‫)‪2010 (17‬‬ ‫מא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫‪−‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫]‪[ 412 −401‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ )ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ( ﻟﺩﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺃﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯ‬
‫***‬ ‫**‬ ‫*‬
‫ﻋﺯﻩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﺸﻜﻭ ﺤﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼـﻴﺔ ﺤﺭﻜـﺔ ﺍﻹﻨـﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘـﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺒﺩﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺫ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺒﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴـﺩ ﻴﺘﻁﻠـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻲ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴـﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴـﺔ )ﺍﻟـﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ (ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺃﺤﺩﺍﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﺭﺯﺕ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺤﻠﻴـل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ )ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Some Physical Measurements and its role in Vital Capacity "Applied‬‬

‫‪Study" for clubs players in Northern of Handball Selected Tip top‬‬
‫‪Abstract‬‬
‫‪Many sports activities which depend on sport movement and its‬‬
‫‪relation with features ,that may determined through various ways ,for studying‬‬
‫‪speciality of human movement and the physical appearance. And from these‬‬
‫‪phenomena , physical appearance and vital capacity that affect on athletic‬‬
‫‪achivement.Physical measurement considered as one of the important factors in‬‬
‫‪practicing any physical activity which demands physical features that differs‬‬
‫‪from the other activity ,and the grogress with handball activity demands‬‬
‫‪characterizing with some abilities and specification such as physical‬‬
‫‪measurements and functional variables (Vital Capacity) which effect on each‬‬
‫*‬
‫ﻤﺩﺭﺱ‪ /‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬
‫**‬
‫ﻤﺩﺭﺱ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‪ /‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬
‫***‬
‫ﻤﺩﺭﺱ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‪ /‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻢ ‪ 2009/7/1:‬ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ‪2009/ 12/ 6 :‬‬
 ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪...‬‬ ‫]‪[402‬‬

‫‪other. And ,them its influence upon sport performance level ,from this point‬‬
‫‪importance is rised on the study of some physical measurement and its effect‬‬
‫‪on Vital Capacity through analysing its trajectories that is to say the direct and‬‬
‫‪indirect effect for these measurements on Vital Capacity by using the rule of‬‬
‫‪incline (trajectory analysis ) and it is an applied study . The purpose from it is‬‬
‫‪to know which measurements is more effective on vital capacity.‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1-1‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺤﺭﻜـﺔ ﺍﻹﻨـﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺒـﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﺫ ﻴﺘﻁﻠـﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺒﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴـﺩ ﻴﺘﻁﻠـﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠـﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴـﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴـﺔ )ﺍﻟـﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ (ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺃﺤﺩﺍﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺯﺕ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺨـﻼل ﺘﺤﻠﻴـل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ )ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2-1‬ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﻟﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟـﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻭﺓ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3-1‬ﻫﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟـﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺃﻨﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 4-1‬ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1-4-1‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻱ‪:‬ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺃﻨﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2-4-1‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪ 2009/6/10‬ﻭﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ ‪2010/1/7‬‬
‫]‪[403‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪−‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪ 3-4-1‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻼﻋﺏ ﺃﻨﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻻﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1-2‬ﺍﻻﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1-1-2‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪ :‬ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺨﻔـﺎﺽ ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 2-1-2‬ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‪:‬ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺃﻱ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌـﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﺨﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪،‬ﺍﺫ ﻴﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺒـﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﻭل ﺴﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﻍ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜـﻡ ﻴﻠـﻲ ﺫﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﻨﻘﺹ)ﺒﻁﺀ( ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ‪ ،‬ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻨﺤﻭ ‪ 16.5‬ﺴﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﻨﺎﺙ ﻭﻋﻤﺭ ‪ 18‬ﺴﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺫﻜﻭﺭ)ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪.(543 ،2003 ،‬‬

‫‪ 3 -1 -2‬ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ‪ :‬ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻭﺯﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺸـﻲﺀ ﻫـﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟـﻭﺯﻥ ﺘﺒﻌـﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻁﻴﺴﻲ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻭﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺭﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻠـﻭ ﻏـﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫) ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪.(63 ،2003 ،‬‬

