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GAS CHROMATOGRAPH
OPERATION MANUAL
P/N: MA2182
Revision 8b (for use with Rev 1B Motherboards)
October 11, 2005
Revision 8b i 11/10/2005
Galvanic Applied Sciences, Inc.
ii
Table of Contents
MANUFACTURER’S
MANUFACTURE R’S WARRANTY
WARRANTY STATEMENT STATEMENT ........................................
........................................ vi
Section 1 ..........................
.....................................................
......................................................
......................................................1-1
...........................1-1
1 Analyzerr General Description..............................
Analyze Description.......................................................
....................................1-1
...........1-1
1.1 Introduction
Introduct ion ....................................................
..............................................................................
..................................1-1
........1-1
1.2 Note on Theory of Operation...................................
Operation...........................................................
.........................1-1
.1-1
Section 2 ..........................
.....................................................
......................................................
......................................................2-3
...........................2-3
2 Analyzer Component
Component Description.........................................
Description............................................................2-3
...................2-3
2.1 Standard 12-minute
12-minute Cycle Time .................................................
...........................................................2-4
..........2-4
2.2 Detector ...............................................
........................................................................
............................................2-7
...................2-7
2.3 Microprocessor
Microproc essor Control System .................................................
.......................................................2-7
......2-7
Section 3 ..........................
.....................................................
......................................................
......................................................3-9
...........................3-9
3 Analyzerr Installation
Analyze Installation and ConsideraConsiderations tions ...............................................
................................................3-9
.3-9
3.1 Sampling Point Location ...............................................
..................................................................3-9
...................3-9
3.2 Sample Volume and Flow Rate..................................................
Rate........................................................3-9
......3-9
3.3 Sample Conditioning
Conditioning ...............................................
........................................................................3-9
.........................3-9
3.4 Battery ...............................................
........................................................................
................................................3-9
.......................3-9
3.5 Installation
Installati on........................
..................................................
....................................................
......................................3-9
............3-9
Section 4 .........................
...................................................
....................................................
....................................................
............................4-13
..4-13
4 Electricall Connections
Electrica Connections and Considerations
Considerations........................
...........................................4-13
...................4-13
4.1 Functions
Function s of Electrical
Electrical Ports.........................................
Ports...........................................................4-13
..................4-13
4.2 Modbus Communication .................................................
................................................................4-18
...............4-18
4.3 PLGC II Wiring Schedule Schedule .................................................
...............................................................4-21
..............4-21
4.4 PLGC II Wiring Diagrams...............................................................4-22
Diagrams...............................................................4-22
Section 5 .........................
...................................................
....................................................
....................................................
............................5-25
..5-25
5 Software
Softwar e Operation ................................................
.........................................................................
...............................5-25
......5-25
5.1 Software
Softwar e Installation
Installation and Connection...................................
Connection.............................................5-25
..........5-25
5.2 Interface and Icons Icons ....................................................
........................................................................5-26
....................5-26
5.3 Database
Databas e and Devices...................................................................5-30
Devices...................................................................5-30
5.4 Data Observation
Observation Applications
Applications......................
..............................................
.................................5-34
.........5-34
5.5 Setup Applications
Applications .................................................
.........................................................................5-49
........................5-49
5.6 Advanced
Advance d Operations..................
Operations............................................
...................................................5-75
.........................5-75
Section 6 .........................
...................................................
....................................................
....................................................
............................6-83
..6-83
6 Maintenance.......................
Maintena nce................................................
..................................................
..........................................6-83
.................6-83
6.1 Weekly Checkup ................................................
.........................................................................
............................6-83
...6-83
6.2 Gas Cylinder Replacement
Replacement ..................................................
............................................................6-84
..........6-84
6.3 Cleaning
Cleanin g the PLGC II .................................................
.....................................................................6-84
....................6-84
6.4 Chromatograph
Chromato graph Valve ....................................................
....................................................................6-84
................6-84
6.5 Flow Control..............................................................
Control...................................................................................6-85
.....................6-85
6.6 Column Oven ...............................................
........................................................................
..................................6-86
.........6-86
6.7 PLGC II Parts List ..................................................
..........................................................................6-86
........................6-86
6.8 Weekly Check-up Report .................................................
...............................................................6-87
..............6-87
Section 7 .........................
...................................................
....................................................
....................................................
............................7-89
..7-89
7 Troubleshooting
Troubles hooting ..................................................
...........................................................................
..................................7-89
.........7-89
Section 8 .........................
Appendix...................................................
A: Theory
Theory of Gas ....................................................
Chromatogr ....................................................
Chromatography............................................................8-91
..8-91
aphy...............................................8-91
...............8-91
iv
Figure 5-8: Cannot Delete GDP Message Box ................................................5-3
................................................5-32
2
Figure 5-9: Device Listing ................................................
.........................................................................
................................5-33
.......5-33
Figure 5-10: Watch Window................................................
Window..........................................................................
.............................5-34
...5-34
Figure 5-11: Watch Window Page 2 ..................................................
................................................................5-36
..............5-36
Figure 5-12: Archive Reader Window ................................................
..............................................................5-36
..............5-36
Figure 5-13: Archive Reader Chart ..................................................
..................................................................5-37
................5-37
Figure 5-14: Analysis Setup Window .............................................
...............................................................5-39
..................5-39
Figure 5-15: Analysis Details Window............
Window....................................
................................................
..........................5-40
..5-40
Figure 5-16: Analysis Control Window .................................................
.............................................................5-41
............5-41
Figure 5-17: Peak Integration Window..........................................................
Window.............................................................5-44...5-44
Figure 5-18: Peak Integration Marks..................................
Marks...........................................................
..............................5-45
.....5-45
Figure 5-19: Shaded Peak Integration
Integration Area..............................................
Area.....................................................5-45
.......5-45
Figure 5-20: Display Setup Window.......................................................
Window.................................................................5-49
..........5-49
Figure 5-21: Oven PID Controller.....................
Controller...............................................
................................................5-50
......................5-50
Figure 5-22: Analog Output Controller
Controller Window .............................................
...............................................5-51
..5-51
Figure 5-23: Mole Weight Calculator Window........................
Window .................................................
..........................5-52
.5-52
Figure 5-24: Cross Calculator Window .............................................
............................................................5-53
...............5-53
Figure 5-25: Component
Component Table ....................................................
........................................................................5-54
....................5-54
Figure 5-26: Streams Set up Window ..............................................
..............................................................5-58
................5-58
Figure 5-27: Analyzer Paths Tab .................................................
.....................................................................5-61
....................5-61
Figure 5-28: Action List Tab .....................................................
.............................................................................5-62
........................5-62
Figure 5-29: Add Action List Item Window .................................................
.......................................................5-65
......5-65
Figure 5-30: Run Definitions
Definitions Window.....................................
Window.............................................................
..........................5-66
..5-66
Figure 5-31: At-Start
At-Start GDP Receiver Dialog Box ............................................
..............................................5-67
..5-67
Figure 5-32: Normal Sequence Window ................................................
..........................................................5-68
..........5-68
Figure 5-33: Externally
Externally Controlled
Controlled Window......................................................5-69
Window......................................................5-69
Figure 5-34: Timed Interval Window ......................
..............................................
..........................................5-71
..................5-71
Figure 5-35: Serial Port Setup Window............................................................5-
Window............................................................5-72 72
Figure 5-36: Archive Setup Window..................................
Window............................................................
...............................5-73
.....5-73
Figure 5-37: Confirm Archive Definition
Definition Change...........................................
Change..............................................5-75...5-75
Figure 5-38: Process Monitor..............................................
Monitor........................................................................
.............................5-75
...5-75
Figure 5-39: Update Firmware Window .................................................
...........................................................5-76
..........5-76
Figure 5-41:
Figure 5-40: Replace Existing Process
Thread Information Proces s Window ..............................................5-
..............................................5-77
Window.........................................................5-80
Window.................................... 77
.....................5-80
Figure 6-1: Valco 10-port Valve ...................................................
.......................................................................6-85
....................6-85
Figure 8-1: Chromatograph
Chromatograph Equipment...............................
Equipment.......................................................
.............................8-91
.....8-91
Figure 8-2: Sample Gas Flow Through The Column...................................
Column........................................8-92
.....8-92
Figure 8-3: TCD ..................................................
...........................................................................
.............................................8-93
....................8-93
Figure 8-4: Chromatogram
Chromatogram Description...........................................
Description............................................................8-94
.................8-94
Tables
Table 4-1: LED Functions
Functions ...................................................
.............................................................................
.............................4-18
...4-18
Table 4-2: PLGC II Wiring Schedule ...............................................
................................................................4-21
.................4-21
Table 6-1: PLGC II Class 1, Div 2 Parts List ......................
...............................................
..............................6-86
.....6-86
Table 6-2: PLGC II Class 1, Div 1 Parts List (XP Version).....................
Version) ...............................6-87
..........6-87
Table 10-1: Parameters of Natural Gas Components (GPA) .........................10-99
.........................10-99
Table 10-2: Parameters of Natural Gas Components (AGA) .......................10-100
.......................10-100
Revision 8b v 11/10/2005
MANUFACTURER’S WARRANTY STATEMENT
This product is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for twelve months from the date of
shipment. During the warranty period the manufacturer
manufacturer will, as its option, either repai
repairr or replace products,
which prove to be defective.
The manufacturer or its representative can provide warranty service at the buyer’s facility only upon prior
agreement. In all cases the buyer has the option of returning the product for Wa Warranty
rranty service to a facility
designated by the manufacturer or its representatives. The buyer shall prepay shipping charges for products
returned to a service facility, and the manufacturer or its representatives shall pay for return of the products
to the buyer. The buyer may also be rrequiredequired to pay round-trip
round-trip travel expenses aand
nd labor charges at
prevailing labor rates if wa
warranty
rranty is disqualified
disqualified for reasons listed below.
