scientific development of
the Arab world, according to a new study by Cairo’s Gulf Centre for Strategic Studies. The study
found that the Arab countries lose half of their (new/qualify) _________________ medical
doctors, 23% of engineers and 15% of scientists each year. The findings revealed that 45% of Arab
students who study abroad do not go back to their countries after graduating. As a result, western
countries are the great beneficiaries of 450.000 Arabs with the highest scientific qualifications. The
study shows that a range of political, economic, social and personal factors are held (account)
______________ for the brain drain. Broader factors include the political (stable) ____________
in many countries like Iraq. Venice Kamel Gouda, former Egyptian minister of scientific research
said : «  If the 10,000 Egyptians who (currently/work) ____________ abroad in the medical and
biotechnology sector came back, it (be) ____________ enough to start a new technological
revolution ." She thinks it is essential that each Arab state (support) ________________ the
Network of Arab Scientists and Technologies Abroad (ASTA) to serve as a bridge with Arab countries
through consultancies and the exchange of information.

35. A robot schoolteacher developed by Japanese scientists has taken a class in a Tokyo school.
Saya, the female humanoid robot, (design) _______________ to resemble as human a form as
possible. Using a range of programmed (move) _______________ from eyebrow arching to
smiling, her face is capable of expressing six basic emotions in the classroom – surprise, fear,
disgust, anger, happiness and (sad)_______________. While Saya's creator Professor Hiroshi
Kobayashi said the robot's main purpose was (highlight) _______________ the joys of technology
to children, he also said it would benefit schools (suffer) _______________ from a shortage of
human teachers. Saya was initially created to work as a receptionist in (Japan) _______________
companies five years ago but was recently reprogrammed by scientists into its latest incarnation as
a schoolteacher.

36. The Japanese government has agreed on plans of 21.5 percent to 30 percent by 2020. The
government will also give help to (work) _____________ mothers to try and stop the workforce
from shrinking. Further plans aim to help more women into management. Only nine percent of
(manage) _____________ in Japan are female, compared with 46 percent in the U.S. The
government will encourage companies to re-hire women after their maternity leave ends..The new
targets strengthen the Gender Equality Basic Plan, which (introduce) __________ in 2000. They
include many measures to reduce sexual (discriminate) ___________ and harassment. There will
be a drive to encourage businesswomen (start) ___________ their own companies. Prime Minister
Koizumi said he (want) __________ to create a gender-equality society in which men and women
can have dreams and expectations by fully exercising their individuality and abilities”.
7
37. Dr. Nigel Chapman yesterday issued a warning over the dangers of digital music players,
following the death of a young (financial) ___________ analyst. Mathew Johnson, 22, was rushing
to work to work while (listen) ______________ to music through headphones on his MP3 player
when he (hit) ___________ by a lorry. Dr. Chapman warned that thousands who received MP3
players and walkman as gifts this Christmas should take extra (careful) ____________. “There are
huge dangers when you are not (full) ____________ aware because you are listening to music on
some device”, Dr. Chapman said. Mr. Johnson, who (employ) _________ by a large company, was
just 15 minutes to work. A witness who (drive) ____________ behind the lorry said: “ He was
wearing headphones and listening to music. It looked as if he wanted (cross) ______________
behind the lorry but somehow hit the back edge”.

38. On Thursday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is releasing its first report on
potentially (prevent) ______________ deaths from those causes in each one of the 50 states of
the USA. We already know how to do it -- now we need to act on what we know. We have within our
communities the (strong) _______________ to help people live long and healthy (life)
___________. Even identifying and focusing on just one issue that can (address)
_______________ in each community will make a difference. The (great) ______________
impact comes when we make the healthy choice -- for example, making heart-healthy actions part
of the normal course of everyday life. We can make it easier for people to be (physical)
______________ active, avoid tobacco and have access to (afford) _____________, healthy food.
We can make it easier for people to get recommended clinical preventive services such as blood
pressure (manage) ______________ and cancer screening, and to have access to good quality
health care when it (need) __________________. And we can make it so that our children are
likely to reach (adult) ______________ without being addicted to nicotine or facing a potentially
lifelong struggle with (obese) _____________.

39. As schools break-up this week the great summer getaway will soon be on. For millions of Britons
this is the main event of the year – a time for some much-(need) ___________________ rest.
But, unfortunately for too many travellers, the holiday that (mean) ____________________ to be
a little slice of heaven turns into hell, with a multitude of potential inconveniences – from
overbooked (fly) ____________________ to lost or stolen luggage. Every year around 20 million
package holidays (sell) __________________ in the UK. But the Association of British Travel
Agents (ABTA) received in excess of 18,000 (complain) ____________________ last year from
(satisfy) ___________________ holidaymakers… So what support are you entitled to when
something (go) __________________ wrong? The answer (depend) ________________ very
much on the type of holiday you have booked. Package holiday customers are covered by the
Package Tours Regulations of 1992. Under these rules, holidaymakers are protected if their provider
makes (signify) ______________________ changes to the package or neglects the maintenance
of facilities and services, (result) _____________________ in injury or illness.

40. Technology can be defined as science applied to practical purposes. Nowadays, when the
rapidness of development and research is so (mystery) ___________________, it is easy to think
about the advantages of modern technology. Nevertheless, some people argue that science can be
(destroy) __________________ to mankind. It is also obvious that we are close on an era where
(technology) _____________________ progress remains unattainable only for poor countries.
Therefore, the most (frequent) __________________ asked question is: Does technology go the
right way and will it save or ruin our civilization? It can be argued that modern technology makes
life far (easy) ________________ for most people. The first and the major advantage is that
medical science is very progressive and vastly available. Without the needed technology a lot of
people (struggle) ________________with their health. In addition, it saves many innocent lives.
The point is to spread it and reach with medical help to the poor nations of the Third World.
Secondly, the advanced technology improves industry by making it more (effect) ______________
and, what is vital today, safer for environment. Moreover, when we look at TV, (person)
__________________ computer, mobile phone or internet for instance is quite obvious that all
these inventions (make) _______________ in the last 20 years. Thus the speed of improvement is
huge and unpredictable.

8
 II- Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the list.
1. accommodation – crew – full board – included – launched – passport – safely – than

First Hotel on the Moon Finally Opens

August 23, 2025 - Today a new chapter in space tourism is written. Rod Markham and his girlfriend
Susan Millster arrived ______________ to the moon to spend 5 days as the first guests at the
Starbright Hotel that was _________________ for this purpose two years ago. They are not only
the first hotel guests on the moon, but also they set a new record for expensive
___________________ since the price was $ 3.7 million per night, per person. However, the
exclusive transfer from earth to the hotel was ______________ in the price. The hotel itself will
probably have a hard time just to try to gain one star at any hotel rating system. As there is no
room service, the guests have to do the cleaning of the room themselves and there is no bathroom
in them. However, they have more stars __________________ they need just outside their window.
They were accompanied by a ________________ of six other astronauts. The hotel has so far no
employees, only temporary staff when there are guests. 

2. basic/ denied/ latest/ needy/ notebooks/ provided/ to attend/ under/ virtual

In Zaatari, Jordan, one of the largest camps for Syrian refugees in the Middle East, hundreds of girls
sat this week in makeshift school tents _______________by Unicef. In one, third graders were
learning ______________ addition and subtraction. In the next tent, fourth graders brushed up on
their Arabic vocabulary. The _______________estimates by the United Nations put the number of
Syrian refugees at more than 300,000 in Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey and Iraq. More than half of them
in Jordan are _______________18 years old. Girls from a third grade class went in and out of the
tent classroom; others raised their hands every time their teacher asked them a question. Some sat
quietly, drawing homes they left behind in their new ______________. Dozens of boys at the camp
stood with their faces pushed against metal gates, waiting for their turn ______________ classes.
The school operates on double shifts — girls in the morning, boys in the afternoon.

3. attend / childhood / denial /less/ literate /nutritional / out-of-school /primary / too

Thursday 11 October is the world’s first ever International Day of the Girl, as designated by the
United Nations. The _________________ of girls’ rights can have a devastating impact on the lives
of not only the girls themselves, but also on the lives of their children and families. While progress
has been made towards achieving gender equality in _________________ schools, with girls now
representing 53% of _________________ children compared to 60% in 2000, the fact remains that
millions of girls worldwide face horrific problems, such as discrimination, abuse, neglect, exploitation
and violence. Today, a girl under the age of 18 will get married every three seconds – instead of
enjoying her _________________ and going to school. A girl who can read can make a vast
impact on the lives of her family and her community. For example, a child born to a
_________________ mother is 50% more likely to survive beyond the age of five. If a girl
completes basic education, she is three times _________________ likely to contract AIDS. Just a
1% increase in the number of girls who complete secondary education can increase annual per
capita economic growth by 0.3%.

