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Insight to Security Paradigm , Research Trend & Statistics in Internet

of Things(IoT)

Jyoti Neeli , Shamshekhar Patil

PII: S2666-285X(21)00012-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gltp.2021.01.012
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To appear in: Global Transitions Proceedings

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 Insight to Security Paradigm , Research Trend & Statistics in Internet of Things(IoT)

Jyoti Neelia,Shamshekhar Patilb*

a
Dept. of ISE,Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru-560098,India
b
Dept. of CSE, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560060,India
*a 9480041556.,jyothi.neeli@gat.ac.in,b 9448225714shamshekhar.patil@dr-ait.org

Abstract
The technology named Internet of Things (IoT) extends the ability for the man kind and computers to control billions of connectivity
entities such as actuators, sensors, and other services. Realizing IoT as a system would permit integration of the cyber-world in an
uninterrupted aspect to the distributive environment and will centrally make changes and authorize the human interaction to the outside world.
This paper surveys on the major issues of concerns in IoT regarding security and privacy facing few enormous challenges. To accommodate
the most promising technology, we briefly review the existing techniques analyzing the features of security architecture helpful in controlling
the perquisites for it. Conventional measures of security countermeasures cannot be directly implied to the heterogeneous technology of IoT as
there are number of standards and stacks for communication presumed.

Keywords: Internet-of-Things Authentication, Actuators, Security, Sensors, Access control

Introduction
The terminology, IoT is related to objects, things and almost represented internet structures which are exclusively identifiable
were first presented in the year 1998. Recent years have shown, that the concept of IoT has become particularly famous via
distinctive applications. The four significant components pertained in a system enabling IoT are sensors, access for unrelated
information, services and requests and additional parts like privacy and security [1]. The physical objects are equipped with the
Radio-Frequency Identification(RFID) as tagged identification or as smart sensors identifiable bar-codes. Smart services can be
designed in the IoT devices as a combination of sensors [2].
The real-world organization of IoT technique is in the growth of multiple platforms serving as new programs and technologies
involving process, device identification, monitoring actuating, sensing, communicating, sensing the computations, processing the
semantic knowledge, distributing the coordinated control and user modelling. Many limitations in the IoT subsystems are energy,
lifetime, power, cost effectiveness. Security of IoT is of critical importance as the scope of spreading malicious attacks can be
widely spread world and would be actuated to the physical world from the service of the internet [3]. Technologies of “Wireless
Sensor Networks, RFID, machine-to-machine interface (M2M)” and services accomplished via a cloud computing assist as
necessary structural blocks for IoT to achieve the preferred application operation [4]. The infrastructure of IoT is very susceptible
to security issues and also addresses significant privacy problems for the user end interface. With this, the IoT owning progressive
dimensions in the area of information exchange is guarded from the security view of perception and suitable steps need to be
originated to confirm that its development is an active process having a full acceptance overall [5]. Automatic confirmation of the
object presence is improved by processing the image, storage capabilities and different display methods, availability of sensors and
the reducing hardware cost would be the groundwork for the new era possible by IoT. The interpretability of the perception
embedded collaboration that would seamlessly unite phenomena into everyday artifacts. It needs sensing in integrated perspective,
actuation, and standard networking objectives [6]. Smart connectivity is enabled in IoT with the growing presence of 4G-LTE
wireless internet access and Wi-Fi, the revolution in the network of communication and information is evident. The embedded
intelligence has to be implied beyond everyday scenarios of mobile computing that utilizes portables and smart devices from the
environment [7].
This paper discusses the survey on the security issues in the IoT realization. The article is categorized as: Section II
discusses the background of the IoT with the illustration of its origin and the numerous issues faced by it. The existing
methodologies giving a solution to the issues and proposed in the various fields are discussed in section III. The survey of IoT
appearing as an emerging technology is shown in section IV. Section V shows the statistical study of IoT security challenges.
Open research issue is discussed in Section VI. Finally, the conclusion is presented in Section VII respectively.
Role of Security and privacy framework in IoT
The name Internet of things was not publicly until the year 1999. At the end of the year 2013, it had evolved into a system
integrating various technologies, including the ones ranging from the Internet to communicate in the wireless field and from
MEMS to embedded systems. IoT can be discovered to increase the application providing capacity in multiple domains such as
control systems, global positioning system, wireless sensor networks and automation.