Galvanic Applied Sciences Ltd. spare parts and products for the operation of their instruments, such as
chemically treated sensing
sensing tapes, are manufactured under a stringentl
stringentlyy controlled quality environment. If a
substitute is used, instrument
instrument performance m may
ay not be sati
satisfactory.
sfactory. Accordingly, G Galvanic
alvanic Applied
Sciences Ltd. will not be responsible for the performance of instruments manufactured by it if product
substitutes are used. Without in any way limiting the foregoing, if at any time chemchemically
ically treated sensing
tapes other than those supplied by Galvanic Applied Sciences Ltd. are used in an instrument manufactured
by it, this warranty shall be void and of no further force of effect and no liability arising from the use of
such other sensing tapes shall be attached to Galvanic Applied
Applied Sciences Ltd. Further, Galvanic Applied
Applied
Sciences Ltd. shall have no obligation to service or repair any instrument in which such other sensing tapes
are used that have not been approved for such use by Galvanic Applied Sciences Ltd.
Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects arising from:
• Improper or inadequate maintenance by the user.
• Improper or inadequate site preparation.
• Unauthorized modification or misuse.
• Operation of the product in unfavorable environments, especially high temperature, high humidity,
• Corrosive or other damaging atmospheres or otherwise outside published specs of analyzer.
Disclaimer
vi
Section 1
The PLGC
identify and IIquantify
thermal the
conductivity
componentsgas of
chromatograph
natural gas was
and designed to
natural gas
products. It can also be used on other gaseous samples when fitted with
appropriate columns. It calculates the energy content and provides mole
percent concentrations of each component as required for AGA8 flow
measurement. The GAS PLGC II is fully automated and designed to
perform on-line, real time analysis. The Windows™ based configuration
program allows the user to view chromatograms as well as configure the
analyzer.
The PLGC II is available in both regular and explosion proof models. Each
of these models is also available with the option of AC power.
1.2 Note on Theory of Operation
An introduction to gas chromatography
chromatography theory is explained in Appendix A.
Chromatograph terminology is explained in Appendix B. Reading these
sections prior to use of the PLGC will be useful for users who are
unfamiliar with gas chromatographs.
houses the(and
port valve components involved
6-port valve, in theSpeed
in High chromatograph analysis
Heating value process.
analysis The 10
analyzers),
the chromatograph column(s), and the thermal conductivity detector (TCD) are
described further in Sections 2.1 and 2.2. The heater maintains a constant
temperature within the oven, which is critical for proper separation of the sample
gas. The TCD excitation board supplies power to the thermal conductivity
detector.
Solenoids
TCD
Main Micro-
processor Board
Flow meter
The bottom compartment houses the PLGC II main microprocessor board. The
microprocessor performs calculations, handles the Graphical User Interface
(GUI), and controls communications for the chromatograph (See Section 2.3).
The flow meter, gas inlet ports, and solenoids are located on the side panel. The
flow meter controls the flow of sample gas into the PLGC II. In Figure 2-1, the top
solenoid actuates the chromatograph valve, and the bottom solenoid switches
between calibration gas and sample gas. If two or three chromatograph valves
are to be used in the chromatograph application, additional solenoids can be
wired to the analyzer. Solenoids can also be wired for switching up to 8 streams
of gas. Solenoid wiring is explained in Section 4.1.1.
Sample Loop
Column 2
Helium enters to
Column 1 actuate valve
2-4
CALIBRATION
IN
SAMPLE
SAMPLE LOOP
IN
10 TO 100 PSIG
SAMPLE
1 VENT
10 2 HELIUM
9 3 REFERENCE CARRIER
60 PSIG
8 4
7 5
6 TCD
JUMPER
Air Supply VENT
MEASURING
COLUMN
TO ATMOSPHERE
BUFFER COLUMN
C1 C2 Detector
CALIBRATION
IN
C2 C1
Detector
SAMPLE
SAMPLE LOOP
IN
10 TO 100 PSIG
SAMPLE
1 VENT
10 2 HELIUM
9 3 REFERENCE CARRIER
60 PSIG
8 4
C 7 5
O 6 TCD
L
U Air Supply VENT
M
N
1
MEASURING
COLUMN 2
TO ATMOSPHERE
BUFFER COLUMN
rapid
while passage of nitrogen,
separating methane,
the heavier and carbon
hydrocarbon dioxide into –column
components 3,
ethane,
propane, i and n-butane, and i and n-pentane. Once carbon dioxide
has entered column 3, the six-port valve is actuated, trapping nitrogen,
methane, and carbon dioxide in column 3. The heavier components
then pass through a jumper (marked in the diagram as R1), a short
piece of tubing containing no packing material, on their way to the
detector. Once n-pentane has eluted, the six-port valve is actuated a
second time, and nitrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide then elute
from column 3. Total analysis time is about 4 minutes, and as before
the analysis is run isothermally at 60°C. The gas flow path for the
HSHV analysis is shown in figure 2-5.
2-6
2.2 Detector
The thermal conductivity detector (TCD) is housed inside the column oven
to minimize the effect of ambient temperature changes. To further reduce
temperature and flow effects a reference filament is used in a Wheatstone
bridge configuration. The resistance of the measuring thermistor changes
relative to the reference thermistor in proportion to the concentration of the
component. This
volts, which is change
then sent toisthe
converted to converter.
24-bit A/D a voltage between 0 and 3.0
The microprocessor
then converts the voltage signal to a digital value from 0 to 16,777,216
bits.
2-8
Section 3
Sample
flow should
meter at thebeanalyzer
suppliedwill
to the analyzer
control at no
the flow intomore than 100 psig.
the analyzer's A
sample
valve at 50 cc/min. A bypass sweep is recommended to reduce lag time
in the sample lines.
3.3 Sample Conditioning
The function of the sample system available as an option with the PLGC II
is to regulate and filter the sample. The sample system is required if the
sample is not available at a pressure less than 100 psig, contains
particulates, or is subject to liquid dropout. Consideration must be taken of
upset conditions as well as normal conditions when designing the sample
system. Contamination is often a problem with PLGC II sample systems.
3.4 Battery
WARNING: TO PREVENT IGNITION OF HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE,
THE BATTERY MUST ONLY BE CHANGED IN AN AREA KNOWN TO
BE NON-HAZARDOUS
Step 3: Attach UHP helium at the pressure specified in the factory setup
(usually 60 psig). A dual stage regulator is recommended. See to
see where to attach the helium.
Step 5: Wire the appropriate power to the analyzer and allow the oven
temperature to reach the set temperature (usually 40 ° C). If
possible allow the analyzer to stabilize over night. Note that mains
supply voltage fluctuations are not to exceed 10 percent of the
nominal supply voltage.
Note:
- A switch or circuit breaker shall be included in the building
installation
- The switch/circuit breaker shall be in close proximity to the
equipment and within easy reach of the operator
- The switch/circuit shall be marked as the disconnecting device
for the equipment.
3-10
16.7
8.7 11.8
1.8
16.5
16.0
13.0
6.8
0.5
20.5
15.8
14.6
8.7
4.6
2.8
29.9
9.5
Step 6: Tube in sample gas at 10 to 100 psig to the port labeled Sample
and attach the calibration gas at the same pressure as the sample
gas to the port labeled Calibration. See
Step 8: The analyzer should be allowed to stabilize for 24 hours and then a
calibration should be performed. If the recommended calibration
gas is not available do not attempt to calibrate the analyzer. The
factory calibration should be used until a certified standard is
available.
Tube in carrier gas (helium), calibration
gas, and sample gas to designated ports
Vent
3-12
Section 4
4-14
Chromatograph Valve Drivers 1-4: Solenoid actuation for
chromatograph valves. CV1, CV2, and CV3 are factory
wired. CV1 is generally wired for the calibration solenoid.
Pin 2 TX
Pin 3 RX
Pin 5 GND
4-16
See Figure 4-6 for further information on Modbus wiring.
ARCNET
ARCNET A high speed networking architecture that allows multiple
analyzers to share data, and allows remote configuration of
multiple analyzers from a single unit.
Analog Output
Output 4-20 mA outputs that are programmable and can be used for a
number of output applications. A powered loop is required for
these outputs. The polarity (+/-) for these ports is shown in
Figure 4-5
NOTE
Over 1000 foot distance requires you to contact Galvanic Applied Sciences Inc service
department for assistance. RS 485 is suitable for up to 1000 feet with supplied
termination resistors from Galvanic. The termination resistors will have to be changed if
the distance is to exceed 1000 feet.
The standard PLGC II has three serial ports. These ports can be used to
configure the analyzer or as Modbus communications ports as follows:
4.2.1 Enron Modbus Protocol:
RTU Data Transfer Format ASCII Data Transfer Format
Selectable - 300 to 115200 bps Selectable – 300 to 115200 bps
No Parity Even Parity
8 Data bits 7 Data bits
1 Stop bit 1 Stop bit
The PLGC II analyzer can be configured for different baud rates in different
modes. The analyzer will be set up for Enron Modus communications at 9600
RTU mode as sent from the factory.
4.2.2 Modbus LED Description
Red Green
LED Pair 1 – Communication Status Idle IO
LED Pair 2 – Port 1 RS232 Status Rx Tx
LED Pair 3 – Port
Port 2 RS232
RS232 (Isolate
(Isolated)
d) Status
Status Rx Tx
LED Pair 4 – Port 3 RS 485 Status Rx Tx
Table 4-1: LED Functions
4-18
Revision 8b 4-19 11/10/2005
Section 4 Part Number MA2182
4-20
4.3 PLGC II Wiring Schedule
The wiring schedule shown in Table 4-2 should be used in conjunction with the
wiring diagram. See Section 4.4.
Electrical Connection Terminal 1 Terminal 2 Wire Signal Name
Description Colour
TCD Excitation Board
TCD Board - P2 RTD Red A
TCD Board - P2 RTD Black B
TCD Board - P2 RTD Black B
Status Inputs
4-22
Additional solenoids can be added for
multiple chromatograph valves
Status Inputs
5 Software Operation
This section describes basic operations of the PLGC software. It is based on the
assumption that the analyzer has been correctly configured at the factory.