4. according to /adventurous /by /excitement /launch /picturesque /potentially/ shuttle

Future travelers will take adventures that have long been the subject of science fiction. That’s the
vacationing landscape of the 21st Century envisioned ________________ various travel analysts.
Development by 2024 of the Cosmoplane - a successor to Concorde - will make it possible for
___________________ travelers to go farther and faster. Space hotels may also be on the horizon
___________________ other analysts. WATG’s visionary space hotel concept includes portions that
will have partial Earth gravity "for creature comforts like being able to take a shower" as well as
weightless environments "for scientific experiments as well as the ___________ of the experience,"
For those among us who want to stick closer to Earth, the WATG futurists also envision a
_________________ revolutionary helium-filled airship hotel. The concept melds elements of
traveling by cruise ship, hot air balloon and airplane. Unlike an airplane, the airship hotel would
cruise at a leisurely pace and at low altitude, giving camera-snapping sightseers ___________
viewing along the travel route.

5. key — boost — if — holidays — as — despite — whether — although

9
We're often told money can't buy us happiness. But now scientists say it can make us happy - as
long ___________ we spend it on someone else. Giving to charity or buying presents is the
___________ to contentment. In tests, those who gave money away were happier than those who
spent the same cash on ___________, cars and luxuries for themselves. Giving away as little as a
couple of pounds every day is enough to ___________ happiness levels. Researchers have found
people are happier ___________ they spend their money on other people. Their study explains that
___________ we have far higher disposable incomes than our grandparents did 50 years ago, we
are not any happier.

6. book / thanks / blame / through / either / for / easier / because

We treat technology as a family member—even if that is a little co-dependent. You can't
____________ us, though; it's certainly made aspects of our lives ____________. We're no longer
forced to send letters through the postal service, ____________ vacations through travel agents,
shop in stores, visit the library ____________ research material, or wait for our photos to be
developed. ____________ to technology, all of these activities can be performed
____________digitally or online.

7. huge — with — booking — launched — for — access — connecting — resources

Firms in Britain's tourism industry are being encouraged to boost their business by going online. The
Government organisation UK Online for Business has just ________________ a programme, called
“Go For It”, to show small companies such as hotels how they can use the Internet to provide
customers ___________________ information and offer reservation services. Tourism minister Kim
Howells said:"The Internet offers _________________ potential for tourism businesses but many
feel they do not have the ________________ or expertise to keep pace with the new technology.
About half the population has _______________ to the Internet so it is not surprising more and
more people are planning and ________________ their holidays on the Web."

8. drain - experts - with - out - gain - of - developing – skills

As globalisation speeds on, goods, services and people are moving across national borders as never
before. Recently, one group of migrants - with great ___________ in science and technology - has
become the focus of worldwide study. Scientists, engineers, information technology ___________
and talented university students from ___________ countries are flocking to the industrialised
world, in search of better salaries and working conditions. But not everyone is happy ___________
this arrangement. Many - including the governments of some poor countries - regard the
phenomenon as "brain ___________” that must be controlled. Others view the situation with
greater optimism, pointing ___________ potentially significant benefits for the countries of origin.

9. what / designs / searches / artificial / industries / stored / on / immediately

The EMIEW is the latest version of the robot that was developed by Hitachi on February 21 st, 2012.
The 80- centimeter tall, 14 kg robot can walk ___________ wheels incorporated into its feet and
glide at a speed of 6 km an hour. This updated version comes with ___________ intelligence that
helps identify , locate objects as well as respond to spoken commands .Basically, it has two digital
cameras mounted on its head which detect images that are ___________ from the internet in its
database. When you show it something, it figures out ___________ it is by comparing coulour and
shape. If you name an object EMIEW ___________ for it and guides you to where it is located. Its
makers believe that it could be an essential part of hospitals, homes for the aged and other
___________.

10. almost / nearly / of / chores / dull / launched / without / for

Imagine what it would be like never having to do the laundry again. Or the vacuuming. And being
able to eat fresh, home-cooked meals every day _____________ setting foot in the kitchen. So,
who will be doing all those household ______________? Your very own robot or, as will probably be
the case, a whole band of robots. According to the man who put a personal computer ___________
every home in the Western world, Microsoft founder, Bill Gates things are going to change. He has
created and ______________ an operating system for robots in the hope that Microsoft can do
______________ the robotics industry what its software did for PCs back in the Seventies. In the
magazine Scientific American, he says: "I can envision a future in which robotic devices will become
a _____________ necessary part of our day-to-day lives.”

11. in / rather / from / apparently / moreover / due / better / however

The migration of skilled individuals to other nations is referred to as the brain drain or the human
capital flight. This migration of talented individuals may be _____________ to conflicts, lack of
10
opportunity, or health hazards where they are living. In India, brain drain is _____________ the
highest in the world as hundreds of educated individuals are yearly emigrating mainly to US for
higher wages and _____________ opportunities. Though this trend has created innumerous
problems in the public sector, it has resulted _____________ less child labor, greater child
schooling and a higher rate of people starting capital intensive enterprises. _____________, the
money migrants send back is spent more in investments such as education, health and housing,
_____________ than on food and other goods. The money remittances have also reduced the level
and severity of poverty.

12. since/ lot / loss /reportedly / leave / experiment / abroad /about / expertise / gain
China suffers from the world's most severe brain drain, state media says. ______________ two-
thirds of Chinese who have studied abroad ______________ the 1980s have chosen not to go back
home. This percentage is ______________ the highest in the world. China is now "in urgent need of
people of ______________ ", Li Xiaoli, the co-author of the report, told the newspaper. "It has been
a great ______________ for China to see well-educated professionals ______________ after the
country has invested a ______________ on them," Li Xiaoli said. Since 2002, more than 100,000
students have gone ______________ to study each year, but the number of returnees has been
only 20,000 to 30,000, the report estimates.

13. exodus / highly /psychological / losing /to /social /hardly / warning / from / scarce
“In 25 years, Africa will be empty of brains.” That terrible _______________, from Dr Lalla Ben
Barka of the UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), reflects the growing alarm over Africa’s
increasing _______________ of human capital. Data on brain drain in Africa is _______________
and inconsistent; however, statistics show a continent _______________ the very people it needs
most for economic, _______________, scientific, and technological progress. The ECA estimates
that between 1960 and 1989, some 127,000 _______________ qualified African professionals left
the continent. According _____________ the ECA, Africa has been losing 20,000 professionals each
year since 1990. This trend has sparked claims that the continent is dying a slow death
_______________ brain drain.

14. travel agent – dream – advice – vacation – deals – professional - discovery – agencies
– ruins – packages – travelers
If you're like most people, you love traveling. Your vacation is an important part of your life,
especially a family ____________ or honeymoon. The sights and sounds of a distant land intrigue
us all, and the thrill of ____________ compels us to pack up and go! Here at Tripology, there's
usually a problem. When you really want to travel, you don't want to research for hours upon hours
reading through tours and _______________ you have no intention of taking. You don't want to
scour the net, sifting through travel ______________ and special offers that come with more fine
print than you care to read. You don't want to call travel agent after travel agent or visit random
travel ______________, asking for quotes. You want professional, expert ____________ from a
travel specialist and you want it on demand. Enter Tripology; A free service for all __________ that
connects you with a ____________ who is a travel specialist in the type of trip you want to take.

15. teens, attending, major, missed, for, qualified, offer, trouble, drop out
Technology has invaded every part of our society, banking, shopping and now our schools. There are
now online schools _________________ every age group. The numbers of students
_________________ online schools are rising because of the many benefits these schools have to
_________________. Many families are choosing to have their children stay at home rather than go
to school. For those parents who are not _________________ to home school their children, a
virtual school is a wonderful option. For some families, the _________________ benefit of an online
education is the convenience of students being able to do the work at any time of the day. This is
great for _________________ who want to work but also finish school. Other families with kids who
got into _______________ on school grounds find that an online environment is a good alternative.

16. booking –and – these – largest – promoting – charted – gradual – into – halls - hotels
The first organized tours dated back to 1842 when the company ‘Tomas Cook’ ____________ a
train to take a group of campaigners from Leicester to South Borough. This company grew to
become one of the ______________ and most well -known travel agents. With the _____________
decline of visits to British seaside resorts after the second world war, Thomas Cook began
________________ foreign holidays in the early 1950’s. Leaflets about _____________ holidays
were shown at town _______________ throughout Britain. However, they made a decision by not

11
going ________________ the new form of cheap holidays combined the transport _____________
accommodation arrangement into a single package.

17. found / skilled /danger /enjoyment / explore / through / searching /provide/ useful
The Museums Association defines museums as places that "enable people to ______________
collections for inspiration, learning and ________________". Some schools do have their own
museums, and Galleries Month that would be a good time to set one up in your school. There's
incredibly advice on exactly how to. And if you can't get to a museum or gallery, let them come to
you ________________ Video conferences. Our experts are not only _______________ but also
experienced. Organizations such as Global Leap can help to get you started. The Royal Armouries at
the Tower of London and the National Portrait Gallery all ________________ conferencing. A list of
providers and their contact details can be ________________ on our website.