2351-9789 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference On Advances In Information, Computing And Trends In Data
Engineering (ICAICDE-2020).
 Wireless Personal
Zigbee HART Networks IPSEC

WSN IPV6
MEMS No. of Devices
No. of
Devices
6 IEEE
LOWPAN 802.15.4
Personal Low Cost
Networks Communication

IPSEC LR-WPAN
IoT

Figure 1 Background of Internet of Things

The wireless connectivity and novel techniques of digital identification like RFID got an impact of IoT on our daily lives. Due
to the improvements in wireless sensor networks, and little energy, limited resource device has initiated more types of equipment
that are internet connectable. To provide more addresses and unite multiple networks in the IoT environment IPv6 and IEEE

802.15.4 have been significant [8].

Figure 2 Architectural view of IoT

The above Figure 2 explains a common architectural view of IoT emerging as an application of RFID and wireless sensor
networks; it effectively fulfils the modern day demands of a smart city, home or transportation mechanism for improved
interoperability among devices.
Here the following concerns are led by conferring the number of security problems in IoT. As the focus on the study of real
time extensive data, IoT is verified as an evolving technology. The immense amount of data is transmitted to the DCNs; their
fundamental structures should be able to withstand the IoT data real-time processing necessities. Few open challenges and
problems are given as below:

 Network Scalability: The conventional data center has three-tier topology more often to accommodate the networks from
larger data centers. The architecture consists of three layers: access, core and aggregation layers. As the growth in the
complexity and size of the network increases, it leads to scalability challenges [9]. The scalability issues arise when
furthermore IoT data streams remain to flow into the warehouses. As it is one of the key essentiality to examine the IoT real
time data, it can be solved by the approach of modular data centers.
 Network Delay: In the present time analytics, the data flow between the switches and servers cause a delay in the system.
Also, the delay occurs when the data is in the process of being accessed from the database. The tiered architecture of the data
centers is the primary reason for a delay [10].
 Spectral Efficiency Limitation: The huge data creates another issue for competent delivery of data in case of real-time
analytics. To avoid this, available range of frequencies in the network is to be utilized. The wireless network should have the
potential of taking charge of the controlling deadlines in an analysis of real-time scenario and the data flows. Spectral
efficiency as a challenge will be effective if the network is not performing the required task.
 Fault Tolerance in the Network: The operation of an IoT system continues even when a failure occurs for few of its
components. Therefore, IoT data needs a system to detect and resist the along with reporting a solution for the same.
 Network Agility—applying the concept of agility in network analytics, IoT can be met with the demand for scattered sensors
shared over a large pool, giving real-time services. At the availability of spare abilities in the network, congestion and
computation hotspots have higher priorities. The communication among the different paths of the networks is constrained
[11].

IoT
Challenges

Fault
Network Network Spectral Network
Tolerance
Security Agility Limitation Delay
of Network

Figure 3 Open Challenges of IoT

Privacy and security challenges of IoT are as mentioned below: -

 Authentication: It is hard to initiate cryptographic functions due to the lack of memory and CPU operational power. In a fog
identifying device, the resource constrained devices will outsource computations and would execute the protocol.
 Privacy: The IoT constrained devices are not able to infer the encryption or decryption of the data leading to the leakage of
private user information in an environment containing usage, locality. The location privacy is another issue to be addressed for
inferring the place of IoT device.
 Detection of Rogue node: An IoT node detected to be malicious can claim to collect and exchange data developed by other
IoT devices for malicious activities. As difficulties are multiple in numbers for trust management, addressing the problems for
the same is a task.
 Intruder Detection: In the service of IoT devices, most of the current models have low efficiency in diagnosing the intruders.
Designing such a system that would adequately identify the intrusion taking place is complex. Finally, the IoT device requires
a system that can proficiently work on large scale.
 Data Protection: As the network is scalable, the data generated by the devices vary exponentially in volume. The depiction of
data should take place both at processing and communication level. The limited resources are authorised for the handling of
data on these devices.
 Trust: Effective mechanism has not been proposed to measure accuracy of a IoT service. To establish a secure environment,
there is a requirement for managing a trust between IoT devices to maintain reliability and security of the service.
 Access Control: This technique ensures that entities having authorization can gain access to a particular resource like a
collection of data or IoT device. Since massive number of things are involved in the challenges of IoT, access control becomes
a major challenge.
 Other Challenges: Other challenges include security and privacy, management of key, computational verification and
aggregation [12].