The PLGC II software has been designed to receive, interpret, and plot data from
the PLGC II gas chromatograph. Peaks in the resulting chromatogram identify
the compound by retention time and the concentration by the area of the peak.
Various parameters, including BTU, specific gravity, and compressibility factor,
can be displayed with the software. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) for the
software is a Windows-based system.
This manual provides instructions on the installation, setup and use of the PLGC
II software program. It includes requirements and procedures for installation
along with instructions for communication between the chromatograph and
computer. It also outlines procedures for calibration, configuration and data
acquisition.
Once the software has been installed, it is possible to view the software Revision
History by clicking the ‘Help’ menu at the top of the screen and choosing ‘View
Revision History’.
The following are the computer requirements to install and operate the
PLGC II software.
Operating System
Microsoft Windows 98, Me, 2000, or XP
Memory
Minimum of 64MB RAM.
Disk Drives
A CD ROM drive is required to read the installation
installation disk, and a
minimum of 20 megabytes of space is required for installation on the
PC hard drive. More space will be required to save data, such as
chromatograms and archive data.
Serial Port
Connect the other end of the cable to a male 9-pin serial port on the back
of the computer, or attached to a USB-Serial adapter that has been
correctly configured.
5-26
Open – allows the user to open a pre-saved configuration. This button can
only be used if the PC is not connected to the PLGC II.
Save All – allows the user to save configuration files for all open windows.
Print – allows the user to print to print the output from the currently open
window, including action lists, component tables, chromatograms, and
archive data.
Cascade Windows – allows the user to reduce the size of all open
windows and lines them up one behind the next.
Collapse – allows the user to collapse the directory tree on the left side of
the screen.
Expand All – allows the user to expand all branches of the directory tree
on the left side of the screen
Read All – Reads data from device for all open windows.
Synchronize Time – updates PLGC II time and date with the time and
date set on the connected PC. Ensure that the PC’s time and date is set
correctly before synchronizing time.
Process Monitor – allows the user to view the revision number for all
applications installed on the PLGC. This is useful for troubleshooting. See
Section 5.6.1, Advanced Operations – Factory Mode for more information.
In addition, there are two more icons that are available in ‘Factory’ Mode. Factory
mode, as the name would suggest, is a mode that allows the user to update or
remove applications installed on the PLGC II. For more information, see Section
5.6.1, Advanced Operations – Factory Mode. The icons are shown below.
Wipe All Processes – allows the user to wipe all processes (applications)
from the PLGC II board. This should ONLY be used at the factory or by
trained service Personnel.
5-28
power supply for the PLGC II is connected correctly. Click on the
‘Communications Setup’ button at the top of the screen, and a window
such as the one seen in Figure 5-3 appears.
Select the correct COM port on the drop-down menu. Leave all other
settings at the default values, and then press ‘OK’. Click on the ‘Logon’
icon, and if the communications are properly configured, the software will
connect to the analyzer. If for some reason the software cannot connect to
the analyzer, try changing the COM port or the baud rate in the
communications setup window. If changing these parameters still does not
result in a successful connection, please call Galvanic Applied Sciences
Inc.’s technical support, and somebody will assist you with your problem.
Read-only mode only allows the user to read data from the analyzer, while
Update allows the user to make changes to the analyzer. If Update mode
is chosen, another popup box will appear, prompting the user to enter a
password. The default password to enter Update mode is 2222.
5.3.1 Database
The database is the part of the software that defines all of the parameters
required to operate the analyzer. When the tab is first opened, the tree
view shown in Figure 5-5 is seen.
The most important section of the Database is the section that contains
the Global Data Points (GDPs). When the ‘+’ sign next to Global Data
Points is clicked, the two sub-categories shown in Figure 5-6 are seen.
I/O Controls are all of the data points relevant to the mechanical and
electrical operation of the analyzer. Under I/O controls can be found
discrete inputs,and
the detector relays,
the chromatograph valves, solenoids,
RTD that measures and inputs
the temperature in from
the
5-30
chromatograph oven. An expanded view of the I/O Controls sub-category
is seen in Figure 5-7.
daily, and
Additional
Addition monthly
al GDPs maxima,
must minima,
be set up averages,
in stream setupsand
(seeanalysis counts.
section 5.5.3.2)
There are several other options on the pop-up menu that appears when a
GDP label is right-clicked on.
• Expand Selected Node – if the label has a ‘+’ sign to the left of it,
choosing this option will cause this portion of the database to
expand, showing sub-categories.
• Collapse Tree – collapses the database down to the root, showing
only the ‘DIMAC Network Database’ Label
• Expand Tree – expands
expands all nodes
nodes within the database
database tree
• Save Database – saves the entire database to a database
(*.DCDB) file
• Load Database – loads a previously
previously saved database
database from a file.
file.
• Write DB Changes to Unit – sends the updated databasedatabase to the
analyzer.
• Create new GDP – creates a new global data point with a name of
the user’s choosing. The following window appears to create a new
GDP.A name for the new GDP is placed in the ‘Name’ field, while
typically the ‘Type’ field is left at the default ‘Scalar’. When ‘Scalar’
is chosen, no units are necessary. New GDPs are created in the
‘Additional GDPs’ section of the database.
.
Figure 5-8: Cannot Delete GDP Message Box
5-32
The message box also shows exactly where the given GDP is
referenced – in this particular example, the GDP is referenced in
two locations, one in a Stream, the other in an Archive.
• Modify GDP – allows the user to change the name, type, and units
of a given GDP.
• Show Where GDP Is Used – brings up a box similar to that shown
in Figure 5-8 that shows all processes where the given GDP is
referenced.
• Configure Alarms – this feature is not currently working, but will be
operational in later versions of the software.
5.3.2 Devices
When the ‘Devices’ tab is selected, a different directory tree is seen. This
tree shows all of the firmware processes that make the PLGC operate
correctly. In addition, the devices tab also contains processes that output
data for the user, so the user can check on the operation of the GC. The
Devices list is shown in Figure 5-9.
The Watch Window allows the user to watch the various outputs of the
PLGC. There are two pages, accessed by tabs at the top left corner of the
Watch Window screen. Page 1 is split into two sections – ‘Configurable
Items’ and ‘Current Run’.
This window can be set up to monitor the current value of any data
point in the database, but is most commonly used to monitor the any
value stored in the ‘Additional GDPs’ section of the database. To
monitor the value of a given data point, use the following procedure.
1. Select the Database tab on the left side of the screen.
2. Under Additional GDPs, select the item to be monitored, for
example, Stream 1 BTU.
5-34
3. Left click and hold on the given GDP, and drag it over into the
‘Configurable Items’ window. This will put the current value of
this GDP into the window.
4. To monitor hourly, daily, or monthly minima, maxima, or
averages, or the previous value of the GDP, first press the ‘+’ to
the left of the GDP. Under each GDP are listed Current Value
TS (timestamp), Previous Value (the value recorded
immediately before the current value), Previous Value TS, and
hourly, daily, and monthly trends. In the trends subsections are
found minima, maxima, averages, and timestamps for the
minima and maxima. Any of these can be dragged into the
‘Configurable Items’ window by following the instructions in step
3.
5. Once all the desired GDP values have been dragged into the
‘Configurable Items’ window, click on the ‘Write Current’ button
at the top of the screen. Then, to see the value for each chosen
GDP, click on the ‘Read Current’ button, and numerical values
for each GDP will be seen.
To read an archive, choose an archive from the pull-down menu at the top
of the window,
shown select the
on the button number
to the right ofofrecords to –
this box pullpress
(the the
validbutton
range to
is
5-36
automatically enter the maximum number of available records), and press
the Read Archive From Unit button. A chart showing the record number,
record trigger (See Section 5.5.7 – Archive Setup), record timestamp, and
the values of the recorded parameters for each record, appears on the
screen.Once the data is on the screen, there are several options available
to the user. If the user wishes to check the repeatability of the data, the
user simply must select any one column, or portion of a column, and click
the ‘Graph Selected Column’ button at the top of the screen. To select a
whole column, simply left-click on the column title, and the whole column
will be highlighted in blue. To select a portion of a column, left click and
hold while dragging the cursor downward over the desired data, or
highlight the first record, hold down the Shift key, and click again on the
last desired record. When the ‘Graph Selected Column’ button is clicked,
the screen will change to show a graph of the selected data, with the
average and standard deviation shown below, as shown Figure 5-13.
Archive: Heating
ng Value - Colum
Column:
n: STR1 BTU- CV
1,104
1,103.928 1,103.928
1,103.581 1,103.581
1,103.234 1,103.234
1,103
100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Average Standa
Standard
rd Devia
Deviation
tion
The chart also has the statistics shown graphically. The solid line down
the middle of the chart represents the average of the charted data, while
the dashed lines above and below the solid line show one standard
deviation above and below the average. The labels on either end show the
numerical values of the average, as well as the average plus and minus
one standard deviation.
To return to the raw data, click on the ‘Table’ tab in the upper right-hand
corner of the Archive window. There are also several right-click options
available in the ‘Table’ tab.
• Print Preview – previews
previews the printout
printout of the
the archive
archive data.
• Print – allows the user to
to print the
the raw data
data table.
• Load from File – allows the user to load a saved archive data data file in
proprietary Galvanic format (*.dcar).
• Save to File – allows the user to save the archive data to a *.dcar
file.
• Save as XLS – allows the user to save the archive data to a
Microsoft Excel (*.xls) file.
• Copy Selection To Clipboard – allows the user to copy a selected
column of data to the clipboard. (only available if there is a
highlighted portion of data)
• Copy Image to Clipboard – copies the entire archive window as an
image to the clipboard so that it can be pasted into another
application.
• Hide Selected Column – hides any selected columns (only
available if one or more complete columns are highlighted).