18. challenges / academic / lifetime / vocational /motherhood / standard / what / thrive

/ adult /enrolled
I have always believed it is important to not only talk the talk, but to walk the walk when it came to
teaching my children. I have tried to accomplish this throughout the past 23 years of
______________. It is not always what we did but often what we did not do, that our children pay
attention to. My daughter was very proud of me when I graduated with my ___________ college
degree last year. It got her thinking of going back to school herself. The very same week my
promotion at work was announced, my 23-year-old daughter ___________ as a full-time student at
a local New Hampshire state college. As soon as my daughter realized the opportunity offered to me
as a direct result of my ___________ accomplishments, she realized there was no reason she had
to wait until her mid-life for the same opportunities. No matter ____________ your age is, a degree
will open doors, present opportunities and offer new and exciting ____________ I will not be
surprised to find myself working for my daughter in 5-10 years! To my daughter Brittany; I am
grateful you have made different life decisions than I. You will ___________in your academic
pursuits and enjoy the benefits of your education for a ____________.

19. schedule - conventional – commitments – beneficial – ensuring – attend – among –

appealing – on – options
Online education has significantly increased in popularity among students of all ages. This is mainly
because taking courses at online schools and universities offers clear benefits over taking courses at
_____________ educational facilities. _____________ the top benefits of online education, students
are given the opportunity to choose from various schools, programs and courses which are not
available in the area where they live in. This is especially _______________ for those who live in
rural areas that only have one or two educational facilities, which most of the time, offer limited
course and program ______________ for students. Another benefit of taking online courses, and
probably the most popular one, would be that it offers flexibility to students. Because they can
________________ classes and courses whenever and wherever there is a computer and access to
the internet, they can easily plan out a __________________that would work for them. Because of
the flexibility offered by online learning, not only undergraduate students, but also individuals who
already have full-time jobs or other ________________ are able to take supplementary courses and
even earn their college degrees online. Online learning allows a more student-centered teaching
approach. Because every student has his or her way of learning that works for them, getting an
online education may help in _________________ that each lesson or material is completely
understood before moving __________________ to the next, which in turn, could result to better
learning.

20. schooling –enjoyment-require- independent- which –lifetime- skills- involves- who

Many people will tell you that you really never stop learning. Others will say it is never too soon or
too late to learn. Whatever phrase speaks to you, the need for continuous learning throughout your
___________ is an important part of what makes you human. Lifelong learning is not just about
formal ______________ or employer training and development programs.  Lifelong learning
____________ a variety of growth opportunities, from structured formal environments to
_____________ and informal or even self-driven settings. According to the European Lifelong
Learning Initiative and the American Council on Education, "lifelong learning is the development of
human potential through a continuously supportive process _____________ stimulates and
empowers individuals to acquire all the knowledge, values, ________________, and understanding
they will ______________ throughout their lifetimes and to apply them with confidence, creativity
and _______________ in all roles, circumstances, and environments."

12
21. easily – around – commitments – require – available – flexibility – whenever –
motivation – effective - boosts
Online learning is also referred to as CSCL or computer-supported collaborative learning. This is
because taking online courses revolves _________ the concept of group or collaborative learning
where a variety of instructional methods are developed to _________ or encourage students to
work together as they learn new lessons and tasks. This can be seen in the different tools
_________ to students such as virtual classrooms, online chat, discussion boards and even social
media or social networking sites. Today, online learning continues to be popular because of its
numerous benefits. It offers convenience for individuals who want to continue or finish their studies
but do not have the time to attend classes in a traditional classroom setting. A student can
___________ create a schedule which would allow him or her to study while still being able to
attend to his/her __________. Online learning also offers accessibility since course materials are
readily available online _______________ the student needs them. Although there are still some
who say that online learning is not as good and __________ as learning in a traditional classroom
setting, it can actually be a better option for some. This, in fact, depends on the learning style, the
pace, the ____________ and the self-discipline of an individual.

22. relevant – tiredness – result – cyber – lectures – in – actually – increasing – access

– excess
Online learning allows a more student-centered teaching approach. Because every student has his or
her way of learning that works for them, getting an online education may help __________ ensuring
that each lesson or material is completely understood before moving on to the next, which in turn,
could _____________ in better learning. Online course materials can be accessed 24 hours a day
every day. This means that students can easily read and review ____________, discussions and
other materials _____________ to their course. There are some students who find it a bit difficult to
understand spoken material in a typical classroom setting because of a number of distractions,
boredom or ___________. Because they can simply ___________ the material online once they are
prepared to learn, students are able to take in and understand the material a lot better. In an online
setting, a student is marked present if the student has ________ participated in the classroom
discussion. This encourages students to interact, __________ the diversity of opinion as everyone,
and not just one or two students, is given the opportunity to share their thoughts.

23. poorest – enrolment – funds – address – lack – low – nourishment – denied – instead
– several
As well as providing vital nourishment, school meals act as a safety net for poor families and also
help keep children in school. Among the poor, there is often not enough food at home, and most
schools in developing countries ______________ canteens or cafeterias. School meals are a good
way to channel vital ________________ to poor children. Having a full stomach also helps them to
concentrate better on their lessons. In countries where school attendance is ________________,
the promise of at least one nutritious meal each day boosts _______________ and promotes
regular attendance. Parents are motivated to send their children to school _____________ of
keeping them at home to work or care for siblings. In the ______________ parts of the world, a
school meal program can double primary school enrolment in one year. Among the key beneficiaries
are girls, who otherwise may never be given the opportunity to learn. WFP's school meal programs
work towards achieving __________________ Millennium Development Goals. The programs
directly _______________ the goals of reducing hunger by half, achieving universal primary
education and of achieving gender parity in education - all by 2015.

24. traditional – allows – definitely – now – for – fulfill – before – opportunities – first –
whether
Distance learning has a flexibility that's not available in the traditional school environment. It makes
it easy for the student to ____________ his educational goals and objectives. The existence of
distance learning and on line education _____________ the individual to manage his many
responsibilities _______________ they are at home or at work. People who cannot afford to attend
_______________ schools for whatever reasons should ______________ consider the advantages
of distance learning _______________. Many people, ________________, have the opportunity for
the education they could not obtain _____________.

25. access – commitments – lectures – regularly – boost – ensures – providing – leading –

into – out
Unlike the traditional university environment, an online distance learning degree course utilizes a
Virtual Learning Environment. The Virtual Learning Environment offers the benefits of distance
13
learning without the drawbacks, ______________ students with the flexibility to attend classes and
study from anywhere: work, home or even on the move. The system is designed to track and
manage the learning process in real-time and it provides students with immediate
_______________ to learning materials. However, the real innovation is that this learning platform
has created an environment in which both students and tutors can actively take part in real-time
conversations and students can listen to, and view, live ________________ and seminars over the
internet. Regular assessment of students’ work _________________ their progress and
engagement throughout the course. Students will be supported throughout their course by a
dedicated academic adviser and they will have the opportunity to _____________ interact with
fellow students and their tutor. Ideally suited to the needs of working adults, students will not need
to travel to attend any classes. Studying is carried _______________ entirely online and the
program of study will fit around a student´s work and personal _________________ . Students can
achieve an online business degree from a ________________ UK university through this program of
distance learning. On successful completion, students will be invited to attend a graduation
ceremony with their guests.

26. both – either – pursuing – with – schedule – as – allows – enrolls – standards – entire
Online learning is one of the many flexible options Strayer University offers to help fit education into
the lives of busy working professionals like you. This flexible resource _______________ you to
learn in real time – or any time – making it easier to fit ______________ higher education in with
your other responsibilities. You may choose to combine online learning with campus classes, or you
can take your ______________ program online, thereby accommodating even the busiest
schedules. Online courses are challenging and require the same high standards ___________
classroom courses. Online learning is a different way of taking classes. It’s packed ____________
the same information, is taught by the same faculty, and is held to the same high academic
________________ as our campus classes. Strayer University offers ______________ real-time
(synchronous) and any time (asynchronous) class formats so you will have the flexibility you need to
________________ your classes around your life.

27. formal/knowledge/ abilities/ economic/ instrument/ learning/ development/ online/

grave/cyber
Lifelong learning or learning from birth to ______________ is often defined as all learning activities
undertaken throughout life, with the aim of improving __________________ skills and competence.
Lifelong _______________ is therefore about acquiring and updating all kinds of
_________________, interests, knowledge and qualifications from the pre-school years to after
retirements. It promotes the ________________ of knowledge and competence that will enable
each person to adjust to the knowledge-based society and actively participate in all domains of
social and _____________ life, taking more control of his future and valuing all forms of learning
including ______________ learning such as schooling; non-formal such as vocational skills acquired
at work, and informal learning as to learn how to deal with computer _____________

28.benefited/focus/enrolled/experience/assess/mature/ability/more/outdated/manage
I was forty when I went back to school. I had previous office ________________, but had not
worked full-time for twelve years while I was home raising my children. Although I had worked a bit
on a part-time, I wanted to get back into a full-time office environment and I knew my skills were
________________. When I got a part-time job, my kids were in school and my husband was at
college, so it seemed like a perfect opportunity for me to go to school too.  I ______________ in
NBCC (a Lifelong learning programme). The whole family was in school that year. It was a very
challenging time and required me to _________________ my time. My husband gave a big help and
we did homework together after dinner.  It was not easy to be back in school as a
_________________ learner. All my skills had been learned on the job. I had no other post-
secondary education. But I really _________________ from every course I took at the college
because I learned the right way to do things. Anything I knew about computer programs was just
what I needed to know to perform my job. In the Office Administration program, I learned so much
________________. The thing I liked best about the program was the teachers were really good at
pushing to get me to reflect about past experiences, to ________________ on developing new
skills, and to celebrate my own personal successes throughout the year.