Privacy and
Security
Challenges

Authenticatio Data
n Protection

Privacy Trust

Detection of Access
Rogue Node Control

Intrusion Other
Detection Challenges

Figure 4 Privacy and Security Challenges in IoT

The principal issues of concern include: user authentication, insecure interface, insecure code practices, personal data privacy
concerns and limited encryption at the transport layer
The hardware interpretation is very less for IoT devices, making it vulnerable for spoofing as encryption algorithm is not
implemented [13].

III. Existing Research Methodologies

The advent of IoT has fortified the growth in the count of devices in our surrounding and guarantees the likelihood of dealing with
a lot of applications. The principal challenge in the IoT is the apprehension of the interoperability between the devices and their
deployments. Therefore, a new architecture “Distributed Internet-like Architecture for Things” (DIAT), is implemented that
leads to overcoming all the interruptions towards the progress of IoT expansion. Discussion on the property of heterogeneity in
IOT is addressed and allows seamless new device addition across various applications. A usage control function method to favour
security and privacy in the surrounding would be an advantage in the design. Dealing with the characteristics of IoT, a level of
abstraction for each characteristic is described.
The architecture is glued for IoT applications, wherein more number of services from each service provider has to be united
with human involvement being minimum. The different services are generated before execution as illustrated in the block diagram.
IoT Security Management
Daemon

Service
VO Layer CVO Layer Application
Layer
Physical and
Sub-
Communication Translati
Coordination tasking
layer on
Service
Discovery Analyzer
Optimization Service
Generation

Figure 5 DIAT Architecture

The three layers in the architecture are virtual object layer, the composite virtual object layer, and service layer (VOL),
(CVOL), (SL). These layers execute the task of creation and management of services, object virtualization and execution and
service composition. Every layer in the architecture has the inbuilt set of cognitive functions to provide automation intelligence in
IoT. Grouping of all the three layers with their key features contributing to the structure are stacked and called as IoT Daemon.

The DIAT is compared with existing efforts which are proved to explore the potentiality of the challenges technically and key
features of IoT [14].

Sensors to LPU Communication

Sensors such as
Temperature,
Intelligent
Server

Accelerometer ,
BSN

Handheld Acess Point

BP, Respiratory
Device (LPU)
Rate, Heart Beat
, GPS etc.

Figure 6 Presented Health Care System

In the above model of IoT for a health care system, three necessary components used are Body Sensor Networks server
(BSN), Local Processing Unit (LPU) and the smart objects that are wearable (bio-sensors). The data to be employed is taken by
the user adopting the edge device for it. The data which is collected is transmitted to the LPU and later on to the BSN server for
the purpose of analyzing the data with a provision for user-oriented service. The system identifies and satisfies the needs of the
user independently and have a higher efficiency. The body bio-sensors and LPU helps to execute the registrations for the BSN
server in prior. Once the registration is attained, the credentials such as security have to be shared and accumulated in the
bio-sensors, BSN server, and the LPU. To meet the goal of entity authentication, a path for secure communication and data
integrity are assured through the feature of system's interface. Furthermore, to estimate the feasibility a platform of Raspberry Pi
model is built in the implementation. To improvise the system throughput, the replacement of the crypto-hash modules by the
conventional SHA-2 method is accomplished [15].
Figure 6 shows the four modules of Easy Connect, the creation, configuration and management module which steadily
divides the characteristics of the IoT devices, balances the functions for automatically configuring the connectivity of the ODFs
and IDFs, preserves all the essential information in the Database module, i.e., SQL database. The module of Execution and
communication is subdivided into two modules called communication sub module dealing the interactions of the lower layer M2M
device. IoT objects are having a connection with Open MTC physically and clearly shares resources with one another and through
EC in network applications. The sub module Execution is responsible for the requests in the network connected in ODFs and IDFs.
The graphical user interface gives comprehensible interface for the faster organization of the communications and connections in
the devices of IoT. The operation of the preferred task is attained by the graphical user interface that takes the data to be processed
from the user to apply the HTTP based REST APIs to start up device functions. Employing the signals from the UNIX operating
system, the CCM instructs to execute interaction among ODFs and linked IDFs in the IoT devices having the option of preset. The
characteristics of the adopted methodology are used to generate the device feature modules which are created with fewer
difficulties coding the design in the scripting language python. Since in this language the execution is permitted without any
compilation the ease of implementation is added to system design [16].