• Unhide All Columns – shows all columns, including any that have
been previously hidden.
5-38
5.4.3 Peak Analysis
Under the ‘Peak Analysis’ heading in the ‘Devices’ tree, there are two sub-
categories, Analysis Details and Analysis Setup. While Analysis Details
comes first in the tree, Setup will be dealt with first here.
5-40
• Norm. Dev. (Normalized Deviation) – same as above, except
with normalized rather than unnormalized data.
• Retention Time – shows the time, in seconds, at which each
individual peak elutes. These numbers should be very
consistent from analysis to analysis. Poor repeatability of
retention time values is an indication of either poor temperature
control
deviationinwindow
the column
for oneoven or too
or more wide of a(See
components retention
sectiontime
5.x
– Component
Component Table).
Table).
• Start – shows the time, in seconds, at which the integration for
each individual peak begins.
• Stop – shows the time, in seconds, at which the integration
integration for
each individual peak ends.
• V Start – shows the sensor output, in millivolts, at the time when
the peak integration begins.
• V Max – shows the sensor output, in millivolts, at the retention
time.
• V Stop – shows the sensor
sensor output, in millivolts,
millivolts, at the time when
the peak integration ends.
• Height – shows the height of the peak relative to the baseline
(basically calculated as V Max – V Start).
There are three main boxed sections in the Analysis Control window –
General Setup, Current Run, and Run Queue. Each of these sections will
be dealt with individually.
The General Setup box shows some general setup parameters for the
PLGC II.
• Initial State Halted - if this box is checked, the analyzer will not
begin an analysis unless triggered by the user when first
powered on. If this box is unchecked, the analyzer will
immediately begin an analysis cycle when the analyzer is
powered on.
• Analyzerr 1-4 (pull
Analyze (pull down menus)
menus) – should be left as is.
• Halted/Running Notification – allows the user to set up an output
output
from the analyzer to notify the control room whether the
analyzer is running or halted, by hooking up a light or some
other visual indicator to the selected control point. The control
point is set to Relay 1 by default, and should not be changed
except after consultation with Galvanic Applied Sciences Inc.
Service personnel. If the check-box under ‘Halted’ is checked,
Relay 1 will energize when the analyzer is halted. If the check-
box under ‘Running’ is checked, Relay 1 will energize when the
analyzer is running. If the check-box that is checked is changed,
press the ‘Write Changes to Unit’ button to initiate the change.
The Current Run box shows some information regarding the current
analysis.
• Halt Analyzer – pressing this button will cause the analyzer
analyzer to
go into halt mode after completing the current analysis.
• Abort Current
Current Run – pressing this button
button will cause the analyzer
analyzer
to abort the run that it is currently carrying out. The analyzer will
only abort if there is more than one run definition in the run
queue.
• Stream – shows which stream is currently being analyzed (on-
line) and which stream is currently purging (on purge).
• Time – shows how long the above streams have been on-line
and on purge, respectively, in seconds.
• Analysis Length – shows how long, in seconds, the current
analysis will take.
• Elapsed Time – shows the current position, in seconds,
seconds, in the
current analysis.
• Analyzerr State – shows whether the analyzer is halted or
Analyze
running.
5-42
5.4.4.3 Run Queue
The Run Queue shows a list of streams that are in the queue to be
analyzed. Above the run queue white box is a pull down menu next to
two buttons. The pull down menu can be used to manually add a run to
the run queue. For example, to manually initiate a Calibration or a
Reference, the user simply has to select Calibration or Reference from
the pull-down menu, and click on the ‘Add to Queue’ button. To
remove a run from the Run Queue, click on the run to be removed in
the large white box to highlight the run, and then click on the ‘Remove
from Queue’ button. Note that there should always be at least one run
in the Run Queue. The stream at the top of the list will be analyzed
next. At the top of the list are some headings.
• Position – tells the user what position the given stream has in
the run queue
• Run Definition – tells the user which run definition (see section
5.5.4.3 – Run Definitions) will be used for the analysis
• Trigger – tells the user how the runs in the queue were added
(user triggered, normal sequence, externally triggered, timed
interval). More on normal sequence and external triggers can be
found in section 5.5.4.4 – Scheduling.
• Run #/ Max Runs - tells the user how many runs total will be
carried out for the given run definition, and how many runs of
that total the analyzer has carried out to the current time.
• Stream – tells the user which stream is being analyzed for a
given run definition (see section 5.5.3 – Streams for more
information).
• Purge time – the amount of time the analyzeranalyzer will purge the
sample loop prior to initializing a run definition.
The peak integration window is one of the most important windows for the
normal user of the PLGC software. The raw data output of any
chromatograph is in the form of a chromatogram, and the chromatogram
from the PLGC can be accessed from the Peak Integration section of the
software. When the user double clicks on Peak Integration to open this
application for the first time, a message box pops up that asks ‘Load
Chromatogram from Unit?’ If the user selects Yes, the most recent
chromatogram will be downloaded from the unit and displayed on the
screen. Depending
connection between on
thethe length and
analyzer of the
theanalysis
PC, thisand the speed
process of the
can take as
5-44
(See Section 5.5.3 - Streams). Three types of purple lines, solid, large
dashed, and small dashed, represent integration parameters which are
best explained using a diagram, shown in Figure 5-18.
Set
Detection Integration Integration
Window Start Stop
Figure 5-x shows a peak, with the three purple lines. The small dashed
line occurs prior to the peak, and is called a ‘Set Detection Window’. This
tells the analyzer how wide a peak it will be looking for when detecting
peaks. The solid line comes next, indicating the start of integration. Finally,
the large dashed line indicates the end of integration. The time distance
between the solid purple line and the large dashed purple line is identical
to the size of the detection window. Both the size of the detection window,
and the time that the integration window is set, can be changed in the
action list, but integration start and stop marks are automatically set.
Figure 5-19 shows how peak area is calculated.
next
that click
shows shows Max Time,
its retention which
time. gives
The each peak
following clicka gives
label
5-46
Corrected Area, which shows the raw area underneath each
peak. Clicking once more gives Off, which removes all labels
from the peaks. One more peak will return to Peak Name.
First Peak – clicking this button will immediately
immediately show a
correctly zoomed view of the first integrated and named
peak, regardless of what zoom mode the window is currently
in.
Next Peak – clicking this
this button will
will show a correctly
correctly zoomed
zoomed
view of the next integrated peak. Continuing to click this
button will show zoomed views of all integrated peaks in the
chromatogram. This button is useful to see the peak shapes
for all peaks in the chromatogram.
analysis,
calibration and
cycledoes not more
does (for recalculate retention see
on Calibrations, times as 5.5.3
section a true
–
Streams).
• Display Extended Info – displays information
information about the raw data for
the displayed chromatogram. Useful for debugging purposes only.
• Preferences – allows the user to configure
configure the chromatogram
chromatogram
display
o Show Action List Codes – toggles action list markers (not
integration start/stop marks) on/off.
o Show Inflection Points – toggles integration start/stop
markers on/off.
o Set Trace Colour – allows the user to change the colour of
the chromatogram
o
Set Background Colour – allows the user to change the
colour of the background
5-48
o Restore Default Colours – returns to default colours for
chromatogram (Red) and background (grey).
o Invert Scrolling – inverts the effect of the arrow keys on
scrolling while in zoom mode; i.e. left key scrolls right, up key
scrolls down, etc.
o Time Format – allows the user to change the time format
(except
seconds.on x-axis) between seconds only and minutes:
o Print Orientation/Print Sizing – allows the user to set print
preferences.
o Auto print on Auto store
store – allows the
the user to set the program
program
to automatically print every chromatogram while in Auto-
Store chromatogram mode.
5.5 Setup Applications
Double-clicking on the Setup category of the Devices tree opens up a number
of sub-categories. In the Setup category are found many applications required
for proper setup and operation of the PLGC.
5.5.1.1 Display
5-50
simply requires changing the Set Point value in the upper right
hand corner of the screen and writing this change to the unit.
Please note, however, that changing the oven temperature will
change component retention times, which will need to be adjusted
in the Component table to ensure correct operation.
4. Change
change inthe name
GDP of the Output Controller to reflect this
output.
‘Scaling’
range intobox
thewill
twonoboxes
longer
to be
thegreyed
right ofout. Enter
‘Scale thewith
(EU’, correct
the
lower end of the range going under ‘Zero’, and the higher
end of the range going under ‘Span’.
7. Write these changes to the unit.
8. Click on the word ‘Calibrate’ to re-grey out the boxes, then
read data from unit to ensure that the change has been
successful.
9. Un-halt the analyzer and begin analyses as normal.
For more information about the various fields in the Output Controller
windows, it is possible to right-click on any white text input field in the
Output Controller windows and choose the ‘What’s This?’ option. This
will give more information about what each field is, and links to an in-
depth PLGC Help file.
5-52
For the PLGC, there are typically three mole weight calculators, one
calculating heating value (generally, but not always, in ideal BTU per
1000 cubic feet), one calculating specific gravity, and one calculating
compressibility. In the PLGC, the mole weight calculators tend to only
be used for the heating value applications, not for applications that only
analyze
be used only a portion
for gas of the
mixtures forcomponents in thecomposition
which the entire gas, as theyiscan only
known.
The results from Mole Weight Calculators are based on the values for
each parameter in the component table (see Section 5.5.2 -
Components) as well as the exact composition of the gas stream.
Generally speaking, no changes should be made to the mole weight
calculators as set up from the factory without first consulting Galvanic
service staff.
Mole weight calculators are generally used only for analyzers that are
analyzing all components in a gas stream. For most analyzers that are
not measuring the complete heating value of the analyzed sample gas,
and analyzers that are measuring only one or two components (for
example, H2S) of a sample, mole weight calculators are used to output
the concentration of one component of interest on the display, as the
display can only output results from a mole weight calculator. .
performed
lower threecan be changed
pull-down byValid
menus. clicking on the
inputs buttons to the
for calculation left of are
purposes the
The component table is the most important input area in the entire PLGC.
