© 2022 JETIR May 2022, Volume 9, Issue 5 www.jetir.

org (ISSN-2349-5162)

“DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC TRAFFIC REDUCING

SYSTEM AT DAHISAR CHECK NAKA”
1
Md. Aaquib Md. Naushad Anwar, 2Md. Altaf Md. Naushad Anwar, 3Vikram Dattatray Nikam and 4Asir
Khan
1,2,3
U.G. Student, Currently pursuing degree in Civil Engineering, Universal College Of Engineering, Mumbai, India – 401208.
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Universal College of Engineering, Mumbai, India- 401208

Abstract: Hydraulic footpath traffic reducing system is based on a hydraulic Jack system for reducing traffic congestion. At present time the
footpath provided on the edges of the road is mono functional reserves only for pedestrians. To reduce the congestion of traffic we propose
the design of a modified footpath platform which will be used by both vehicles as well as peoples to reduce the traffic congestion. We ought
to use hydraulic jacks and pre-stressed concrete slabs to provide an upward and downward motion to the footpath. With the help of this
mechanism, the footpath can be used for pedestrians by raising its level and also could be used as a separate lane by lowering it. Hence,
reducing the amount of traffic significantly by simply providing an extra lane on the road. This paper emphasizes the dissolution of major
traffic congestion at Dahisar check Naka and its traffic and traffic volume. The survey day was selected on the working day that is Tuesday
and the peak hour time is selected for survey between two points. Additional data is collected and analyzed in the morning and afternoon.
This study will help to introduce the modified footpath traffic reducing system in conjunction with the study area ensuring smooth traffic
flow.

Index Terms- Traffic control, vehicle counting, hydraulic jack, automated footpath.

I. INTRODUCTION

The population on Earth is expanding at a very rapid pace. As every individual is opting to travel by their own vehicles instead of public
vehicles because of more comfort and time efficient, the number of vehicles is also increasing which leads to traffic congest ion because the
vehicle on the road is more than their capacity. If this traffic is not managed properly, this will lead to conflict and especially for emergency
vehicles such as ambulance and fire trucks they will not be able to reach their destination on time. However, the main problem is still that
emergency vehicles cannot go as fast as they can because of the vehicles on the road. Nowadays, the majority of deaths are because of traffic
congestion and emergency vehicles aren’t of use either because they cannot move fast enough due to traffic jam. Even if there is no
congestion, the emergency vehicles are still stuck on the road due to traffic lights, leading to loss of life. Also most people could not make an
effort to let these vehicles get a pass first. And also because of lacking of footpaths in most of the places, peoples are forced to walk on the
edges of the road causing further traffic issues. Our idea will easily manage the traffic and be very efficient in case of emergency vehicle to
reach their destination efficiently. The goal of this study is to regulate the traffic flow by creating an extra lane with the use of modified
footpath which will speed up the flow of traffic and decrease the latency of emergency vehicles.

Generally, traffic is defined as a person or any type of goods movement between one place and another, which includes pedestrians, herded
animals and other conveyances. There is no extensively accepted definition of traffic congestion. The primary motive for this loss of
consensus in congestion is:

i. A physical phenomenon regarding how automobiles hinder each other’s progression as the call for constrained road space
approaches full capacity.
ii. A relative phenomenon relating to consumer expectancies vis-à-vis avenue system overall performance. Each operational
and personal perspective is critical in understanding congestion and its impact .
A) REASONS FOR TRAFFIC CONGESTIONS
i. Rapid increase in population: As the population increases, the demand for transportation services increases resulting in an
increasing number of vehicles used by peoples and ultimately causing traffic congestion.