Mobile Device
IoT Device DA
IDA
DAI DAG

HTTP (WiFI/3G/ LTE)

GUI HTTP CCM

db query Unix Signal NSCL GSCL

Exec
Database Open MTC
Comm
db query
EasyConnect
Figure 7 Easy Connect System

IV. LITERATURE SURVEY

The study of (Shi, 2017 [17]) emphasizes encryption as a cryptographic technique for the simultaneous performance of
signcryption and signatures digitally. Smart device does not forget or leak the confidentiality of the communication channel in
the system of IoT mostly when the produced ciphertexts are transformed into a compact form. Implementation of signcryption is
often threatened by the device attacks captured due to the unattended signals from them ensuring that the intruder acquires the
cryptographic key from the instrument which is captured. With an obfuscator being accommodated in the signcryption algorithm,
is designed by considering the cost of communication and computational speed that should be less to be custom fit in
resource-limited embedded tools. The obfuscator can provide the shield for the signcryption programs retrieving the data from
key-extraction attacks by transferring them into obfuscator programs. The feature of enabling security makes the system more
beneficial for utilization. IoT has broad applications where information need to be forwarded to the sink point from the leaf
nodes remain unattended.
The aim of Sajid et al. [18]), is to reduce the operational cost of the industrial systems. Solutions were providing higher end
constancy acceptance in the fault and flexibility are required to be designed for the support. The Cyber Physical System (CPS) is
the solution for the industrial systems mainly involving IoT along with the services of cloud computing. They are considered to
be the smart industrial system, with them being readily applicable in the field of eHealth care systems, smart grids, medical,
transportation, etc. They run on “Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)” systems to take charge over and
supervise the Critical Infrastructure (CI). Conventional SCADA devices lack appropriate measure in security issues. Uniting the
new architectures, the conceptualization of Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSN), cloud computing and IoT face more
security challenges.
The study of (Arshad, 2017[19]) presents a methodology of Green IoT thought that intends on reducing the energy
consumption of devices using IoT and keeping the environment safe. Software based green IoT, hardware-based green IoT,
recycling, policy-based, awareness based and the habitat reformation towards green Iot are the diverse taxonomies that work in
favor of the implying the Green Iot in the devices. The influence of IoT is dominantly applied and assumed to give an
opportunity a revolution in the whole of ICT industry. Green IoT is a function of the policy established, generic architecture and
recyclable material.
Study of (Yasin et al. 2017 [20]) revolutionizes the health care sector via non-invasive, continuous and distant monitoring of the
patients. The medical devices working on the principle of IoT have faced the challenge of security and privacy with energy
throughput. Solutions like reduced power processors of ECG and secure network protocols are the issues elaborated. The
proposed system consists of ventricular arrhythmia detection through ECG signals in a protected sensing IoT platform having
ultra-low-power. The technique is implemented utilizing an application specific integrated circuit as a function of low-energy
improvised technology; the power consumption is noted to be 62.2% lesser than that consumed in the addressed approach of state
of the art, having 16% smaller area size. ECG signals are used for satisfying the requirement of the input to haul out the
chip-specific ECG key that allows the protection of the communication path. Protection at the level of the hardware is attained by
collaborating the ECG core with the solution of the existing trust design.
The study of (Conti et al. 2017[21]) deals with the concept of the near-sensor data analytics in the direction of IoT endpoints,
as it reduces the energy spent on the network and the communication path, also possess security due to the valuable data being
stored in the various stages of the analytics pipeline network. Incorporating the encryption method, the sensitive data is
protected. Three cases are measured for security analysis namely, electroencephalogram at 12.7pJ/op for seizure detection of
encrypted data collected, face detection along remote recognition based on local Convolutional Neural Network(CNN), from the
state-of-the-art-device having 3.16pJ.
 The mobility features and technologies in the communication domain with the constraint of the malware propagation,