29. qualifications / worst / than / then / deprived / currently / those / which

Fifth of British teenagers drop out of school at 16. Britain has more teenage drop-outs
________________ in most other developed nations as poor children are edged out of good schools
by ________________ from sharp-elbowed middle-class families. Figures show almost one-in-five
14
pupils ________________ leave school at 16 before taking A-level ________________.
Researchers from the respected Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development said
many pupils – particularly those from ________________ backgrounds – are failed after being
consigned to the ________________ schools at the age of five and 11.

30. proper / from / in / likely / efficient / empty / nutrition / bullying

About 1million schoolchildren going hungry, a charity warns. Two pupils in every class are arriving
for lessons on an ________________ stomach because their poor families cannot afford food. Pupils
have even been forced to steal frozen food ________________ neighbours and eat it raw. In some
parts of Britain, almost nine in ten head teachers reported that poor ________________ was
affecting their pupils. Going without ________________ food causes children to lose concentration
and can result ________________ impaired brain development and learning difficulties. Hungry
pupils are also more ________________ to shoplift for food and get into trouble with the police.

31. to /learning/ struggle /enrol/absolutely /proud /ever / belief / threatened / with

Illiteracy always prevails when poverty comes around. Parents who __________ to put food on the
table may often be challenged to provide their children __________ the necessary school supplies.
With the firm __________ that every child deserves the tools they need for academic achievement,
the Atlanta Community Food Bank launched a mission to provide __________ supplies for students
whose academic success is _________ by poverty. Every year, the mission advocates are
_________ to distribute hundreds of thousands of pounds of brand new school supplies __________
students in low-income schools. Moreover, there is __________ no cost to teachers or schools.

32. for / keep /through / need / despite / acquire / also / whether / just / while
Lifelong learning is the process of keeping your mind and body engaged—at any age—by actively
pursuing knowledge and experience. _____________ many companies encourage lifelong learning
in their employees to _____________ their skills up-to-date, you don’t _____________ a job to
enjoy lifelong learning. In fact, learning something _____________ for fun can be a more rewarding
experience. The pursuit of knowledge _____________ lifelong learning — _____________ it’s
learning how to dance, speak a foreign language, or repair your car— has wonderful benefits
_____________ adults. It's fun to learn new things, but lifelong learning _____________ brings
health benefits and social benefits you might not have considered.

33. need – seek – wants – whom – so - weather – by– who – about –skills
Becoming educated, whether within an academic institution or outside, in my opinion, is certainly a
requirement for success. If a farmer _________________ to be a successful farmer, they must
learn _________________ the land, their crops, and the _________________. If an individual
wants to be successful at life _________________ maintaining a happy and healthy home and
family, they will also _________________ to be “educated” in _________________ such as
communication and conflict resolution. Any way you slice it; people _________________ are
successful have been educated to do _________________.

34. analyst / which / expertise / found / lower / where / according / failures

Thousands of UK primary schools are locking their pupils into a cycle of disadvantage by separating
them into ability groups, a major international study has warned. The Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD) analysed successes and _______________ in education
systems in 39 of the world's most developed nations. It _______________ that countries that
divided pupils into ability groups at an early age tended to have higher numbers of school drop-outs
and _______________ levels of achievement. In the UK one in six pupils are divided
_______________ to their academic ability by the age of seven. Beatriz Pont, an education
_______________, said streaming by ability at an early age "fuelled a vicious cycle" in
_______________ teachers had low expectations of students in the lowest sets.

35. from / realize / already / methods / sophisticated / just / means / by

Expanding digital networks are making the flow of information more easily accessible. Yet, that
includes the _________________ which enables a student to cheat on an exam. Now, all a student
needs to do is go on YouTube for thousands of tutorials concerning the _________________ which
a student can use. _________________ using high-tech equipment to listening to pre-recorded MP3
files to printing fake drink labels with answers or formulas; it may not be that students are cheating
more. It _________________ states that the new hi-Tec tools used by students are becoming more
_________________ and difficult to detect. There are even tips available from suppliers to make
sure that supervising staff do not _________________ you're using these methods.
15
36. level/ school/ compulsory/ subjects/ primary/ language
In Britain, education is __________ for all children between the ages of 5 and 16. Most children and
young people in the UK are educated in state-funded schools financed by the government. In
______________ schools, a single teacher teaches pupils all ____________ (Religious education,
physical education, citizenship). Until recently foreign languages were not introduced until secondary
__________. Now all primary school pupils receive an introduction in a modern European language.

37. passion - interactive – For - attitudes - unwilling - empower - By - discourage

The EU-funded iClass project has been working to develop an innovative learning platform based on
ICT. It is designed to ___________ pupils to take more control of the learning process. “We aim to
make education more ___________, worthwhile and, above all, enjoyable,” explains Eric Meyvis,
the project’s coordinator. “Pupils are becoming ___________ to learn. We are using ICTs, the
internet and an attractive interface to make learning more fun.” ___________ providing greater
self-reliance and a __________ for inquiry among pupils, iClass helps equip them with crucial
___________ for the emerging knowledge-based economy. This requires pupils to upgrade their
skills and knowledge constantly throughout their lives.

38. method - courses – while - schedules - attend – addiction - for -greater

As technology has developed rapidly, the online education industry has developed along with it.
More students have turned to the internet ___________ their education. An increasing number of
US universities and colleges are taking advantage of this building interest by offering online
___________. This convenient, cost-saving measure has grown in popularity especially with adults
who have no time to ___________ college. The ___________ need for a degree in today's society
has pushed more students towards pursuing their degrees online. Many students can now shape
their education around their busy ___________. Online education has even proven to be an
environmentally-friendly ___________ since it eliminates the need for transportation.

39. attending * to * to obtain * while * beneficial*via *during * flexibility* graduate* obtaining

These days, the internet has grown into a veritable wealth of information for college seekers.
______________ traditional colleges will never be eliminated, there's been an increase in the
amount of students ____________ online colleges in recent years. Many people choose to follow the
online education route because the teachers are more approachable ____________ the internet
than they would be in a classroom setting. Students definitely need discipline and self-motivation to
succeed in _____________ online degrees, but there's still the same level of help and support from
teachers and students online that there would be in a classroom. What's more, internet college
students are learning skills that will be ________ to them in the workforce and beyond because of
the way technology is evolving today. Online degrees are becoming an increasingly popular way
___________ a college education and many students are turning __________ online education
because of the quality of material, convenience and the level of _________ inherent in distance
education programs..There are definite benefits to online degree programs, and students with
discipline and motivation can and will succeed greatly in online Degree programs.

40. fields, in, incentive, demand, supply, trained, highly, graduate, on, opt
High unemployment is one of the main reasons why many Africans choose to leave their home
countries. In fact, a large proportion of those who are ____________ remain unemployed or they
are employed in ___________ that underutilize their skills. It is not rare to find a university
_____________ working as a shopping mall attendant. As a result, they ____________ to move to
developed countries where they are sure to get higher ______________ for their qualifications.
Those who are lucky to get employment in their fields are not well compensated. Developed
countries ___________ the other hand have higher pay scales, especially for the _________ skilled
and professionals in fields like medicine, engineering, accounting and other professions. As a
consequence, such professionals find no _________ to stay at home when they can move overseas.

41. raise/ back/rise /recognize /pushed out / damage / expense/ departure /persuade
A new research made by Nicole M. Stephens from the Kellog of management helps to explain why
many Americans fail to see gender barriers. « Although we’ve made great strides toward gender
equality in American society, significant obstacles still do, in fact, hold many women ___________
from reaching the upper levels of their organizations. In our research, we tried to demonstrate how
the very idea of ‘opting out’ or making the choice to leave the workplace is making it more difficult
to ___________ gender discrimination.» Stephens noted that ‘choice’ which is central to women’s
explanations of their decision to opt out is a double-edged sword. While choice has short-term
16
personal benefits, it may be at the ____________ of women’s advancement.Thus, as a society, we
need to ___________ awareness of the gender barriers that still exist. By taking these barriers into
account, the discussion about women’s workplace ___________ could be reframed to admit that
women do not freely choose to leave but instead are ____________ by persistent workplace
barriers such as limited workplace flexibility and unaffordable childcare.