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ii. Deficiency of traffic police: Traffic police are inadequate in Dahisar check Naka due to which there is a lack of proper
direction and resulting in the trapping of vehicles in traffic.
iii. Increase in private transport: Due to the lack of comfort and time efficiency people are shifting toward purchasing their
own vehicle. Due to which our present road size cannot handle the rising traffic leading to congestion.
iv. Behaviors of peoples: Human behavior plays a major role in traffic condition as studies reveal that mental disorder,
depression, anxiety, and emotions affects the vehicular flow and traffic.
B) PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
i. Delay to passengers.
ii. Not following traffic regulation lead to haphazard movement of traffic.
iii. Non-adequacy of green time.
iv. Obstruction on road causing blockage.
C) NEED FOR STUDY
i. Need to improve and settle several traffic volumes at a particular section.
ii. Need for fast movement of emergency vehicles.
iii. Need for a better method to use footpath as a carriageway.

Fig.1. STUDY AREA: SAI PLACE TO DAHISAR CHECK NAKA.

II. Literature review

a) Richard Arnott and Kenneth Small (1994) studied different views on remedies for traffic congestion. They proposed that the
standard remedy to reduce traffic congestion is to “build our way out”. But that would be very expensive. Another alternative
solution is by building new capacity in form of mass transit. He proposed three paradoxes that explain the majors of traffic
congestion. Their approach was to propose a strategy to maximize an individual driver’s convenience during rush hour which
ultimately contributes to traffic congestion.
b) Ken Wykle (2005) studied and proposed three revolutions to slow or stop the increase in congestion. First revolution is the
completion of the transcontinental railroad. The second revolution is the development of the interstate highway system. The third
revolution was to develop new water freight corridors. Stated to slow or stop the congestion we must look for various other ways,
like development of high speed freight corridors-highways with truck lanes separately or highways built primarily for trucks and
double tracking of major rail routes and water marine highways along the costs.
c) Sarah B. Cosgrove and William L. Holahan (2012) studied the impact of heavy vehicles on traffic streams on freeways. They
completed a differentiated toll to initialize the differential vehicle size internally. They concluded that larger and heavier
automobiles have a nominal or even negative effect on congestion.
d) Ahmed F. Al-Kaisy and Fred L. Hall, Emily S. Reisman (2002) studied the impact of heavy vehicles on freeways during queue
discharge flow. They investigated the hypothesis that the effect of heavy vehicles is greater during congestion than during the
unsaturated condition and developed an approach to quantify this effect by deriving passenger can equivalents (PCEs) using queue
discharge flow capacity as equivalency criterion.
III. STUDY AREA

Our study area is at Dahisar check Naka and as the toll naka is the entry point to north Mumbai it witnesses the movement of lakhs of
vehicles every day and is increasing day by day. Because of this traffic congestion is also increasing and it is leading to the worst problems.
The footpath is also not in good condition near Dahisar check naka, because the area is overcrowded and the footpath is not in condition the
commuters are facing tough times (Gutter on the footpath). After implementing of this system, we can improve the condition of the present
footpath by adding new ones and also it will be modified to a newer advanced version.

IV. METHODOLOGY

Our concept is based on hydraulic jack system that works on the principle of Pascal’s law. Pascal’s law states that “For a closed container
filled with incompressible fluid, if we apply pressure at one end it will be equally transmitted in all directions. In simple words, at hydrostatic

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conditions pressure applied is similar in all directions. One end of the hydraulic jack is connected to the power source and the other end is
connected to the modified platform and the jack is filled with incompressible fluid. From the power source an amount of force is generated
which then creates a pressure on the smaller side which is equally transmitted to the other side of hydraulic jack connected with the modified
footpath platform. As pressure is equal on both ends, but at one end the area is larger as compared to the other end hence, huge amount of
force is generated which will be able to lift the jack for lifting heavier loads.

A) HYDRAULIC MACHINE

The word fluid mechanics is rooted on fluids. In Hydraulic machines, power is transmitted from one end to the other end in tanks and pipes,
and conversion of hydraulic energy to mechanical energy takes place. Hydraulic jack is based totally on Pascal’s law according to which if
there is an increase in stress at the surface of a constrained fluid is transmitted unrelieved in the course of the limited vessel or system.