The component table stores data about the names, calibration gas values,
retention times, response factors, heating values, specific gravities, and
compressibilities for every component that may be present in the analyzed
gas stream. A sample component table is shown in Figure 5-25.
A brief ex
explanatio
planationn of each column is provided
provided here:
• Calibration Gas Value – the concentration
concentration of each component
component
found in the calibration gas cylinder. These values are taken off the
certificate or paperwork included with the calibration cylinder.
• Response Factor – a multiplication
multiplication factor that converts a raw peak
area into a concentration value. See Appendix B for more
information about how response factors are calculated.
• Retention Time – the time, in seconds, seconds, at which the given
component elutes from the column and reaches the detector.
Peaks in a chromatogram are identified on the basis of their
5-54
retention times, as each component has its own unique retention
time.
• Retention Time Deviation – the amount of time, in seconds, that a
peak is allowed to deviate from the set retention time for a given
component and still be identified as that component. For example,
in the sample component table, methane has a retention time of
26.95 with
peak seconds, and atime
a retention deviation of 5 between
anywhere seconds. 21.95
This means
secondsthat
anda
31.95 seconds will be identified as methane. Generally speaking,
peaks that elute early in the analysis will have small retention time
deviations (± 5 seconds or less), while later peaks will have larger
deviations (± 10 seconds or more).
• Heating Value – the calorific value of each component
component in the gas.
These values are obtained from some accepted standard (GPA
2145, AGA 2145, ISO 6976 are the most common). Some typical
values for all components are found in the table in Appendix C. The
typical configuration for the PLGC has the heating value given as
ideal dry BTU per 1000 cubic feet, at a pressure of 14.696psi,
although figures for other conditions are available at customer
request.
• Specific Gravity – the density of each component,
component, relative to air,
which has a specific gravity of 1.
• Compressibility – the deviation of the volume of a given component
component
from the volume of that component were it an ideal gas.
Below the table is a box that is entitled Calibration Gas results. It has four
boxes that show summed information for the calibration gas.
• Component Total – shows the sum of the concentrations
concentrations of all
components in the gas. If this sum is not 100, normalization cannot
be used in calculations. If this sum is not 100, but the calibration
gas is supposed to have a sum of 100%, please check all entered
concentrations for errors.
• Heating Value – shows the heating value of a gas with component
component
concentrations as entered in the table. Reference runs (see section
5.x) using a calibration gas of this composition should produce a
value close to this heating value if the analyzer is correctly
calibrated.
• Specific Gravity – shows the specific gravity of the total calibration
calibration
gas.
• Compressibility – shows the compressibility
compressibility of the total calibration
calibration
gas.
•
columns
Add New Component
Component – allows the user to add another row to the
table to enter data for a new component in the gas stream. If a new
component is added, remember to write changes to the unit.
• Add New Column – allows the user to add another column to the
table that can be used in a mole weight calculator. For example, if
the user wishes to calculate both dry and saturated heating value,
he or she could add another column containing saturated heating
value data. The numerical values for this column must be obtained
from a recognized standard, such as GPA 2145-03.
• Delete Unused Columns – deletes any column whose contents are
solely zeroes. If this option is chosen, and there are unused
columns in the component table, remember to write these changes
to the unit.
• Print Preview – previews how a print-out
print-out of the component
component table
would look.
• Print – allows the user toto print the
the component
component table.
• Load Configuration File – allows the user to load a saved
component table from a Galvanic proprietary (*.dc101a) file. This
option is useful if incorrect changes are made to the PLGC and the
original configuration needs to be recovered.
• Save Configuration File – saves the current component table to a
directory of the user’s choice in Galvanic proprietary (*.dc101a)
format.
• Save as CSV – saves the current componentcomponent table as a comma-
separated value (*.csv)
such as Microsoft Excel. file for opening in a spreadsheet program
• Save as XLS – saves the current component table as a Microsoft
Microsoft
Excel (*.xls) spreadsheet file.
• Copy Image to Clipboard – copies the current Component
Component table,
including the boxes showing heating value, specific gravity, and
compressibility, as an image to the clipboard, so that it can be
pasted into another application, such as Microsoft Word.
5.5.3 Streams
The stream setup window is the window that shows how each of the
various streams to be analyzed by the PLGC is setup. This tells the
analyzer which solenoids to actuate for a given stream, what GDPs should
be written to for each stream, and what type of stream it is. A typical
stream setup window is shown in Figure 5-26.
The three types of streams defined for the PLGC are normal, calibration,
and reference.
• Normal – a normal stream is a stream that is used to analyze
sample gas, giving results that are useful for plant operations.
• Calibration – a calibration
calibration stream is a stream that is used to
calibrate the analyzer, giving new response factors and retention
times for all components, to ensure that it gives accurate results
when operating on a normal stream.
• Reference – a reference
reference stream is a stream that is used to check
the calibration status of a PLGC. As the heating value content of a
calibration gas is a known value – the heating value for the
calibration gas is shown at the bottom of the Components window –
if the heating value obtained on the reference run does not closely
match this known value, a calibration is necessary.
Revision 8b 5 57 11/10/2005
The stream type is selected using the pull-down menu in the top left
corner of the Streams setup window. Below this menu is a box called
‘Minimum Purge Time’. The Minimum Purge Time is the minimum amount
of time a new stream must pass through the sample loop in the column
oven prior to starting analysis of this stream. At the bottom of the screen
are tabs that allow the user to switch between the configurations for the
streams that are installed on the PLGC. All PLGCs will have a minimum of
3 streams – at least one sample stream, a calibration stream, and a
reference stream. A stream can be renamed by right-clicking on the tab at
the bottom of the screen and selecting ‘Rename Current Stream’. Note
that changing the name of a stream requires that this information be
written to the analyzer.
The stream path is a window that shows which control points are
actuated for a given stream. Generally speaking, each individual
stream will be controlled by its own solenoid, with calibration and
reference streams usually controlled by the same solenoid.
5 58
8 streams,
PLGC. Theplus Reference
Control and
Points for Calibration,
stream control can
comebefrom
analyzed by the
the Database
tab, under ‘Global Data Points I/O Controls’, and are simply dragged
from the database window into the white box in the Stream Path
window. Next to each control point shown in the Stream Path window
is a check box. If there is a checkmark in this box, it means that the
given control point will be energized for that stream. For example, in
Figure 5-26, the Stream 1 Stream Path shows that Solenoid 1 is
energized, while the Calibration Solenoid, and Solenoids 2,3, and 4 are
de-energized.
The reason that all solenoids are shown in each stream is because
control points stay in a given state until they are told specifically to
change state. That is to say, if Solenoid 1 is turned on for Stream 1, it
will stay on unless the subsequent streams tell it explicitly to shut off.
Thus, each individual stream is configured to have its solenoid (or
other control point) turn on, and all other solenoids to turn off, to
ensure that only the solenoid or control point that controls a given
stream is on, and all other control points are off, when that stream is
being analyzed. Therefore, if adding a new control point for a given
stream, ensure that this control point is added to the Stream Path of all
the other streams set up on the analyzer to ensure this new control
point is explicitly shut off in all other streams.
For more detailed information on Stream Paths from the PLGC Help
File, right click anywhere on the white field under Stream Paths, and
choose the ‘What’s This?’ option.
The Component Table column means that the value associated with
the given GDP is an output of either a mole weight calculator or a
cross calculator. For this to produce correct results, if the mole weight
calculator or cross calculator is set up to use normalized values, the
Revision 8b 5 59 11/10/2005
given component
not checked, this with this GDP, the
will associate whereas if the normalized
un-normalized checkbox
concentration is
value
with the GDP.
To add a new global data point to the stream component field, drag the
desired GDP from the database into the Stream Components field.
Choose the desired component table column (if the new component is
a calculated output from either a mole weight calculator or a cross
calculator) or the desired component to associate with this new global
data point. To change the Component Table column or Component
associated with a given GDP, first left-click on the cell of the table to be
changed. Left-clicking again will cause a pop-up menu to appear giving
all the possible options for the Component or Component Table
column. To ensure that normalized data is associated with a given
GDP, check the normalized check box. To delete a global data point
from a stream, right click on the component to be deleted, and chose
‘Delete Row’, then write the changes to the analyzer.
For analyzers that are not measuring all components, ensure that the
Normalized checkboxes for the components are not checked;
otherwise the results entered into the GDPs will be invalid. Note the
GDP names in the Database have Stream prefixes that tell the user
which stream to associate the GDPs with. For example, stream 1
GDPs will usually be prefixed with STR 1, calibration stream GDPs will
be prefixed CAL, and reference stream GDPs will be prefixed REF.
Ensure that the GDPs are correctly associated with their streams.
Finally, it is important to make certain that each individual GDP is only
associated with a single stream – to have the same GDP associated
with more than one stream will cause invalid results to be stored in a
given GDP.
Sample
tells the handling
analyzer ishow
the long
application that tells
the analysis is, the PLGC
what howsolenoids,
valves, to operate. It
and
other control points to actuate during the analysis, and where to actuate
them, what analysis settings are relevant to each stream, and when to
carry out an analysis of each independent stream. There are four
subheadings under the ‘Sample Handling’ node in the Devices tab –
Analyzer Paths, Action Lists, Run Definitions, and Scheduling – and each
will be described here in detail. The 4 Sample Handling subheadings can
be accessed through tabs at the top of the Sample Handling window.
Generally, there will only be one analyzer path, with no control points
added – this is the type of Analyzer Path configuration that is shown in
Figure 5-27. At least one Analyzer Path is required to be defined for
the analyzer to work correctly. Additional paths can be added by
pressing the ‘Add Analyzer Path’ button at the bottom of the screen.
The analyzer paths can be set up by dragging control points from the
PLGC
when anyII database
change isover
madeinto the window,
in this Control the
Points window.
changes mustAs
be before,
written
to the analyzer before they take effect.