exploiting new challenges in the cyber security of IoT empowered malware is discussed in the study of (Cheng et al. 2017 [22]).
The complexity arises in the process of patching the end devices under IoT when compared to those in the where nodes have the
capability of directly getting repaired. Results are found to be practical & feasible while blocking the malware through patch
process. In particular patch, nodes can in the midway of the function avoid the malware propagation proliferation by enabling
security links infrastructure and reducing the malware propagation in the propagation of the device-to-device communication. A
scheme to select the useful midway nodes to patch, which implies to the IoT system with restricted patching resources and time
of response is inadequate. As a result, it was confirmed that the advantage of alleviated malware propagation is obtained with the
scheme of presented traffic-aware patching.
The study of (Koteshwara and Das, 2017 [23]) shows that all the connected device poses a composite challenge for the
cryptographic designers by improvised robustness, flexibility, area, and resources. Few authentication schemes named as
Authenticated Encryption (AE) giving the option of robustness, applicability, and security with the estimation of the lightweight
applications are used integrating sensor networks, IoT, implantable wearable and medical devices, IPSec and RFID. Properties
such as resistance in noise misuse, the measure of security, parallelizability and few different applications were discovered.
The study of (Kubler et al. 2017 [24]) introduces the concept of smart cities as a part of a composite ecosystem that consists
of several stakeholders such as network operators, logistic centers, service providers who unite to give the most suitable services
and be in a position to unlock the IoT potential. This intending to be one of the prime problems in the smart city movement
emerges with API Economy. The perpendicular silos are fed in the market to the objects as they are thought to handle IoT, giving
a chance to the developers for adding new value across diverse platforms and various domains.
Study of (Kwon et al. 2016[25]), a methodology for the system health industrial application management based on IoT is
initiated. This discipline uses sensors is Prognostics and System Health Management (PHM) to allow the access of health care
systems in diagnosing the anomalous behavior and proceeds for the prediction of the remaining useful performance as life asset.
The ratification of the IoT based PHM needs human capital in abundance, maintenance requirements for the prognostics and
communities of engineering, statistics, and machine learning ability to establish. Anomalous pattern recognition for information
to detect the node failure make a connection on the underlying physics of failure is as expected. Big data faces the problem of
finding relevant information called spurious correlation. PHM generated based on IoT is supposed to have the notable influence
on the execution of the reliable assessment, predicting nature, mitigation for risk and developing new business opportunities.
The study of (Hennerbert and Santos, 2014 [26]) shows the application of IoT on the internet to send the data, private
information over the web. It is necessary to have a security protocol for the transferred data and the unique identities that might
be disclosed for them to be made the function with the population of the citizens. Mechanism of security employed on the
internet is large to be integrated on the little-restricted devices. The study involves in the protocols presently required and the
solution in the security deployed for the limited resources. The advantages of the easy would be security extension in Time
Synchronization Channel Hopping (TSCH), compressed version IPsec and embedded level design in several levels of the OSI
model to be implied in the 6LoWPAN attack from DTLS. Datagram TLS offers tools to secure the application layer. Security
schemes are presented in the real time system and the challenges to be dealt in the future such as reducing the size of the packet
and bandwidth optimization.
The author in [27] proposes lightweight and highly responsive encryption technique to offer minimal resource consumption
from the resource-constraint sensor nodes. Paper introduces a novel bootstrapping key mechanism with unique generation of
secret key to maintain both forward and backward secrecy. The study outcome shows that proposed system is highly practical to
offer reduced resource consumption and faster algorithm processing time in presence of dynamic scenario of IoT.