B) HYDRAULIC JACK SYSTEM

Pascal's principle additionally referred to as Pascal's law, in fluid (fuel or liquid) mechanics, declared that fluid at relaxation in a closed field,
a strained exchange in a single component is transmitted without loss to every part of the fluid and the walls of the container. A utility of that
is hydraulic jack which is used to elevate a vehicle off the floor. A small pressure carried out to a small-vicinity piston is converted to a large
pressure at a huge-vicinity piston. If a car sits on the pinnacle of the massive piston, it could be lifted by making use of a particularly small
force to the smaller piston, the multiplied force is generated on the larger area piston to lift off the vehicles.

C) WORKING PRINCIPLE

Inside a hydraulic Jack there is one larger platform area and a smaller platform area. Both of these platforms are attached with Pistons

It is a tube-like structure Thor early filled with uniform non-compressible fluids. The cross-sectional area at piston P1 is A1 and at piston P2 is
A2.

By applying force on smaller piston P1 the pressure gets exerted uniformly throughout the platform in all directions and the same pressure is
transferred to the larger platform moving it upward.

Mathematically,

P1=P2

Therefore, F2/F1 = A2/A1

Assume that, A2 is the larger area and A1 is the area at smaller end.

i.e. A2>>>A1,

Hence, F2>>> F1

Since, Work done=applied force × distance moved, and work done is the same at both the ends

W1=F1×d1

W2=F2×d2

And since, W1=W2

This means that,

F2/F1=d1/d2

Since the broad cylinder has an area many times the narrow cylinder. In that case, the force developed in the wide cylinder is many times the
force applied in the narrow end.

V. ANALYSIS:

Traffic congestion is an important issue in India that is often ignored in urban areas. Traffic noise and traffic related air pollutants like C02,
NO2, CO, etc. coexist in the traffic environment. Polluted air from vehicles contributes majorly to the growth of air pollution in the country,
which has harmful impacts on public health. There is proof that states that exposure to traffic and noise related to traffic can increase the risk
of heart diseases, such as high blood pressure and heart attacks.

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Fig.2. DIMENSION OF ACTUAL FOOTPATH SLAB

A) DESIGN OF MODIFIED PLATFORM

Width of the footpath is = 2.8m.

Thickness of slab = 20 cm = 0.2m.

Using pre-stressed concrete for the construction of HTRS because of the following reasons:

1. It can be cast and used as per our needs and requirements.

2. Thermal expansion is resisted since we use expansion joints.

ISHB 400 frame and provided at the bottom of each scale, for assuring the strength of the slab and for connection between piston and slab.

Expansion Joints: Each slab is connected to the reinforced rods using expansion joints.

The reason for using expansion joints are

1. It can be replaced upon damage

2. Smooth working of our system which will work in all seasons without any damage

B) DESIGN CRITERIA

Fig.3. JOINT SPACING REQUIRED FOR PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

As per the table above:

Since, pavement thickness = 20 cm =200 mm.

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Therefore, spacing between the expansion joints is given by 4.6 m.

Assume maximum spacing between the expansion joints as 5.0 m.

Hydraulic jacks are to be provided at every expansion joints.

Therefore, dimension of each slab to be provided as a platform = 5m x 2.8m x 0.2m

Live load (pedestrian loading) = 5 KN/m2

Dead Load (self-weight of platform) = Density x Thickness

= 2500 kg/m3 x 0.2m

= 5 KN/m2

Total load = (Live load+ Dead load)

= 5+5

= 10 KN/m2

Factored load = 10 x 1.5

= 15 KN/m2

Load on each slab = 15*(5*2.8) KN

Hence, Load on each slab is = 210 KN

Fig.4. DIMENSIONS OF MODIFIED SLAB

C) TABLES AND CHARTS

Time (min.) Heavy Vehicles 3 Wheeler 2 Wheeler 4 Wheeler

0-1 1 33 40 30

1-2 7 51 41 39

2-3 8 25 28 20

3-4 6 31 39 39

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4-5 4 35 43 43

5-6 4 43 46 36

6-7 5 23 49 42

v7-8 4 26 34 47

8-9 4 24 44 40

9-10 5 38 45 29

TABLE.1. INCOMMING TRAFFIC VOLUME COUNTS (DATA COLLECTED ON 24 AUGUST, 2021)