The Action List window is the heart of the PLGC II operation. Action
lists are lists of events that tell the analyzer how to run an analysis. In
this window, chromatograph valve times and integration parameters
are set that allow the analyzer to produce a chromatogram. Each entry
in an action list is known as an action list code. There are 4 columns in
the Action List window – Action, Value, @ time (sec), and Sequence.
5-62
• Action – describes what type of action each action list code is.
There are several types of action list code, described in detail
below:
o External Controls – an external control tells the analyzer
to trigger a valve, a solenoid, or a relay at a given time
during the analysis. Any Action List Code with a pink
arrow
arrow icon
icon inin front
front of itit ( ) is an exter
external
nal control.
control.
Generally speaking, chromatograph valves (1 for a 12
minute analysis and for H2S analysis, 2 for a high speed
heating value analysis) are the only external controls in
an action list.
o Allow stream switch – allows the analyzer to switch
streams during an analysis. This allows the analyzer to
purge the sample system with the upcoming stream for a
longer period of time prior to the analysis, so this is
typically placed quite early in an analysis. The stream
that is switched to is defined either manually in the
Analysis Control window, or automatically
automatically in the
Scheduling section of Sample Handling (see Section
5.5.4.4).
o Inhibit On/Off – turns integration
integration inhibition on or off.
When inhibit is turned on, the PLGC will not integrate any
peaks until an inhibit off action list code is triggered.
o Set Detection Window (Seconds) – allows the user to
change the width of the integration window (See Section
5.4.5 – Peak Integration). The wider the peak in the
chromatogram, the wider the Detection Window required
for accuracy and repeatability. As a result, several ‘Set
Detection Window’ actions are required during an
analysis, because not all peaks in a chromatogram have
the same width.
• Value – the value column can show one of three things; a
number, a check box, or ‘execute’. Check boxes are associated
with control points. If a control point, normally a chromatograph
valve, has its check box checked, that means that the control
point is being turned on, and if the check box is unchecked, the
control point is being turned off. Execute is used for inhibit
events, as it simply states that the inhibit on or off is being
carried out. The numbers in this column show are associated
with ‘Set Detection Windows’, and show the width, in seconds,
of each Detection Window being set.
• @ Time (seconds) – shows the time, in seconds, seconds, during an
analysis where an event occurs.
• Sequence – shows the order in which events occur, from 1 to
the highest number in the sequence.
Revision 8b 5-63 11/10/2005
Some streams may require a different action list to correctly carry out
an analysis, for example if the stream compositions vary significantly
from stream to stream. To add another action list, click on the ‘Add
Action List’ button at the bottom left of the Action Lists window, and a
pop-up window will appear asking for a name for the new action list.
Enter a name for the list, press OK, and a new blank action list will be
created.
where the Action
namelists
is can be renamed
displayed later by “Rename
and selecting right clicking on the
current tab
Action
List” from the pop-up menu. Right-clicking on the white field of the
action list brings up a pop-up menu with the following options.
• What’s This? – provides access to the help file regarding Action Action
Lists, including an in-depth examination of how to add actions to
an action list.
• Add New Action – allows the user to add a new action to the
action list. See Section 5.5.4.2.1 for more information as to how
to add actions to an action list.
• Print – prints the action list to the default printer.
• Load Sample Handling Configuration from File – loads a pre-
saved sample handling configuration file (*.dcsh). Note that this
will replace ALL configurations under the Sample Handling
heading – analyzer paths, action lists, run definitions, and
scheduling.
• Save Sample Handling Configuration to File – saves the Sample
Handling configuration – analyzer paths, action lists, run
definitions, and scheduling – to a *.dcsh file.
On the right hand side of the Action List window is a section with
several buttons called ‘Action Filters’. By default, ‘All’ is selected, and
this will show all the action list codes in the action list. The other
buttons filter the list to show only specific types of action list codes.
• Inhibit – shows only Inhibit
Inhibit On/Off events.
events.
•
•
Detection Gain – –shows
External Control showsonly the
only Set Detection
Dete
external ction Window
control Window such
events, events.
events.
as
chromatograph valves, relays, and solenoids.
• Stream Switch – shows only stream
stream switch events.
action list, right click anywhere on the action list and select “Add
New Action” from the pop-up menu. A window such as the one
shown in Figure 5-29 will appear on the screen. Choose the action
to be added and the desired action control time, and then click OK.
The new action will show up in the Action List at the appropriate
spot based on the chosen action control time. Note that the
Baseline Capture
and should not beand Manual
added Integration
to any action
action list. types
Also, dothat
note not work,
when
‘Set Detection Window’ is chosen, an additional text box appears in
the window. In this box should be entered the desired width of the
detection window before OK is clicked. When ‘Inhibit’ is chosen,
two radio buttons, one marked ‘On’ and the other marked ‘Off’ will
appear. Select either ‘On’ or ‘Off’ prior to clicking OK.
To add an external control action to the list, simply drag the Global
Data Point (GDP) from in the ‘I/O Controls’ section of the database
for the switch from the database tree and drop it onto the action list.
A new action will be created in the action list for the control. In the
value column for the new action, specify what should happen to the
control.
“on” For relays,
or “off”. In thesesolenoids,
cases, a and valves
check theappear
box will value can only
in the be
value
Revision 8b 5-65 11/10/2005
To delete an action from the action list, right click on the action and
select “Delete Selected Action” from the pop-up menu. An action
can also be deleted by left-clicking on any row in the Action List
table and pressing the ‘Delete’ key on the keyboard. When an
attempt is made to delete an action list event, a confirmation dialog
box will pop up asking the user to confirm their decision to delete
the action list event. Only if ‘Yes’ is selected will the action list
event be deleted.
After making changes to the action list, click on the “Write to Unit”
button to send the new sample handling configuration (including the
action list) to the unit.
A Run Definition
Definition (a.k.a. Recipe) specifies all of the information
required to perform an analysis. Each row defines the set of options
for a single analysis run definition. There are eight columns in the
table, each defining some part of the run definition.
5-66
5.5.4.4 Scheduling
The run definitions that are listed and checked in the normal
sequence will repeat in order indefinitely until some directive, such
as an external trigger or manual analysis initiation, tells the
analyzer to analyze some other stream. Items in the Normal
Sequence that do not have the ‘Enabled’ checkbox checked will not
run as part of the normal sequence. To add a run definition to the
normal sequence,
somewhere rightlarge
within the clickwhite
on the
box,normal sequence
and choose “Addtable, or
Item to
Normal Sequence” from the pop-up menu. A new row will will be
added to the table. Click in the run definition cell to open a drop-
down list of the available run definitions and select the desired run
definition for the normal sequence item. An item can be removed
from the normal sequence without being deleted simply by
unchecking the “Enabled” checkbox. To delete a single row, right
click on the row to select it and show the pop-up menu. Choose
“Delete Current Normal Sequence Item” from the menu. Several
unused normal sequence items can be deleted at once by choosing
“Delete All Disabled Normal Sequence Items” from the grid’s pop-
up menu. As before, any changes made in this window must be
written to the unit to take effect.
First, add
Row” froma the
rowpop-up
by rightmenu.
clicking
A on
newtherow
gridwill
and beselecting
added to“Add
the New
grid.
Revision 8b 5-69 11/10/2005
As shown in Figure
Figure 5-34, the Timed Interval
Interval table consists
consists of seven
columns. The first, Enable, contains a checkbox that tells the
analyzer whether or not the schedule item is enabled – if the
checkbox
follows: is checked, the schedule item is active. The others are as
• Run Definition – tells the analyzer which run definition to
associate with the given schedule item.
• Frequency – tells the analyzer how frequent
frequent the schedule
schedule
item is to run. Choices from the pull down menu in this
column are Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, or Yearly.
• Time – for daily, weekly,
weekly, monthly,
monthly, and yearly
yearly schedule items,
items,
this column allows the user to schedule what time the
schedule item is to run at.
• Day – for weekly, monthly, and yearly schedule
schedule items, this
allows the user to set what day to run the schedule item. For
weekly schedule items, the pull down menu in this column
will contain the days of the week, while for monthly and
yearly schedule items, the pull down menu in this column will
contain the numbers 1-31.
• Month – for yearly items, allows the user to set which month
the scheduled item should run.
• Global Data – if the scheduled item is GDP dependent
dependent (see
Section 5.5.4.4.2), the GDP dependency will be shown in
this column. The scheduled item can then be scheduled
normally.
The
how serial portsports
the serial section of theThere
operate. PLGCare
software allowsofthe
three types userports
serial to change
– one
Revision 8b 5-71 11/10/2005
The serial port setup window allows the user to configure the speed of the
serial connection, as well as other parameters that may be required for the
software to correctly communicate with the analyzer. The default settings
will work for nearly all standard communications setups, so do not make
any changes to these setups except after consultation with Galvanic
service staff.
5.5.6 Modbus
Archive Setup is the section of the software where the user can configure
the archives, telling the analyzer what data and Global Data Point values
to store in archives for reading in the Archive Reader (Section 5.4.2). The
archive setup window is shown in Figure 5-36. The archive setup window
is dominated by a table with 8 columns. The last four columns, which
reference alarms, do not currently work as the alarm feature for GDPs has
not yet been incorporated into the software. The first column simply shows
the Item Number, which is just the sequence of the Global Data Points in
the archive. The second shows the Global Data Points that will be stored
in a given archive. The third is titled Absolute Change Trigger. If the
5-72
checkbox is checked for any one GDP in this column, this will cause a
record to be added to the whole archive when the condition in the
following column, Absolute Change Amount, is met.
For an absolute change trigger to work, the value of the given GDP must
change by an amount greater than or equal to the number in the Absolute
Change Amount column. It is recommended that there be no more than
one Absolute Change Trigger set in each archive, as this may result in
discrepant data in the archive. Also, because the absolute change trigger
causes a full record of all GDPs in the given Archive to be taken when the
Absolute Change Amount condition is met, there is no need for multiple
absolute change triggers in a single archive. Absolute Change Triggers
are best used to store results from every single analysis into the archive.