‫‪ 4-1-2‬ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺄ ﹼﻨﻬﺎ "ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﻕ ﻓﻀﻼﹰﻋﻥ ﻫﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺯﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻓﻴﺭ "ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺤﺠﻡ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺨﺭﺠﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺸﻬﻴﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻨﺤﻭ )‪ (4600‬ﻤﻠﻴﻠﺘﺭ ﻭﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﺤﻭ )‪ (40- 30‬ﻤﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺒﺫﺍ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬
‫)‪ (7-6‬ﻟﺘﺭ)ﻋﻼﻭﻱ‪،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ (281 ،2000 ،‬ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﻜﻠﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺩﻟﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒـﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ )ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،(118 ،1997،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﺎﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺠﻬﺩ ﺒﺩﻨﻲ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﻁﺔ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ )ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﺭﻭﻤﺘﻴﺭ( ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻋﺏ ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﻜﻐﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺒﻴﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﺴـﻌﺔ ﺤﻴﻭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
 ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪...‬‬ ‫]‪[404‬‬

‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺠﻬﺩ ﺒﺩﻨﻲ ﺩﻟﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺼﻭل ﺘﻜﻴﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﺄﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﻬﺎﺭﻱ ﺠﻴﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 4-1-2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺜﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺜﻲ)‪ ( Path analysis‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺜﻲ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻠﻴـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺴﺒﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻭﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺱ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻥ ﻻﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﻫﻨﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ› ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻭ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ‹ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺒﻲ ‪،‬ﻻﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺜﻲ ﺍﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺒﺭﻫﻨﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ › ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻭ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ‹ ﻟﻜﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﻴﻤﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻴﻔﻜﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺴﺒﺒﻲ )ﺸﺭﺒﺠﻲ‪،(146 ،1981 ،‬ﺍﺫ ﻴﻘﻭل) ‪" ( Balock, 1961‬ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺒﻲ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺒﺭﻫﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘـﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟـﺴﺒﺒﻴﺔ ﺒـﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺫ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺇﻥ ﻴﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺴﺒﺒﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻬـﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺎﺕ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴـﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ" ) ‪، ( Balock, 1961, 6‬ﻟﻘﺩ ﻻﻗﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺜﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻏﻴﺭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺩﻋﻤﺎ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻤﺜﺎل ‪Wright ,Simon, Blalock,‬‬
‫‪. Kerlinger‬‬
‫‪ 5-1-2‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺜﻲ ‪Pji:‬‬
‫ﻴﺩل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ ‪،‬ﺍﺫ ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺘـﺸﻴﺭﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ )‪ (j‬ﻭﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘل)‪،(i‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺜﻲ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺘـﻪ ﻤﻌﺎﻤـل‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ )‪) ،(beta weight ,Bjs‬ﺸﺭﺒﺠﻲ‪،(147 ،1981 ،‬ﻭﻴﺭﻯ‬
‫)‪ " (Moser and Kaltion ,1972‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤـل ﺍﻻﻨﺤـﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌـﻲ ﺒﺎﺴـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺜﻲ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻐﻴـﺭﻴﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺜﺎﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺜﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺘﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤـﺴﺎﻟﻙ )‪ (paths‬ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺒﻲ )‪.(Moser and Kaltion ,1972,460‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1-3‬ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ‪ :‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﻟﻤﻼﺀﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2-3‬ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻋﻴﻨﺘﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺃﻨﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﺍﻟـﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘـﺎﺯ ﻭﻫـﻲ‬
‫)ﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺴﻴﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﻴـﺸﻤﺭﮔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀــﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻨــﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺭﺒﻴــل ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀــﻲ ( ﻭﺍﻟﺒــﺎﻟﻎ ﻋــﺩﺩﻫﻡ )‪ (73‬ﻻﻋﺒــﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺴــﻡ‬
‫]‪[405‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪−‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ) ‪ (2010/2009‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺸﺘﻤﻠﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (30‬ﻻﻋﺒـﺎ ﺍﺨﺘﻴـﺭﻭﺍ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ )‪ (6‬ﻻﻋﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻜل ﻨﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺩﺍﺌﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﻭﻜـﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻁﻭﺍﻟﻬﻡ ﻭﺃﻭﺯﺍﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻡ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﻡ ﻷﻨﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘـﺎﺯ ﺍﺫ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺘﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3-3‬ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻹﺴﻨﺎﺩ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺜﻲ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 4-3‬ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺘﺎﻤﻴﺘﺭ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ ﻁﺒﻲ ﻴﻘﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻷﻗﺭﺏ ‪ 100‬ﻏﻡ‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﺭﻭﻤﻴﺘﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ 5 -3‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ )ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ( ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 1 -5-3‬ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ‪ :‬ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ ﻁﺒﻲ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻭﻴﺅﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻋـﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ ﻭﺘﺴﺠل ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ)ﺴﻴﺩ ‪.(259 ،2003،‬‬
‫‪ 2-5-3‬ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ‪:‬ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﺔ )ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺘﺎﻤﻴﺘﺭ( ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻬـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺴﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻴﻘﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻌﺘﺩل ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻅﻬﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻬـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻴﺎ ﻟﺨﻁ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺱ ﻤﻌﺘﺩﻻ ﻴﺤﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺴـﻔل‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻼﻤﺱ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻟﻠﺭﺃﺱ ﻭﺘﺴﺠل ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ )ﺴﻴﺩ‪. (256 ،2003 ،‬‬
‫‪ 3 -5 -3‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪ :‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻩ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺸﻬﺭ‪،‬ﺍﺫ ﻴـﺅﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺒﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻨﻭﻋﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﺍﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟـﺴﻌﺔ ﻜﺒﻴـﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻋﻤﺭ )‪ (30 -18‬ﺴﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 4-5-3‬ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
 ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪...‬‬ ‫]‪[406‬‬