60

50

40
Heavy Vehicles
30 3 Wheeler
2 Wheeler
20
4 Wheeler
10

0
Time 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10
(min.)

Fig.5. BAR CHART OF INCOMMINNG TRAFFIC COUNTS

Time (min.) Heavy Vehicles 3 Wheeler 2 Wheeler 4 Wheeler

0-1 3 20 25 22
1-2 6 30 47 49
2-3 2 12 32 30
3-4 5 22 36 45

4-5 7 22 37 31
5-6 8 36 35 39
6-7 2 16 41 35

7-8 4 24 36 30
8-9 2 15 26 38
9-10 6 25 32 21

TABLE.2. OUTGOING TRAFFIC VOLUME COUNTS (DATA COLLECTED ON 24 AUGUST, 2021)

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60

50

40
Heavy Vehicles
30 3 Wheller
2 Wheller
20
4 Wheeler
10

0
Time 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10
(min.)

Fig.6. BAR CHART OF OUTGOING TRAFFIC COUNTS

D) IMPROVEMENT IN TRAFFIC

Our study area, Dahisar Check Naka consists of 3 incoming lanes towards Mumbai and 3 outgoing lanes from Mumbai and is highly
congested during the peak hours hence the modified platform can be introduced here, increasing the number of lines by one. Therefore after
implementation of modified platform number of lanes will become four and the traffic can be reduced by 25%.

VI. CONCLUSION:

Traffic congestion has been a worldwide issue and the main cause is insufficient road capacity to serve the present number of vehicles on the
road. Our study was done at Dahisar Check Naka which is one of the busiest routes. This project reduces traffic caused by the lack of driving
lanes and also provides an extra lane for emergency vehicles for speedy services across the city. This would also help us reduce congestion
on roads and allow people to reach their respective destinations quicker.

VII. ACKNOWLWDGEMENT:

We would like to express special thanks of gratitude to our guide Professor Asir Khan for their able guidance and support in completing this
project. We would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the Mumbai (Dahisar check Naka) traffic police, who
permitted us to conduct a traffic survey (vehicle count survey).

VIII. REFERENCES:

1. ANALYSIS OF FLUIDS FOR HYDRAULIC LIFTS-Sumeet Sambhaji Pisal1, Shantanu Prabhu Mosalakanti2 Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET) International. Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019.

2. Hydraulic Jack System Installed in Footpath for Reducing Traffic in Case of Emergency, Automatic Street Light Control System
Based On LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) For Minimize the Electricity Consumption BY-Ms. Nida Aafreen Aslam Khan1, Ms.
Komal Sunil Pise2, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020.

3. M. Antony Maria Thomas Benny1, U.S. Chavan2, Design and Analysis of Piston Rod Joint in Hydraulic Cylinder for Industrial
Implements, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume
14, Issue 3 Ver. VII (May - June 2017), PP 47-53.

4. Rohan Dhumal1, Aniket Kumbhar2, Umesh Thite3, Design and Fabrication of Hydraulic Lift, International Journal of Research in
Engineering, Science and Management Volume-2, Issue-1, January-2019 www.ijresm.com | ISSN (Online): 2581-5792.

5. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 11, Issue 5, May 2020, pp. 34-43,
Article ID: IJARET_11_05_005
Available online http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=11&Issue=5ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499.

6. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181 Published by, www.ijert.org ICART -
2021 Conference Proceedings.

7. Reliable Hydraulic System Operation Through Proper Fluid Selection & Maintenance John R. Sander, Vice President of
Technology Lubrication Engineers, Inc.sss

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