42. about / enough / recent /industrialized / developed / shape / through / guide

Forgot where you put your glasses? A Japanese robot can find them for you, and ____________ you
to where they are. The red and white robot, named EMIEW2, is ____________ the size of a six-
year-old child and glides everywhere on wheels at the bottom of its legs, But the robot, the latest
version of one that debuted in 2005 and ____________ by electronics firm Hitachi, is more than
just another cute face. It has ____________ artificial intelligence to identify and locate objects it
has been shown, as well as recognizing human faces. Shown a digital camera in a ____________
demonstration, the robot said, "That's probably a DSLR camera." When it sees an object, the robot
uses two cameras mounted on its head to compare the colour and ____________ with images
stored in its database.

43. end – solitude – Besides – express – evidently – Although – images

William Wordsworth’s poem Daffodils incorporates the ideas and aspects that are essential in poetry
of the Romantic Movement. Various peaceful ___________ of nature, including a field of daffodils,
possess human qualities in the poem. These natural images ____________ Wordsworth’s self
reflections, whether it is __________ at the beginning of the poem or excitement about being in the
company of daffodils at the ___________. The field of daffodils is ______________ the subject of
this poem, making nature the most apparent feature. ______________ this, Wordsworth adds a
range of natural images such as lakes, trees, stars and even clouds.

44. anxiety / clearly / on /person / addictive / risk / boost / whether /likely / to

Women are more liable to be addicted to Facebook, researchers claim. They designed a chart of
symptoms signalling ______________ someone has an unhealthy devotion to social networking.
Psychologists studied 423 students for signs of ______________ behaviour in the way they used
and felt about Facebook. They found that some participants ______________ showed signs of
“Facebook addiction” similar to those exhibited by people hooked ______________ drugs, alcohol
and other chemical substances. Younger people were more ______________ to become dependent
on Facebook than older people and women were at greater ______________ than men, the
researchers said. People who suffered from ______________ or social insecurity were heavy users
of the website, most likely because they found it easier to use the technology than to communicate
with people in______________, they added.

45. about – dramatically – fired – hired – inappropriate – needn’t – promotion – resume

In many countries, a job, with online applications and social networking to deal with, has changed
______________. Nowadays, you not only have to have the best possible CV or resume, on paper
or even on your own personal website; but you also have to be aware that everything that can be
found ______________ you online could be the thing that gets you ______________ or gifts the
job to one of your competitors. Michael Weiss, a marketing consultant, says the ______________
should complement the digital profile of a jobseeker. He adds that jobseekers ______________
have a presence on every social media platform, because there are too many to choose from. Mr
Weiss also warns job-seekers - especially new graduates - that they should clean up their digital
profile. Party photos posted on Facebook during their years at college may be ______________ for
someone trying to enter the corporate world.

III- Circle the correct option.

1. We have noticed a big rise in the number of behavioural addictions. People look down on (smoke
/ smokers / smoking), alcoholics and cocaine addicts, but then go and spend five hours in an
internet chatroom. We are (hopefully / faithfully / increasingly) turning to “comfort behaviours”
activities that temporarily make us feel happier and less stressed. Behavioural addictions
(conclude / exclude / include) compulsive attachment to cosmetic surgery, the internet and
mobile phones. These are the very things that can lead us into (independence / dependency /
dependent), no matter how harmless they may seem at first. While behavioural addictions may
sound less serious than being hooked (to / on / at) drink or drugs, according to experts, their

17
potential for wrecking (lives / living / alive) may be quite similar. These are very modern
addictions, which can lead to obsession, debt and the breakdown of relationships.

2. Economists have long believed that the least productive societies are those in which women are
denied opportunities to join the workforce. In underdeveloped countries, women typically go without
the most basic (tools — topics — materials) needed to earn a living: education, training and
access to capital. Yet there is abundant evidence linking economic progress (by — with — to)
empowered women. A recent study by the London School of Economics showed that countries
(whose — where — who) women are better educated were also those with higher economic
growth rates. So, to spur growth in impoverished countries, many (groups — efforts —
equipments) have been launched, among them the microfinance movement. Since the 1970s, tens
of thousands of poor women (have started — had started — started) their own business using
loans from banks and organizations which would spend $ 100 million over the next 5 years on
business education because it is believed that (skilled — illiterate — unskilled) business women
could boost economic output in Asia and Africa.

3. Children should not use mobile phones, a leading Government adviser warned last night.
Professor Laurie Challis said children were not ‘little adults’ and that they should not be given
mobiles until they were at least 12. (Since / Even / Despite) then teenagers should use their
phones to send text messages rather than talk, the (physician / physics / physicist) and expert
on the effects of radiation added. He said that (while / when / because) there was no evidence
that children are more (sensitive / sensitized / sensible) than adults to the radiation given out
by mobile phones, the possibility could not be ruled out. He acknowledged that some parents may
get peace of mind from giving their young child a mobile phone. But he added: ‘I don’t see why with
young children one (shouldn’t / may not / needn’t) be a little bit more firm as a parent and say
there are reasons why they think it is not a good idea, (if / unless / providing) there are specific
safety reasons why it needs to be done.’ Professor Challis was vice-chairman of the Stewart
Committee, (which / whose / whom) report formed the basis of official advice which states that
‘(excessive / exclusive / successive) use’ of mobiles by children should be discouraged.

4. Swimming with dolphins is not only fun, but also medicine. In a recent study published in the
British Medical Journal, researchers found that (addicts / patients / victims) with mild to
moderate depression (whose / whom / who) splashed around with dolphins reported (great /
greater / greatest) improvements in their symptoms than a control group who swam on their own
in a coral reef. Animal therapy isn't new. Greek soldiers put wounded comrades (off / on / below)
their horses to help them heal. But during the past several years, researchers have published
reports on a variety of (remedial / remedy / remedies), from horseback riding to fish tanks.
Plants even have their own (field / farm / land) of study: horticultural therapy.

5. Marie Curie was a great scientist. She was born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1867.Both of her parents
were teachers. Marie was only ten years old ( while /when /whereas ) her mother died .Marie
was a very good student. She loved science, maths and languages. She and her sister Bronya
wanted to go to college (because / as result / But ) in those days, only men (can / had /
could) attend school in Poland. So the girls (had gone / had to go / must go) to France to
study. There was not ( too / enough / much ) money ( to / for / at ) both sisters . Marie then
worked as a teacher in Poland. She sent money to Bronya to pay for medical studies in Paris. After
that Bronya became a doctor, she helped Marie.

6. Technology has progressed by leaps and bounds in the last few decades. One of the (big/
bigger/ biggest) arguments against technology is its sometimes ridiculously high cost (what/
which/ who) limits its usage and places it out of (ability/ catch/ reach) of many people. But it
is an (undeniable/ controversial/ certain) fact that technology has helped us (make/ made/
making) many tasks easier, and it has also made the world a much (small/ smaller/ smallest)
place. The latest developments in technology can be seen and (heard/ smelled/ felt) in many
industries, but there are some areas that have been benefited more than (other/ others/
another).

7. Bedrooms equipped with televisions, videos and computers are resulting in a generation of sleep-
deprived children, a study has found. Youngsters playing games, watching TV and texting on mobile
phones late into the night are (earning / losing / spending) up to a month’s worth of sleep a
year. They go to school the next day feeling (relaxed / irritable / confident) and drowsy, which
affects their (presence / performance / rehearsal) in class and in exams. Researchers found a
18
(depth / excess / lack) of sleep was threatening the physical and mental health of up to one
million children. One in five (of / out / on) this age group have between two and five hours less
sleep at night than their parents (realized / did / made) as children.

8. Virtual schools in two words mean personalized institutions. If you want (work/to work/
working) at your own pace and you’d like to study at home or from a library or coffee shop, then
virtual school is the right alternative. We have built our virtual school (on/in/at) the following
beliefs: every student is unique (despite/unlike/so) learning should be dynamic, flexible and
engaging. Studies should (integrate/be integrated/be integrating) rather than isolated.
Students, parents and schools share (responsible/responsibly/responsibility) for learning.

9. Christa was riding in a Volkswagen with her fiancé through a rainstorm in Pennsylvania in 1969
(while – when – since) the news came over the car radio : a man had set foot ( on – in – off)
the moon. They both cheered, but neither had (some – no – any) reason to suspect that the event
would someday directly change their lives. Much (late – later – lately ) she said “when I was
young, women did not fly in space”. Last July, NASA announced that she ( is – has been – had
been ) chosen to join a shuttle crew. Despite other newfound (celebrity – competition –
inspiration ) Christa never doubted that following her sojourn in space she would return to the
family and above all to her classroom. She (tells – tell – told) an audience last August: “the more
I touch the future, the ( better- good – best ) I understand space.”