‫ﺘﻘﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻲ )ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ(• ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﺭﻭﻤﻴﺘﺭ )ﻤﺤﻤﺩﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،(79 ،1996 ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻼﻋـﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ) ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺠﻨﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺸﺭﺡ ﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻴﻤﺴﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺒـﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻁﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻭﻴﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻤﻪ ﻭﻴﺤﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺸﻔﺘﻴﻪ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻓـﻲ ﺃﺜﻨـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻤﻊ ﻏﻠﻕ ﻓﺘﺤﺘﻲ ﺍﻷﻨﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻴﺩ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻗﺴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬـﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺭﻫـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺄﺨﺫ ﺸﻬﻴﻕ ﻭﺯﻓﻴﺭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﻴﻥ‪،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺸـﻬﻴﻕ ﻗـﺼﺭﻱ ﻗـﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺯﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﻼل ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﻴﻌﻁـﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻭﻁ ﻤﻊ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺭﺴﻭﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔﺍ‬

‫‪ -4‬ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪1-4‬ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﻜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﻷﻨﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ X1‬ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ‪ X2 ،‬ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ‪ X3،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ )‪ (y‬ﺍﻟـﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟـ)‪ (30‬ﻻﻋﺒﺎ ‪،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل)‪ (1‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ‪X1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‪X2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪X3‬‬ ‫‪Y‬ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ‪X1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0.36‬‬ ‫‪0.54‬‬ ‫‪0.63‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‪X2‬‬ ‫‪0.36‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬ ‫‪0.96‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪X3‬‬ ‫‪0.54‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0.70‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‪Y‬‬ ‫‪0.63‬‬ ‫‪0.96‬‬ ‫‪0.90‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪r 10 = 0.63‬‬ ‫‪r12 = 0.36 r23 = 0.76‬‬

‫‪r20 = 0.96‬‬ ‫‪r13 = 0.54‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﻭ ﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺭ )‪(treadmill‬ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻐﺭﻗﻪ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻟﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻟﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻗﻑ‪ ،‬ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 12.8‬ﻜﻡ ‪/‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ‪.( Adams,2002, 130-133)%20‬‬
‫]‪[407‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪−‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪r30 = 0.90‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ X3 X2 X1‬ﻭ‪ Y‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻭﻥ ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺴـﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪RP =r‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻜﻭﺱ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﺘل ﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬

 ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪...‬‬ ‫]‪[408‬‬

‫‪0.251‬‬ ‫‪Pˆ01‬‬

‫= ‪P =R-1 r‬‬ ‫‪0.684‬‬ ‫‪Pˆ02‬‬

‫‪0.245‬‬ ‫‪Pˆ03‬‬

‫‪R20(123) = P01r10 + P02r20 + P03r30‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻥ‪ µ‬ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ) )‪(R20(123‬‬

‫‪R20(123) = P01r10 +P02r20 +P03r30‬‬
‫)‪= (0.25)(0.36) + (0.684)(0.96) + (0.244)(0.90‬‬
‫‪= 0.040 +0.656 +0.214‬‬
‫‪R20(123) = 0.965‬‬