Below the table is a box marked Maximum Records for this Archive. This
allows the user to set how many records can be added to a given archive
before the data rolls over and starts overwriting older data. This value can
be any whole number greater than or equal to one, as long as the whole
archive does not exceed the total storage space on the analyzer. Storage
space is represented by the green bar at the bottom of the page. The
whole bar represents the total storage space in the analyzer, the green
box outlined in yellow shows the storage space taken up by the selected
archive, and the green boxes outlined in black show the storage space
taken up by all other archives stored in the analyzer’s memory. Directly
beside the ‘Maximum Records for this Archive’ box is a rectangular button.
For Absolute
However, Change Trigger
for set-frequency recorded
stored archives,
archives, thiswill
this button boxindicate
is blank.
the
Revision 8b 5-73 11/10/2005
amount of time that it will take to collect the given number of records.
Clicking on this button will show this time period in various formats.
Beside the ‘Maximum Records for this Archive’ box is a small table with
the headings Frequency, Time, Day, and Month. This table allows the user
to set up a set frequency for records to be added to the archive. The first
box, frequency, has several options accessible through a pull-down menu.
• None – for archives that will collect data through the use of
absolute change triggers.
• Hourly – to store
store data in an archive
archive every hour.
hour.
• Daily – to store
store data in an archive
archive every day.
• Weekly – to store data in an an archive
archive every week.
week.
• Monthly – to store
store data in an
an archive
archive every month
month
• Yearly – to store
store data in an archive
archive every year.
year.
• Other – to store data
data in an archive
archive at some other
other set interval.
interval.
This interval is set in the box below, entitled ‘Other Fixed
Interval’. This can be set to any number of hours, minutes,
and seconds.
The next cells in the table allow the user to enter in the time for recording
the archive (for daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly archives), the day (for
weekly, monthly, and yearly archives - for weekly archives this will be a
day of the week, for monthly and yearly archives it will be a date), and the
month (for yearly archives). The time can be typed in by the user, while
the day and month cells each contain a pull-down menu to make
selections.
At the bottom of the window are buttons that allow the user to either add
or delete archives. If a new archive is added, the user is prompted to enter
a name for the new archive, and then a blank archive screen appears. To
add GDPs to the archive, simply drag them from the Database-Additional
GDPs node into the archive window. To drag the Current Value of a GDP
into the archive, simply click on the GDP name in the Database and drag it
over into the archive. To drag hourly, daily, or monthly trends (averages,
maxima, minima) for any GDP into the archive, simply expand the GDP
node to find the trend values and drag the desired trend value into the
archive. Please note that, for best results, hourly, daily, and monthly
trends should be kept in separate archives with hourly, daily, and monthly
recording frequencies.
Once a new archive contains all the desired GDPs, it must be written to
the analyzer. If changes are made to an existing archive definition, the
confirmation box shown in Figure 5-37 appears before the new archive is
written to the unit.
5-74
The Process Monitor is a window that shows all of the processes that are
installed on the PLGC. The process monitor is accessed by clicking the
button that is found in the rows of buttons at the top of the screen. The
Process Monitor is shown in Figure 5-38.
Most of the information present in the process monitor is valuable only for
debugging purposes. However, it is useful to see a) which processes are
running, and b) what the revision numbers of all the processes are. The
column marked ‘State’ shows the current state of a process. The possible
states are as follows:
• Blocked/Running – the process is running normally.
•Terminated – the process
process has been ‘killed’.
‘killed’.
•Pending – the process
process is a newly installed
installed process that
that needs to be
started.
Right-clicking on a process that is marked ‘Blocked’ or ‘Running’ will bring
up a menu with only one option – ‘Kill Current Process’. Selecting this
option will cause the process to be killed or ‘terminated’, and the State of
the process in the process monitor will be updated to reflect this fact. The
only reason to terminate a process is if the process is suspected to be
malfunctioning in some way. For example, if the LCD display on the front
of the PLGC is observed to freeze up, terminating and restarting the
Display process may un-freeze the display. If a ‘Terminated’ process is
right-clicked, another menu will be brought up. This menu will have two
options – ‘Remove Current Process’ or ‘Restart Current Process’. Do NOT
select the Remove option, but instead restart the process. IMPORTANT:
Terminating and/or removing processes will cause the PLGC to stop
working correctly. Only terminate a process if it seems to be
malfunctioning, and immediately restart it.
Factory mode is the mode in the PLGC software that allows the user to
make changes to the firmware on the PLGC. To enter factory mode, click
on the ‘Tools’ menu at the top of the screen, and select ‘Factory’ mode. A
password is required to enter factory mode – by default this is ‘fact’. Once
in factory mode, the user can make changes to the firmware that allows
the PLGC to operate. To add or replace processes, click the Update
Firmware ( ) button at the top of the screen – this will bring up a pop-up
window such as the one shown in Figure 5-39.
Ensure that the name of the process being replaced is the same as the
name of the process being written. The new firmware will then be written
to the analyzer. The updated process then needs to be started, so return
to the Process Monitor. Find the process with the ‘Pending’ state, right-
click on this process, and select ‘Start Current Process’.
To add a new process, select the new Firmware to be added to the PLGC
and choose the ‘Add New Process’ option in the Update Firmware
window. The new process then needs to be started in the Process
Monitor, as before. Before a new process can be seen and configured in
the Devices tree on the left side of the screen, the user must log off and
then log back in to the analyzer. Typically, the only processes that may
need to be added to a PLGC once it has been configured at the factory
may be more Mole Weight Calculators or Cross Calculators, for things
such as Wobbe Index or Real BTU calculations.
Real BTU is a measure of the real BTU content of natural gas. The BTU
content values in the component table are based on the assumption that
different than the calculated ideal BTU value. The variance between the
volume of an ideal gas and that of a real gas at a given temperature and
pressure is known as the compressibility factor. The following instructions
will let the user set up the PLGC to calculate both Compressibility Factor
and Real BTU. These instructions assume that the Components Table
contains only columns for the Heating Value and Specific Gravity.
11. Go to the
th e third 'Unknown
' Unknown Process Name'
Nam e' mole weight Calculator.
Calculat or.
Call this 'Calculation Factor'. Assign the Analysis Thread ID, select
Calculation Factor for the Component Table Column, and again
ensure that the Normalize box is checked. Write this update to the
analyzer.
12. Select the 'Database' tab on the bottom of the directory tree. Select
the 'Global Data Points' node, and under this node, select
'Additional GDPs'. Right click and select 'Create new Global Data
Point' on the pull down menu. Give this GDP the name 'STR 1
Summation', and click OK.
13. Repeat step 12 5 more times, giving the GDPs the following names
– STR 1 Z Calculation,
Calculation, STR 1 Calculation
Calculation Factor, STR 1 Base
Pressure, STR 1 Compressibility, and STR 1 Real BTU. Press the
Write To Unit button to upload the changes to the database to the
unit.
14. Repeat steps 12 and 13 two more times, replacing STR 1 with REF
and CAL as the prefix for each GDP.
15. Repeat Steps 12 and 13 for any additional streams on the analyzer
– replacing
replacing the STR
STR 1 prefix
prefix with STR
STR 2, STR
STR 3, etc.
16. Return to the 'Devices' tab, and select 'Cross Calculators' under the
Setup-Support Apps nodes - there should be 2 'Unknown Process
Name' listed.
17. Select the
t he first
fi rst Cross Calculator. Give it i t the name 'Z Factor
Calculation'. At the top right of the screen will be a boxed in set of
pull down menus with the title 'Calculation'. From the first pull down
menu, select Summation. Ensure the 'Normalized' box is checked.
Press the button beside the second pull down menu until a
multiplication sign is seen. From the second pull down menu, select
Summation. Ensure it's normalized. Push the button beside the 3rd
pull down menu until it shows a multiplication sign, and select 'Base
Pressure' from the 3rd pull down menu. Check the Normalized box.
Make sure the 4th pull down menu says 'Disabled'. Write these
changes to the unit.
18. Select the second cross
cros s calculator. Give
G ive it the name 'Real BTU'. In
the Calculation box, select 'Cross-Calculator (Thread ID XX)' in the
first pull down menu. To determine the thread ID of the Z-Factor
Calculation cross calculator, right-click on the Z Factor Cross
Calculator in the Devices tree, and choose ‘Details’ from the pop-up
menu. An information window such as the one shown in Figure 5-
41 will appear. The Thread ID is seen as the fourth entry under the
heading ‘Information from Unit’.
Revision 8b 5-79 11/10/2005
19. Press the button left le ft of the second pull down menu until unti l the
addition sign is seen. Select Z Factor from the second pull down
menu. Press the button left of the third pull down menu until the
multiplication sign is seen. Select 'Heating Value' (or whatever your
BTU Mole Weight Calculator is called) from the third pull down
menu. Again, ensure the Normalized check box is checked beside
all three pull down menus, and that the fourth pull down menu says
'Disabled'. Write changes to the unit.
20. Select the third
thir d cross-calculator.
cross-calculator . Give it the name
nam e ‘Compressibilit
‘Compressibility’.
y’.
In the Calculation box, select ‘Calculation Factor’ in the first pull
down menu. Press the button left of the second pull down menu
until the subtraction sign is seen. Select ‘Cross Calculator (Thread
ID XX)’ in the second pull down menu. There will be two Cross
Calculators to choose from – the correct Thread ID can be
determined by right-clicking on the Z-Factor Cross Calculator in the
Devices tree and bringing up the Thread Information Window, as
shown in Figure 5-41. Ensure that the Normalized check box is
checked beside both of these pull down menus, and ensure that the
third and fourth pull down menus say ‘Disabled’. Write changes to
the unit.
21. Log off, then log back on to the PLGC, again choosing Update
mode.