10. Changing the Guard is the traditional ceremony performed at Buckingham Palace involving a
new guard exchanging duty with the old guard. The proper name of the ceremony is (act – actual
– actually) the Guard Mounting. The Queen's Guard (were – are – been) the mounted troopers of
the Household Cavalry (who – how – whom) guard the official (assistance – entrance –
venue) to Buckingham Palace. They (were – wear – ware) a full-dress uniform of red tunics and
bearskins. The new guards arrive at the forecourt of the Palace at 11:30am from Wellington
Barracks. The (journal – game – journey) takes about 5 minutes and the soldiers
are accompanied by a brass band called the Guards band. The handover (ceremony – cream –
cemetery) is conducted on the Palace forecourt and takes approximately forty five minutes during
which time the band plays music to entertain the New and Old Guard as well as the
watching (clouds – crowds – crows).

11. Sir Michael Caine is perhaps our greatest living actor... and still has no intention of retiring
(although / despite / because of ) being 77. A Hollywood star for half a century, he’s met
everyone, from Frank Sinatra to Brigitte Bardot and John Lennon, collecting two Oscars and a
knighthood along the way. The Alfie star, who won Oscars for The Cider House Rules and -Hannah
And Her Sisters, has just ( wrote / writing / written ) his second autobiography, The Elephant to
Hollywood. And he has his good friend Jack Nicholson to thank. “I did write a first part of an
autobiography when I thought my life was over. Then I did a movie with Jack called Blood and Wine
in 1996. Jack and I ( are / had been / were ) friends for a long time but never worked together.
“I’d got fed up with making movies ( but / although / since ) there wasn’t any good scripts. Then
I worked ( at / before / with ) Jack and the whole thing was so wonderful ( than / then / that )
I went back to work and I’ve had another wonderful 20 years of work.

12. Like many other definitions, lifelong learning is also defined as the process of keeping one’s
body and mind (confined/ assessed / engaged ) at any age by actively pursuing knowledge and
experience . Many East Africans need this aspect in ensuring that their skills are up-to-date with the
( ever / every/never) changing needs of the society. ( Unless /If /When ) they are to catch up
with the digital ( time/ place /pace ), then lifelong learning goes along way into improving their
( adept / inspiration /memory ), increasing self-confidence, offering an
( innovative / inexpensive / conventional ) way to try something, and helping them to meet
people ( whom / whose / who) share their interests. In that sense, life can be more rewarding
experience and most especially the avenues ( for / to / by) attaining knowledge are clearer and
open with the advent of information and communication technology.

13. Debbie Piscitella is a Florida mom who was recently arrested for choking a 14-year-old boy.
According to her, when her 13-year-old daughter, McKenna, was
cyber-(bullied/bullying/bullies), she tried to get help from the school. She went to the School
Resource Office and even called the police, but nothing was done. That lack of a response from
administrators is one reason she "lost it," after coming face-to-face with the boy
(whom/who/whose) was tormenting her daughter. The incident happened at a mall. Piscitella
19
approached the boy, yelled and strangled him and was (lately/latest/later) put in jail. After the
arrest, Piscitella's mug shot appeared across several news outlets coupled with headlines like "Mom
arrested, accused (by/with/of) assault over Facebook comments." However, she made bail and
this morning appeared on "Good Morning America" to express regret for her actions and share the
rest of the story. The boy, a freshman named Jon, posted comments about McKenna on Facebook
that were extremely (cruelly /cruel / cruelty) and sexual, according to ksdk.com. While the
particulars (haven't been made/haven’t made/were made) public, Piscitella described them to
"GMA" as being (too/so/such) inappropriate to share on television. She said that when the
taunting took place, McKenna was so upset that she wanted to hurt herself. Throughout the live
interview, it was clear how (many/ much/little) pain the young girl is still in as she appeared
teary-eyed and almost too choked up to speak.

14. In today’s world, many (adolescents / teenagers / adults) find themselves unsatisfied with
their jobs and wishing (for / from / in) something more. Many people wish that they could gain
more (jobs skills / job skills / skill jobs) and make more money, (but / because / as) their
job demands and attendance requirements of the traditional schooling setting make this seem
impossible. The good news is that the Internet provides many online learning opportunities available
that will allow you to gain a higher education, earn a degree and (becomes / will become /
become) more marketable. And the great thing about the benefits of (lifelong / virtual /
traditional) schooling is that you can get an education according to your own schedule and can do
it from the comfort of your own home. In fact, thousands of working professionals (have been /
were / had been) able to increase their knowledge and jobs skills without ever having to enter a
classroom thanks (in / on / to) online classes.

15. A schoolgirl who was found hanged in her bedroom may have been driven to kill herself by
bullies jealous (of/for/from) her popularity and good looks. Jade Stringer, 14, died six days after
she was found unconscious by her father, David. Friends say the teenager, who was well-liked and
attractive,(has endured/ had endured/ would endure) a campaign of bullying over the past
(few/a few/little) months. It is understood that she may also have been upset about having her
mobile phone (confiscated/confiscation/ confiscating) by her family because they felt she was
using it too much. She (was rushed/was rushing/ rushed) to Fairfield General Hospital
(which/where/whose) she died after almost a week on life support. Friends of the teenager, who
attended Haslingden High School in nearby Rossendale, Lancashire, claimed she (had been/ would
be/had bullied). Tributes to Jade left on Twitter and Facebook said she had been a victim of
bullying. One pupil wrote, 'She was (been/be/being) bullied by numerous people.' Chelsea
Lazaruik added, 'Rest In Peace, Jade Stringer. You didn't deserve to die the way you did. Bullying is
horrible you were gorgeous in every way.

16. A Maryland teen was preparing to speak on camera with a local news crew about being bullied
at his high school in Brunswick when, suddenly, he (would be attacked/was attacked/is
attacking) by three students with the cameras still rolling. "The student came up to me and pushed
me out of the way and said 'What are you recording?'" Preston Deener, a sophomore,
(lately/latest/later) told WHAG. "All of sudden, the student (was chasing/was chased/ is
chasing) me and I needed some help." According to Deener, he tried fighting back when a bully
tackled him last week but was suspended for three days. Since then, he takes his
(complaining/complain/complaints) straight to the administration, (though/tough/ thought)
his mom isn't sure his grievances are being addressed. "I'm hoping now that they take this more
(serious/seriously/seriousness) than what they have," Cheryl Deener said. Frederick County
Public Schools communications director Michael Doerrer told the news station a full investigation
(will launch/would be launched/will be launched), but tried to temper expectations, saying
"bullying is a problem at many schools (around/alike/above) the country, not just a problem in
Frederick County."

17. Continuing education – the acquisition or improvement of work-related skills by people already
in the workforce – became (increased/increasingly/increasing) vital throughout the 20th
century partially as a result of (technologies/technology/technological) advances, which led
many industries to depend on high-tech equipment. Furthermore, the corporate downsizing of the
1980s and 1990s added to the need for workers to upgrade their skills in order to retain their
positions or to compete effectively for new (ones/once/one). During the 1990s, the number of
continuing-education programs as well as the number of adults enrolled in (so/such/alike)
programs rose rapidly. For example, more than 50 universities offered
industry-(drove/driving/driven) certificate programs by 1997 (only 25 in 1990). Moreover, the
20
number of people enrolled in university continuing-education programs grew to 76 million by 1997.
Continuing education includes formal and informal (trainer/ trainee/training). Workers may
(learn/ yearn/earn) college degrees through formal programs, concentrate on professional
development courses or participate in programs that include both formal and informal elements.
Generally, continuing education refers to classes and seminars that focus (on/at/for) job-related
skills and knowledge.

18. Maybe our attraction to Facebook began with a simple desire to keep in touch with your friends,
or make new ones online. Or perhaps you were just (fed/ bored/ scared). But now Facebook is
possibly turning (in/ to/ into) addiction. If you're finding it difficult to spend an hour of your
waking life (by/ without/ until) thinking about Facebook, you may be looking for a way out.
(Whatever/ Whenever/ Wherever) the reason, there are many of us that want, at some point,
to quit Facebook and (save/ throw/ delete) our accounts, but don’t’ want to lose (relation/
emotion/ touch) with all their friends on the service. We've all had that one friend (who/
whose/ whom) deactivated his/her Facebook and was never (see/ seen/ sight) again.

19. The main attraction for many students is the autonomy that distance learning allows: the
(enable/ able/ ability ) to study at your own pace, in line with your own learning style and
educational needs. All in the comfort of your own home! (Virtual/Lifelong/Formal) learning is not
for the undisciplined. It is essential that you are able to study (independent/ independence/
independently) and without the support or supervision of teaching staff. You are unlikely to have
(apportunityies /opportuniys/opportunities) to apply your knowledge directly, and will have no
one on hand to tell you where you might be going wrong. It is also important to make sure you have
the resources you need: a good Internet (connection/communication/ degree). Distance
learning can be very demanding. You will need to be extremely self-motivated, independent, and
hard-working. Do not consider a distance learning of course if you are the type to leave things to the
(lasting/first/ last) minute. Before (enrol/enrolling/enrolment) in a distant learning
program, put yourself to the test. If your enthusiasm is gone within a week, distance learning might
not be for you. A book sitting (at/on/by) your table does not mean a lesson learned.