‫=‪M‬‬ ‫‪= 0.035‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫]‪[409‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪−‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪ 2-4‬ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ)‪ (X1‬ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ‪ P01 = 0.251‬ﻭﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸـﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﺨـﻼل )‪(X2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫)‪R12(P02) = (0.36)(0.684) = (0.244‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل )‪ (X3‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫‪R13(P03) = (o.54)(o.24) =(0.129).‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻭﺯﻥ)‪(X1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ= ‪0.251‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل)‪0.244 = (X2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ= )‪(0.624‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل)‪0.129= (X3‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻨﻔـﺴﻬﺎ ﺒـﻴﻥ ‪ X1‬ﻭ‪.Y‬ﻨﻼﺤـﻅ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﻟـ)‪(X1‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻟـ)‪ (X2‬ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻟـ)‪ (X1‬ﻫﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل )‪ (X3‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻗﻠﻴل ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ )‪ (X2‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ ﺘﺠﺯﺌـﺔ ﺒﻘﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ X2‬ﻭ ‪ Y‬ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ‪ X3‬ﻭ‪Y‬‬
 ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪...‬‬ ‫]‪[410‬‬

‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل)‪ (X2‬ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ‪ P102 = 0.68‬ﻭﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل )‪ (X2‬ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‬
‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫)‪R12(P01) = (0.36)(0.25) = (0.09‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ) ‪ ( X3‬ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫‪r23 P03 = (0.244)(0.76) = 0.185‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻁﻭل ‪X2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ = ‪0.68‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ‪0.185 = X3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ‪0.09 = X1‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻭ ) ‪ ( 0.955‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪X2‬‬
‫ﻭ‪. Y‬‬

‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ)‪ (X3‬ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ‪ P03 = 0.68‬ﻭﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل )‪ (X1‬ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫)‪r13(P01) = (0.54)(0.25) = (0.135‬‬

‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ‪ X2‬ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫)‪R23(P01) = (0.78)(0.68) = (0.516‬‬

‫‪ r03 = 0.891‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﺩﻨﺎﻩ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺎﺴﺒﻕ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺭ ‪X3‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (2‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ‪ X1,X2,X3,‬ﻭ‪y‬‬

‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ‪ X1‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ‪ y‬ﻟﺩﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬
‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫ﺃ – ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ = ‪P01‬‬

‫‪0.244‬‬ ‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ‪r12P02 = X2‬‬

‫‪0.129‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‪r13P03 = X3‬‬
‫‪0.628‬‬ ‫‪r10‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ‪ X2‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ‪ y‬ﻟﺩﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬
‫]‪[411‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪−‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪0.68‬‬ ‫ﺃ – ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ = ‪P02‬‬

‫‪0.09‬‬
‫‪0.185‬‬ ‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ‪r12P01 = X1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‪r23P03 = X3‬‬
‫‪0.955‬‬ ‫‪r20‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ‪ X3‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ‪ y‬ﻟﺩﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬
‫‪0.24‬‬ ‫ﺃ – ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ = ‪P03‬‬
‫‪0.135‬‬
‫‪0.516‬‬ ‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ‪r13P01 = X1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‪r23P02 = X2‬‬
‫‪0.891‬‬ ‫‪r30‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻟـ ‪ X2‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻟـ‪ X1‬ﻭ‪. X3‬‬
‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻟـ‪ X3‬ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨـﻼل ‪ X1‬ﺍﻤـﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨـﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟـ‪ X2‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻅﻬﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﻫـﻲ ‪0.25‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺒﺎﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﻫﻲ ‪ 0.684‬ﻭ‪ 0.244‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗـﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻭﻅﻬﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻫـﻭ ‪ 0.76‬ﻭﻫـﻭ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪0.36‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪ 0.54‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‪:‬‬
 ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪...‬‬ ‫]‪[412‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺴﻴﺩ‪ ,‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ )‪ (2003‬ﻓﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪,‬ﻁ‪,1‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺸﺭﺒﺠﻲ ‪،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ )‪ (1981‬ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ‪،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼ )‪ (2003‬ﻓﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ ،1‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜـﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻋﻼﻭﻱ ‪،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻭﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼ)‪ (2000‬ﻓﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀـﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺒـﻭ ﺍﻟﻌـﻼ )‪ ،(1997‬ﺍﻟﺘـﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀـﻲ ﺍﻷﺴـﺱ ﺍﻟﻔـﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺤﻤﻴﺩ )‪ ،(1996‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻬـﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔـﺴﻲ ﻟـﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺴﺒﺎﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀـﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪7. Adams, Gene M. (2002) exercise physiology, published by the Mc‬‬

‫‪graw ,hillcompanies ,Inc.‬‬

‫‪8. Huber M Balock ,Jr.(1961) Causal Infernces in non experimental‬‬

‫‪Research (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press,‬‬
‫‪U.S.A.‬‬
‫‪9. C.A.Moser, and G.j.kaltion, (1972).,Survey methods in Social‬‬
‫‪Investigation,2ndAm.ed(Newyork:DasicBook.‬‬