2nd Semester | AY 2023-2024

Gears and
Gear Trains
Part 1
Machine Elements 2 | Engr. Genesis Olarve
Introduction
Honda | X App
https://twitter.com/Honda/status/389
805357918617600

Don't just aim to be

good. Shift gears and
push towards greatness.
#BestYourself
 Scope of the Lecture
In understanding and widening our knowledge about Gears and Gear Train,
we aim to discuss scopes of the aforementioned topic

History
When and where dose the gears originated?

Parts and Classification of Gears

What are the parts of the gears and also its classification /
types?

Formulas
What are the formulas used in computing the numbers of the
teeth of a driven gear and the driver gear?
 Short Historical Timeline

2700 BCE 400 BCE 1600 AD 1800s to present

Mathematical Machines emerged

concepts like allowing gears to be
velocity ratios and mass producedand
involute curve were refined and used in
used allowing the advanced engineering
gears to do more theories and advanced
complex works technologies
Chinese South Pointing Aristole
Chariot https://www.britannica.c
https://i0.wp.com/makezine.com/wp- om/biography/Aristotle
content/uploads/2013/02/10319906.jpg?w=1920&ssl=1
 WHAT ARE GEARS?

Gears are common component used in many machines. In

general, the function of a gear is totransmit motion from one
rotating shaft to another.

The output of mechanical power sources, such as electric

motors and engines, rotates at much greater speeds than the
application requires.
NOMENCLATURE OF A GEAR
 GEAR TERMINOLOGIES
Addendum: The height of the tooth above the pitch circle.

Backlash: The clearance between two mating teeth of separate gears.

Base circle: A theoretical circle used to generate the involute curve when
creating tooth profiles.

Center distance: The distance between the center shafts of two gears.

Chordal addendum: The distance between a chord, passing through the

points where the pitch circle crosses the tooth profile and the tooth top.
 GEAR TERMINOLOGIES
Chordal thickness: Tooth thickness measured along a chord passing
through the points where the pitch circle crosses the tooth profile.

Circular pitch: Measurement of the pitch circle arc length from one point
on a tooth to the same point on the adjacent tooth.

Circular thickness: The thickness of the tooth at the pitch circle.

Clearance: The space between one gears minor diameter and the
mating gears major diameter.

Dedendum: Depth of the tooth between the pitch circle and the minor
diameter.
 GEAR TERMINOLOGIES
Diametral pitch: The number of teeth per inch of pitch diameter.

Fillet: The small radius that connects the tooth profile to the root circle.

Module: Teeth per millimeter of pitch diameter.

Outside diameter: The major diameter of the gear.

Pinion: The smaller-sized gear in any meshed pair.

Pitch circle: The circle, the radius of which is equal to the distance from
the center of the gear to the pitch point. This is where the gear’s speed is
measured.
 GEAR TERMINOLOGIES
Pitch diameter: Diameter of the pitch circle.

Pitch point: The point of tangency of the pitch circles of a pair of mating
gears.

Pressure angle: The angle between the line of action and a line
perpendicular to the line of centers.

o Root (or dedendum) circle: The minor diameter of the tooth.

 GEAR TERMINOLOGIES
Velocity ratio: Ratio of input gear revolutions to output gear revolutions
within a specified amount of time.

Whole depth: The height of the tooth from major diameter to minor
diameter of a gear

Working Depth: The depth to which a tooth extends into the space
between teeth on the mating gear.
 GEARS CLASSIFICATION
Gears are classified according to the relative position of the axes of
rotation

1. Parallel,

2. Intersecting,

3. Neither parallel nor intersecting

 Gears for connecting
parallel shafts

Parallel Herringbone Rack and

helical gears Pinion
Gears

Spur Gears
Gears for connecting
intersecting shafts

Straight Spiral bevel

bevel gears gears
 Neither parallel nor
intersecting shafts

Crossed Hypoid Worm Drives

helical gear gears
Seatwork
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of
having different tooth geometric profiles of
the following:
a. spur gear;
b. helical gear;
c. crossed helical gears;
d. hypoid gear;
e. straight bevel gear;
f. helical bevel gear;
g. worm and worm gears;

Assignment
Write a technical report about emerging new
technologies in gear manufacturing.
Thank you!
Machine Elements 2 | Engr. Olarve
2nd Sem | AY ‘23-’24
ME Department