20. In 2001, Labour launched an ambitious new strategy, Skills for Life, with the aim of improving
the basic skill levels of 2.25 million adults by the end of the decade. Over the next seven years,
£5bn was (investment/investing/invested) and thousands of teachers were taken on
(teaching/to teach/taught) literacy, numeracy and English for Speakers of Other Languages
ESOL. The results (have been/has been/would be) impressive. By 2008, more than 2.8 million
adults had gained a qualification in basic skills, enabling Labour to claim it had reached (its/it/it’s)
target two years early. By that time, the (formerly/former/formally) government had set its
sights higher, with the 2006 Leitch review – Prosperity for all in the global economy – setting a new
objective for 95% of adults to achieve the basic skills of functional literacy and numeracy
(in/at/by) 2020. Achieving such a goal would mean (reduction/ reducing/reduced) the
number of adults struggling with basic literacy and numeracy from the current level, thought to be
around 5 million, to (few/fewest/fewer) than 2 million by the end of the decade.

21. There can no longer be any doubt that adult education within lifelong learning is a key factor for
economic and social development, as well as being a human right. New (political/
politics/policies) for adult education must now result (in/from/for) coherent forms of laws and
legislation (clearly/clear/clearer) spelling out ways and means for financing adult education.
These must (exclude/involve/provide) the public, private, and non-governmental organization
(NGO) sectors, social partners, and individuals. (As/Like/Such as) studies for CONFINTEA VI (The
Sixth World International Conference in Adult Education) demonstrate, change in most countries is
slow and not far-reaching (too/so/enough), especially because of too low a public sector
investment in human resources. In the current global financial crisis things (got/will get/
are getting) worse, and the gaps between those with and those without are widening at all levels.
The (need/needs/needy) to reverse this trend is urgent.

22. In 1980, a school (to / for/by) adolescent deaf child was opened in the area of Managua. By
1983 there were over 400 deaf students enrolled (in/ on/ at) the school. Initially, the language
programme focused (about/ on/ off) spoken Spanish and lip-reading, the program achieved little
success (with/ to/ over) most students failing to understand the meaning of Spanish words. The
schoolyard, the street and the bus to and from school provided fertile ground (at/for/by) the
pupils to communicate with each other. And (from/ in/ by) combining gestures and elements of
their home-sgin systems, a pidgin-like form rapidly emerged. Staff (about/around/ at) the school
21
asked for help. The ministry of Education contacted Judy Kegl, an American Sign Language linguist.
Then, the story of Nicaraguan Sign Language has been widely reported (with/around/ under) the
world.

23. I have a group of ladies who are beginner to intermediate level snow skiers that I teach each
week for eight weeks during the winter. When we were sitting on the chairlift, we saw some of the
little kids below (where / who / which) were fearlessly zipping down the slopes. These kids
(should / could / must) have been anywhere from four to six years of age. Some of the ladies
remarked how they wished they (start / started / had started) snow skiing at the same age of
these little kids. They claimed that the kids seemed to have no fear (like / unlike / as) them,
struggling adults. When the kids fall on the snow, they (already / just / yet) get up again and
laugh it off. This is in total contrast to adults who often have a (deep / cheerful / unstable) fear
of falling and injuring themselves.

24. ICT is boring. At school we go in, sit down, the teacher explains (which / what / that) we are
going to do, and then we just get on with it. Every lesson we are learning how to use Microsoft and
Excel and (make / made / making) documents. I'm not really good with computers so it's not
fun. We are taught how to (register / save / research) documents and search for simple
information, but we are (in / on / at) the internet at home and do (much / many / most) of our
homework on the computer so we know how to do that. I wish we (can / could / should) learn
how to do graphics, how to make a game or how to use Facebook safely.

25. In 1986, Robert E. Slavin conducted a research on ‘Ability Grouping’ in elementary schools. One
of the main arguments (for / against / off) ability grouping is that the practice creates classes or
groups of low achievers (who/ whom/ whose) are deprived of the examples and motivation
provided by (high/ higher/ highly) achievers. Labeling students (due/ thanks/ according) to
ability and assigning them to low-achievement groups may also result in low (expectancy/
expectations/ acceptance). Further, groups with low performance often receive a (low/ lower/
lowest) quality of instruction than other groups. Slavin sees as the most compelling argument
against ability grouping (it’s/ its/ itself) creation of academic elites, a practice which (talks/
follows/ goes) against democratic ideals.

26. Online school reports are said to replace traditional mailed reports. Once upon a time, in a land
before the (sea / internet / college), school pupils could hide a bad end-of-year report deep
inside an unfindable bin, tell parents it wasn't (ready / valuable / virtual) yet, and hope that by
the end of the summer holiday, the detailed notes on ( attended / unattended / attentive)
maths lessons and Ds in English would be long (forget / forgot / forgotten). But, students!
Those days are (over / out / above). Some English secondary schools provided (higher /
online / police) reports for all parents who are able now to find (out / away / off) what their
children do each day in school just by (hugging / digging logging) on to a secure website.

27. About a quarter of a million students in kindergarten through 12th grade were enrolled in full-
time online schools last year, a 25% increase over the previous year. Some parents choose these
schools (but / because / despite) their children are struggling in traditional schools; others do so
for their (flexible / cheap / lazy) schedules. But as the number of students learning online full
time (grow / grows / has grown), so have questions about the effectiveness of that approach.
"There's so (many / much / little) more to learning than content acquisition," said Dennis Van
Roekel, president of the National Education Association, a teachers union (this / that / where)
supports the use of some online content to enhance learning (for / by / in) brick-and-mortar
schools. "There's socialization. There's discussion in classroom. And (as / like / such) a teacher for
23 years, you know there are times when they (rarely / already / just) need a little
encouragement. You've got to be able to look at their face and know whether they need a push or
maybe a hug."

28. In mixed ability classes teachers have to cater for a range of students whose previous
attainment varies considerably. Most teachers respond (at / to / on) this challenge by providing
work that is differentiated (both / either / neither) by providing different tasks for different
students within the same class, or by giving all students a task that can be attempted in a (lack /
few / variety) of ways and at different levels. Teachers often let students (work / to work /
working) ‘at their own pace’ through differentiated books or worksheets. In ability-grouping classes
students are brought together (unless / yet / because) they are believed to be of similar ‘ability’.
Yet such lessons are often conducted as though students are not only similar, but (identical /
22
different / flexible) — in terms of ability, learning style and pace of working. However, the pace
and (level / ability / reason) of work of these lessons have also been a considerable source of
dissatisfaction, both for students (whose / who / whom) find the pace of lessons too fast and for
those who find it too slow.

29. Technology is an increasingly influential factor in education. Computers and mobile phones are
being (widely – wide – width) used in developed countries both to complement established
education practices (also – and – too) develop new ways of learning such as online education. This
gives students the (goal – opportunity – period) to choose what they are interested in while
learning. Technology offers (powerful – power – powerless) learning tools and demands new
skills and understandings of students (included – including – inclusive) multimedia, and provides
new ways to engage students, such as (virtual learning environment – environment virtual
learning – learning virtual environment).

30. Location often contributes to a child’s lack of access and attendance to education. In certain
areas of the world it is (increase – increasing – increasingly) difficult for children to get to
school. For example, in high-altitude areas of India, severe weather conditions for more than 7
months of the year make school attendance erratic and force children to remain at home,
(providing – depriving – obliging) them of a basic right. Gender also contributes to a child’s lack
of access and attendance to education. In 25 countries the proportion of boys (enrolling -
registration – record) in secondary school is higher than girls by 10% or more, and in five
countries , India, Nepal, Togo, Turkey and Yemen, the gap exceeds 20%. The worst disparity is
found in South Asia, (which – how –where) 52% of boys enroll in (similarity – contrast –
likely) to only 33% of girls. Enrollment is low for both boys and girls in sub-Saharan Africa, with
rates of just 27% and 22%. Girls trail respectively behind. It is generally believed that girls
(often discourage - are often discouraged- are often discouraging) from attending primary
schooling, especially in (developed – developing – industrialized) countries for religious and
cultural reasons. Therefore, a child’s gender continues to contribute to access and attendance today

31. Among the poor, there is often not enough food at home and most schools in developing
countries lack canteens or cafeterias. School meals are a good way to provide poor children
(within, with, without) vital nourishment. Having a full stomach also helps them concentrate
better at school. In countries where school attendance is (high, slow, low) , the promise of at least
one nutritious meal each day (boosts, lasts, resorts) enrolment and promotes regular attendance.
Parents are (prevented, motivated, compelled) to send their children to school instead of (keep,
kept, keeping) them at home to look after siblings. In the poorest parts of the world, a school
meal programme can double primary school enrolment. Among the key beneficiaries are girls, who
(otherwise, however, whereas) may never be (gave, give, given) the opportunity to learn.