Issues majorly
Increased
governing IoT security
2% 2% threats
6% Data privacy
7%
Identity and
37% access
9%
management
9% Attacks against
connected
28% devices
Compilance
requirement

Figure 8 Issues Governing IoT

Therefore, from the existing models been presented in the above surveys and pictorial representation shown in figure 8, the
maximum percentage of affecting factor for IoT is found to be increasing threats in the security that deals the authentication and
authorization aspects, data privacy i.e., the capability of the system to safely encrypt the data at the transmitter side and retrieve
the original information at the receiver section whereas the rest of the factors show a less percentage effect on the IoT
mechanism.

V. STATISTIC STUDY OF PRIVACY AND SECURITY CONSTRAINTS IN IOT

The statistics of the security issues of IoT tuned in IEEE Explore is shown in figure 9 and obtained data is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Shows Statistics of study from IEEE (cited on 03-10-2017 12 pm)

Privacy issue Security problem of

Type
of IoT IoT

Conference
593 371
Publications
Journals &
127 80
Magazines
Early Access
24 22
Articles
Books and
11 0
e-Books

Privacy and Security

Challenge Statistics of
Number of Publications

IoT from IEEE

Privacy issue of IoT Security problem of IoT
593371 127 80 24 22 11 0
1,000
0

Document Type

Figure 9 Plot depicting Statistics in IEEE

The statistics of the security issues of IoT tuned in Springer is depicted in figure 10 and obtained data is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Shows Statistics of study from Springer (cited on 03-10-2017 12 pm)

Privacy Security
Type concern in concern in
IoT IoT
Books 2,284 10,237
Journals 43 117
Series 8 114

Privacy and Security

Concern Statistics in IoT
Number of Publications

Privacy concern in IoT

from Springer

10,237
2,284 43 117 8 114
20,000
0
Books Journals Series

Document Type
 Figure 10 Plot depicting Statistics in Springer

The statistics of the coverage, connectivity, and wireless sensor networks are tuned in Elsevier as in figure 11 and
obtained data is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Shows Statistics of study from Elsevier (cited on 03-10-2017 12 pm)

Privacy interest Security interest of

Type
of IoT IoT

Book 47 84
Journals 504 398
Web
623 1,250
pages

Privacy and Security

Interest Statistics in IoT
Number of Publications

from Elsevier
Privacy interest of IoT Security interest of IoT

2000 47 84 504 398 623 1,250

0
Book Journals Web pages

Document Type

Figure 11 Plot depicting Statistics in Elsevier

VI. OPEN REASEARCH ISSUES

 Entity recognition: The major issue to identify an entity is to guarantee the employment of record used integrity in the
naming of architecture. Even after the domain name system gives the opportunity of the name translating services to the
users of internet, it happens to be proved as a naming method which is insecure. It is very likely to be exposed to attacks
such as poisoning attack of domain name system cache, middle-man attack. Thus an entirely new service for naming is
highly desirable.
 Android Security limitations: The connection of a heterogeneous device with the android system forms a personal area
network, henceforth pulling the security issues of android system into the IoT. The main matter that arises here is the
leakage of sensitive data. The current mechanism provides the protection only for management in course-grain, i.e.,
choice of all-or-nothing, to limit the number of devices being connected and the runtime control disability. More
amount ensured access must be given in case of complicated environments and applications for real-time scenarios.
 Malicious Programs affecting IoT network: Due to targeted malware in the network of IoT, the limited resource of the
associated devices are affected to greater extent. Traditional mechanism working against the task of the malware are
infeasible which are witched from the common x86 to platform of IoT. Presently all the solutions are inapplicable as
they operate as ad-hoc.
 Security Protocols and Light weighted cryptographic systems: Multiple security features are acquired from the
cryptosystem dealing with the public-key when compared to that of symmetric-key. They are more desirable if the
requirement of authenticity and data integrity is created. The effective measure that could reduce the computational
overhead and the model of complex security protocol remains to be a major issue in the aspect of IoT security.
 Privacy: The two main subdivisions in which the IoT issue of privacy can be categorised are anonymization and
collection data streams. During the phase of data collection, the data collection policy restricts the amount and type of
data to be gathered. The desire of cryptography system protection and relational concealment of the data is generated to
fulfil the necessity of the data anonymization issue. Homomorphic encryption style may be used for the research work
trying to find appropriate solution towards the above problem of privacy.
 Software System Susceptibility: Present security research domain has one section of its focus on software system
susceptibility. In the stage of development of a software piece, the programming bugs produced cannot be avoided. The
bugs resulting in security incidents are software vulnerabilities. A number of backdoor problems are faced by the system
due to the system vulnerabilities. A vulnerable device can be easily manipulated by deploying it with it backdoor. IoT
devices which have limited resources, the fair amount of antivirus is not supported in the network.
VII. CONCLUSION
The entire world can be considered as an enormous network of devices having the ability to communicate with each other.
The IoT refers to the persistent environment of computing wherein sensors and actuators are made to work with the Internet. In
the implementation, security challenges of the methods and collaborated techniques play a major role. The paper, discusses the
background, challenges concerning open, privacy, security aspects. Further, the existing techniques for the employment of IoT in
various disciplines are highlighted. The paper conclusion emphasizes on the different works implemented in the IoT and
associated domains and the open research issues on which the further proposed work can be implemented.
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