22. Under the Setup node in the directory tree, select 'Streams'.
23. Return to the
t he Database tab, and go back tot o the 'Additional
'Additi onal GDPs'
node.
24. Drag the 'STR' STR 1 Summation' GDP over o ver tot o the Stream 1
Components table, and choose ‘Summation Factors' from the pull
5-80
3. Press the button to the left of the second pull-down menu until an icon
indicating the operation ‘divided by the square root of’ is seen. In the
pull-down menu, choose Specific Gravity. Again, make sure that the
normalized checkbox is checked. Write changes to the unit.
4. In the database, add GDPs for Wobbe Index in all streams – i.e. STR 1
Wobbe Index, STR 2 Wobbe Index… CAL Wobbe Index, REF Wobbe
Index. Write the database changes to the unit.
5. Drag the Wobbe Index GDPs into their respective streams, and choose
‘Wobbe Index’ in the ‘Component Table Column’ column of the
Components section of the streams window. Ensure that this is
normalized in all streams. Write changes to the unit.
6. Create an archive or archives for Wobbe Index as per Step 28 of
section 5.6.2. Output Wobbe index to the Analog Outputs as per Step
27 of section 5.6.2.
.
5-82
Section 6
6 Maintenance
This section describes simple maintenance procedures that may be carried out in
the field. If difficulty is encountered performing any of the maintenance
procedures outlined in this section, technical assistance may be obtained from:
Your PLGC II gas chromatograph will provide reliable service with very
little attention. However, a weekly check-up will
will ensure that the analyzer
is operating according to specifications.
specificatio ns. The Weekly Check-up Report
(Section 6.9) should be filled in, dated and kept on file. These reports will
give a record of the analyzer's performance and will be useful in planning
gas bottle replacement schedules as well as in troubleshooting. Flows and
pressures are also recorded and should be adjusted as specified in the
Configuration Report. The column temperature and baseline reading
should also be recorded. If any of the diagnostic parameters are incorrect
Revision 8b 6-83 11/10/2005
Valve fittings
(numbered 1 – 10)
Mounting holes
Clamping screw
Notes
Remember which connections were made to which ports. Also
undo the air actuation line. This procedure also applies to 6-port
valves, if the analyzer is equipped with such valves.
Do not adjust the helium pressure, as this will cause the retention times of
the components to shift
Date: _______________
Checked By: _______________
Analyzerr Serial Number:
Analyze Number: ______________
_______________
_
Helium
Diagnostics
7 Troubleshooting
Problem Cause Corrective action
No flow when Cal. Is Solenoid does not Check that there is 24VDC at
initiated. energize solenoid. Check that solenoid is
wired to connector P5 terminals
1 and 2. If the solenoid still does
not energize, replace solenoid.
Section 8
Terms
Component – one specific species of the sample gas (i.e. methane, propane,
etc.).
Elution – the process of moving the separated
separated sample components
components completely
completely
through the stationary phase.
Mobile phase – an inert gas (helium) that carries the sample gas over the
stationary phase through the column. It is also referred to as the carrier gas.
Revision 8b 8-91 11/10/2005
Time = t2
Time = t3
The Thermal Conductivity Detector consists of four spiral wound filament wires
supported inside cavities in a metal block. A constant DC current is applied to the
filaments, which are arranged in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. When pure
carrier and reference gas are flowing across the filaments, the heat loss, and
thus filament temperature, is constant. This consistent filament temperature
produces a constant filament resistance. The currents in the electronic bridge
can be balanced to produce a zero signal level as a reference.
When a specific component enters the TCD with the carrier, the heat dissipated
from the filaments on the measured side changes. The amount of change is
dependent on the thermal conductivity of the gas, which is different for every
component in the sample. This change in heat dissipation causes a change in
electrical resistance, which leads to an imbalance in the electronic bridge. The
resulting electrical signal is then used in conjunction with a Response Factor (see
Appendix
Append ix B) to measure the concentration
concentration of the component.
component. Figure 8-3 shows
an example of the TCD filament configuration.
Peak
Baseline
tM - dead time: time for non-retained species to move through the column.
Section 9
Formulas for the response factor, as well as other calculations performed by the
PLGC II, are as follows:
9-96
Response Factor
While in the calibration mode the analyzer will measure several runs of the
calibration standard. An average response factor will be calculated as shown in
Definition of Terms. The response factor is used to calculate the concentration of
the components in a run as shown below:
Conc = RF * Area
n n n
Where: Concn = concentration of components n
RFn = response factor of components n
Arean = area of peak produced by components n
Heating Values
Dry BTU
The energy content of the gas in BTU / cubic foot is calculated as
follows:
Dry BTU / ft3 = ΣPn=1 [Concn * BTU / ft3n] / 100
Where: Dry BTU / ft3 = Dry BTU content per cubic foot of sample gas
Concn3 = Normalized concentration of component
Concn
BTU/ft n = BTU value of component n
P= Number of components in the analysis
Saturated BTU
Sat BTU / ft3 = Dry BTU / ft3 x 0.9826
3
Where: Sat
Dry BTU
BTU /ft
/ft3 =
= Saturated BTU content
Dry BTU content per foot
per cubic cubicoffoot of sample
sample gas gas
Revision 8b 9-97 11/10/2005
Wobbe Index
The Wobbe index is calculated as follows
Section 10
The BTU value of the C6+ peak should reflect the composition of the
sample. Several standard compositions are shown.
2.9755 3.4598 3.9441
4755.9 5502.5 6248.9
C6 C7 C8 BTU S.G. Summation Factor
1.00000 0
0..00000 0.00000 4756.0 2.9755 0.0792
0.47466 0.35340 0.17194 5276.5 3.3132 0.09305
0.50000 0.50000 0.00000 5129.2 3.2177 0.08725
0.50000 0.25000 0.25000 5315.8 3.3387 0.093775
0.57143 0.28572 0.14285 5182.5 3.2522 0.089828
NOTE: The Summation Factors are identical in the AGA and GPA Standards,
and are independent of the Base Pressure (14.696psia, 14.73psia).
Revision 8b 10-99 11/10/2005
AGA Parameters
AGA 2145-00
14.696 psia 60 F AGA 2145-00
14.73 psia 60 F
Component Dry BTU Constant S.G.
Component Dry BTU Constant S.G.
Argon 0.00 1.3793
Argon 0.00 1.3825
Carbon Dioxide 0.00 1.5196
Carbon Dioxide 0.00 1.5231
Ethane 1769.70 1.0382
Hydrogen Ethane 1773.79 1.0406
Sulphide 637.13 1.1767 Hydrogen
Sulphide 638.60 1.1794
Helium 0.00 0.1382
Helium 0.00 0.1385
Heptane 5502.60 3.4598
Heptane 5515.33 3.4678
Hexane 4756.00 2.9755
Hexane 4767.00 2.9824
Hydrogen 324.20 0.0696
Hydrogen 324.95 0.0698
Carbon Monoxide 320.50 0.9671
Carbon Monoxide 321.24 0.9693
i-Butane 3251.90 2.0068
i-Butane 3259.42 2.0114
i-Pentane 4000.90 2.4912
i-Pentane 4010.16 2.4970
Methane 1010.00 0.5539
Methane 1012.34 0.5552
n-Butane 3262.40 2.0068
neo-Pentane 3985.00 2.4912 n-Butane 3269.95 2.0114
neo-Pentane 3994.22 2.4970
Nitrogen 0.00 0.9672
Nitrogen 0.00 0.9695
n-Pentane 4008.70 2.4912
n-Pentane 4017.97 2.4970
Octane 6248.80 3.9441
Octane 6263.26 3.9532
Nonane 6996.20 4.4284
Nonane 7012.39 4.4386
Decane 7742.90 4.9127
Decane 7760.81 4.9241
Ethylene 1600.40 0.9686
Ethylene 1604.10 0.9708
Propylene 2333.70 1.4529
Propylene 2339.10 1.4563
Propane 2516.20 1.5225
Propane 2522.02 1.5260
Section 11
Section 12
iso-Butane
n-Butane 0.3
0.3 %
%
iso-Pentane 0.2 %
Revision 8b 12-105 11/10/2005
n-Pentane 0.2 %
n-Hexane 0.1 %
Class 1, Division 1, Groups ,C and D model (Explosion Proof)
Range 0 - 1 to 0 - 100 %
Components 16 Maximum
Response 15 Minutes to C6+
Linearity 1%
Repeatability 1%
Operating Temperature 0 to 50°C (Continuous Operation)
Max. Operating Temp. 50°C (Continuous Operation)
Humidity Maximum relative humidity 80% for temperatures up
to 31°C and decreasing linearly to 50% RH at 40°C
(Continuous Operation)
10%-90% (Intermittent Operation)
Altitude 2000 metres maximum
Electrical 110/220 VAC, 5 amps
Class 1 Div 1 Groups C and D
Temperature Code T3
Outputs 240/64 Line Backlit LCD
3 - Alarms (SPDT 5 Amps, 120 VAC)
1 - Fault (SPDT 5 Amps, 120 VAC)
4 - 4-20 mA
32 - additional isolated 4-20 mA outputs (optional)
3 - ModBus / Configuration port (2 RS 232, 1 RS 485)
A/D 3 - 24 Bit Sigma Delta
Sampling 60 HZ
Valve(s) Valco Model DV22 10-port / Model DV22 6-port
Columns See Configuration Report for details
Dimensions 30” H X 16” W X 9” D
Weight 70 pounds
Utilities
Sample 60
10 psig
to 100UHP
PSIHelium
Clean, @ 10gas
Dry cc/min
@ 50 cc/min
Pollution Degree 2
Installation Category II
Calibration Typical calibration gas.
Nitrogen 2.5 %
Methane Balance
Carbon Dioxide 0.5 %
Ethane 5.0 %
Propane 1.0 %
iso-Butane 0.3 %
n-Butane 0.3 %
iso-Pentane 0.2 %
n-Pentane 0.2 %
n-Hexane 0.1%
12-106