32. On-campus classes are another option for adult students. Classes are often (assessed, added,
offered) at many different times to provide the best (sorts, options, things) to work around
schedules. Many classes are even offered at night, meaning that many people can work (due to,
during, around) the day and take classes at night. One benefit of (took, taken, taking) classes
on-campus is that professors are there on a (days, day, daily) basis to help teach new concepts
and answer questions. They can provide one-on-one help to students, making information (easiest,
easier, harder) to learn. On-campus classes also provide opportunities to meet new students and
form relationships with the professors. (Despite, However, Also), the main problem of on-campus
classes is that they can interfere (within, without, with) schedules and make students drive out
to the campus and back multiple times a week.

33. The Nobel Prize is the most prestigious award I have ever heard of. It has been awarded every
year since 1901, (at, on, in) the 10th of December, for the best (foundation, performance,
recognition) in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Peace, Medicine, Literature and Economics. The
Prize (includes, excludes, awards) a gold medal, a diploma and a cash award. The Nobel Prize
winners (are called, were called, have been called) Nobel Laureates. (Selecting, Selection,
Selected) these laureates is very tough and the process starts a year before. Anybody worthy of
(receiving, awarding, giving) a Nobel award can be nominated (not respective, irrespective,
respective) of color, race or religion. There are committees set for each subject to (decide,
nominate, choose) on the winners.

23
THE KEY
I- WORD FORM

1. damaging * loss * earlier * continuous * to rest * causes

2. addictive * hugely * development * Fame * thought * needed * teaching * acceptance
3. have made * renewal * appears * researchers * currently * emissions
4. to imagine * ability * These * creative * (had) tried * eventually * memories * costly
5. physicist * scientific * was removed * death * being * apparent * ideas * smaller
6. prompted * medical * more * sitting * said * obesity * healthier
7. activist * deeply * death * will be remembered * inspiration * striving * thoughts
8. the deaf * granted * curiosity * invented * importance * thought
9. working * has spread * successfully * happier * wives * inequality
10. importance * strengths * unacceptable * creating * contribute * significant
11. stepped * spinning * smoothly * harder * 43-year-old * tourists * go * had to * happens
12. has made * stopped * breaking * biggest * poorly trained * unable
13. disappointment * strongest * lay * unsuccessful * turning * have obeyed * truly * will work
14. suggesting * recovery * is believed * narrowed * fourth * had taken
15. increasingly * announced privacy * users * personal * admitting
16. hospitality * felt * have been passed down * sandy * beautiful * golden * inspiration
17. educational * latest * qualifications * necessarily * required * trying
18. to realize * based * virtually * advancement * employees * various * theoretical
19. It’s a peace-promoting * are * trying * weakest * have been helping/ have helped * completely *
generosity
20. occurs * isolating * loyalty * to become * bully * physically * are considered * harder
21. applications * are delivered * led * personal * easily * educators * offering * earliest * to enhance
22. employment * higher * Vocational * employer(s) * encounter * perform * means * basic
23. cheaper * renowned * is used * locations * to teach * related * gives * allowing
24. informing * survivor * unaware * have left * losses * moved * 50-year-old * repeatedly
25. directly * basis * are affected * engaging * neighbo(u)rhood * happens * comfortable * to get
26. childhood * communicated * using * totally * hadn’t spoken * was * Growing * education
27. directly * to choose * reduced * effects * these * instructor(s) *
28. was * belief * to understand * mine * gave * endly
29. creating * poverty * satisfactory * fifth * has kept * easily
30. targeted * to change * moving * bullying * more likely * Researchers
31. bored * into * without * Whatever * delete * touch * who * seen
32. ability/abilities * achievers * latest * do not tell * affected * definitely * assessments * behavior(al)
33. fascinating * encouraging * undesirable * exposure * increases * are * newly * be used * enhances
34. newly qualified * accountable * instability * are currently working * would be * support
35. was designed * movements * sadness * to highlight * suffering * Japanese
36. working * managers * was introduced * discrimination * starting * wanted
24
37. finance * listening * was hit * care * fully * was employed * was driving * to cross
38. preventing * strengths * lives * be addressed * greatest * physically * affordable * management * is
needed * adulthood * obesity
39. needed * meant * flights * are sold * complaints * dissatisfied * goes * depends * significant * resulting
40. mysterious * destructive * technological * frequently * easier * would struggle * effective * personal *
have been made

II- BLANKS
1. safety * launched * accommodation * included * than * new
2. provides * basic * latest * under * notebooks * to attend
3. denial * primary * out-of-school * childhood * literate * less
4. by * adventurous * according to * excitement * potentially * picturesque
5. as * key * holidays * boost if * although
6. blame * easier * book * for * Thanks * either
7. launched * with * huge * resources * access * booking
8. skills * experts * developing * with * drain * out
9. on * artificial * stored * what * searches * industries
10. without * chores * in almost * launched * for * nearly
11. due * apparently * better * in * however, the money is spent … * rather
12. About * since * reportedly * expertise * loss * leave * lot * abroad
13. warning * exodus * scarce * losing * social * highly * to
14. vacation * discovery * packages * deals * agencies * advice * travelers * travel agent
15. for * attending * offer * qualified * major * teens * trouble
16. charted * largest * gradual * providing * booking * halls * into …cheap holidays which combined .. * and
17. explore * enjoyment * through * skilled * provide * found
18. motherhood * adult * enrolled * academic * what * challenges * thrive * lifetime
19. conventional * Among * appealing * options * attend * schedule * commitments * ensuring * on
20. lifetime * schooling * involves * independent * which * skills * require * enjoyment
21. around * require * available * easily * commitments * whenever * effective * motivation
22. in * result in * lectures * relevant * tiredness * access * actually * increasing
23. lack * nourishment * denied * enrolment * instead * poorest * several * address
24. fulfill * allows * whether * traditional definitely * first * now * before
25. providing * access * lectures * ensures * regularly * out * commitments * leading
26. allows * pursuing * entire * as * with * standards * both * schedule
27. grave * knowledge, * learning * abilities * development * economic * formal
28. experience * outdated * enrolled * manage * mature * benefited * more * focus
29. than * those * currently * qualifications * deprived * worst
30. empty * from * nutrition * efficient * in * likely
31. struggle * with * belief * learning * threatened * proud * to * absolutely
32. While * keep * need * just * through * whether * for * also
33. wants * about * weather * by * need * skills * who * so
34. failures * found * lower * according * analyst * which
35. means (a means / several means) * methods * From * just * sophisticated * realize
36. compulsory * primary * subjects * school
37. empower * interactive * unwilling * By * passion * attitudes
38. for * courses * attend * greater * schedules * method
39. While * attending * via * obtaining * beneficial * to obtain * to * flexibility
40. trained * fields * graduate * opt * demand * on * highly * incentive
41. back * recognize * expense * raise * departure * pushed out
42. guide * about * developed * enough * recent * shape
43. FOR ARTS SECTION: images * express * solitude * end * evidently the subject… * Besides
44. whether * addictive * clearly * on * likely * risk * anxiety * person
45. dramatically * about * hired * resume * needn’t * inappropriate

III- Multiple choice

1. smokers * increasingly * include * dependency * on * lives

2. tools * with/to * where * groups * have started * skilled
3. Even * physicist * while * sensitive * shouldn’t * unless * whose *excessive
4. patients * who * greater * on * remedies * field
5. when * but * could * had to go * There was not enough money * for
6. biggest * which reach * undeniable * make * smaller * felt * others
7. losing * irritable* performance * lack * of * did
8. to work * on * so * be integrated * responsibility
9. when * on * any * later * had been * celebrity * told * better
10. actually * are * who * wear * journey * ceremony * crowds
11. despite * written * had been * since * with * that
12. engaged * ever * If * pace * memory * inexpensive * who * for
13. bullied * who * later * of * cruel * haven’t been made * too * much
25
14. adults * for * job skills * but * become * virtual * have been * to
15. of * had endured * few * confiscated * was rushed * where * had been * being
16. was attacked * later * was chasing * complaints * though * seriously * would be launched * around
17. increasingly * technological * ones * such * driven * training * earn * on
18. bored * into * without * Whatever * delete * touch * seen
19. ability * Virtual * independently * opportunities * connection * last * enrolling
20. invested * to teach * have been * its * former * reducing * fewer
21. policies * in * clearly * involve * As * enough * are getting * need
22. for * in * on * with * for * by * at * around
23. who * must * had started * unlike * just * deep
24. what * make * save * on * much * could
25. against * who * high * according * expectations * lower * its * goes
26. internet * ready * unattended * forgotten * over * online * out * logging
27. because * flexible * has grown * much * that * in * as * just
28. to * either * variety * work * because * identical * level * who
29. widely * and * opportunity * powerful * including * virtual learning environment
30. increasingly * depriving * enrolling * where * contrast * are often discouraged * developing
31. with * low * boosts * motivated * keeping * otherwise * given
32. On-campus… offered * options * during * daily * easier * However * with
33. The Nobel… on * performance * includes * are called * Selecting * receiving * irrespective (of) =
regardless (of) * decide

26