QUALIFYING EXAMINATION FOR APPLICANTS FOR JAPANESE

GOVERNMENT (MONBUKAGAKUSHO) SCHOLARSHIPS 2022

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
PHYSICS

Exercise List #3 (Solutions)

May 5, 2021

M.Sc. Thiago Felı́cio de Souza

felicio@fisica.ufc.br
1-1 Alternative A
According to the statement, it comes:

~v − ~vCM
CM
M m
(rest)
−~vCM
Ma
RCM =
m+M
Fig. 1-1

For one cycle 


Ma
2π
2πRCM m+M 2πa
T = = mv = .
v − vCM v− v
m+M
In this, the masses and the CM will have the same distance from the initial position of the string, so
 
mv 2πa 2πam
d = vCM T = = .
m+M v m+M
And tension will be
m(v − vCM )2 mM v 2
F = = .
RCM a(m + M )
1-2 Alternative A
Consider the following situation:
y

α
x
O x
Fig. 1-2

1
 The system CM does not shift, so

M x + m(0 − X) cos α + mx m cos α

0= =⇒ x = X.
m+M m+M
When X = `, x = m` cos α/(m + M ). For energy conservation
 2  2
1 2 1 m+M 1 (m + M ) sin α
mg` sin α = mg(` − X) sin α + M V + m V − V + m − V
2 2 m 2 m cos α
1 m2 + 2mM + M 2 sin2 α 2
   
1 2 M
mg sin αX = M V +1 + V
2 m 2 m cos2 α
M + m sin2 α
   
1 M 2
= +1 V
2 m cos2 α
mg sin α cos α mg sin α cos α
V2 =2 2 X =⇒ A = .
M + m sin α M + m sin2 α

Therefore s
m` cos α 1 mg sin α cos α 2 2`(M + m sin2 α)
= t =⇒ t = .
m+M 2 M + m sin2 α (m + M )g sin α

1-3 Alternative A
We will determine the gravity generated by a spherical shell of density ρ and with radii a and b > a,
for a < r < b. So
GM 4Gρπ(r3 − a3 )/3
g(r) = 2 = .
r r2
Be r = a +  (  a), then
4πGρ 3
g∼= (a + 3a2  − a3 ) = 4Gρπ,
3a2
i.e.
ω2
m¨ = −4mπGρ =⇒ ρ = .
4πG
1-4 Alternative C
The answer is straightforward: since r is much greater than r1 + r2 , the set of these rings behaves
like a particle with a net electric charge q1 + q2 , so, E(r) = k0 (q1 + q2 )/r2 .

1-5 Alternative C
By definition, work δW = p∆V (p and V denote pressure and volume, respectively). That is, it
depends on p and ∆V , therefore, work does not represent a state of matter in this context.

2-1 Alternative D
In t = 0 and t = 5 s, we have, x = 5 m e x = 80 m, respectively. The acceleration is a = 6 m/s2 .
Therefore, W = F d = ma∆x = 2 · 6 · (80 − 5) = 900 J.

2-2 Alternative D
The net force in block will be N − mg = m(g/2) =⇒ N = 3mg/2. Then
3 1 g 3
W = N ∆s = mg · · · t2 = mg 2 t2 .
2 2 2 8

2-3 Alternative C
in this case comes
∆A r2 ∆θ/2 1 L
= = r2 ω = ,
∆t ∆t 2 2m
where L = mωr2 .

2
2-4 Alternative C
Imediately will be g = G(M + 2M )/(3a)2 = GM/(3a2 ).
2-5 Alternative A
Being dM = ρdV , will have
Z R
ρdV 4πkGm
F = Gm 2
=− + constant,
R0 r R
and using the Newton‘s law
mv 2 4πkGm T
= =⇒ = constant.
R R R
3-1 Alternative B
According to Amagat law, the requested volume fraction will be 20%.
3-2 Alternative B
Being n1 + n2 = 1 mol, will have
0.2m 0.8m
+ = 1 =⇒ m ∼
= 0.0287 kg.
32 28
3-3 Alternative B
Using the perfect gas state equation, will have

1.012 · 105 V = 1 · 8.3145 · 273.15 =⇒ V ∼

= 0.0224 m3 .

3-4 Alternative B
Will be equal to
0.0287 ∼ 3
ρ= = 1.28 kg/m .
0.0224
3-5 Alternative B
Component gases have the same number of degrees of freedom, so γ1 = γ2 . Therefore
1 5 7
= =⇒ γ = .
γ−1 2 5

4-1 Alternative A
Nothing can, of course, overcome the sound barrier, so v > u + w.
4-2 Alternative C
By Doppler effect
(v − w)ν νu
ν+ = =⇒ ν+ − ν = .
v−w−u v−w−u
4-3 Alternative D
Analogous to what was done in the previous question, we have, ν− − ν = −νu/(v + w + u).
5-1 Alternative A
In D, the fields have the same module, but different direction. Such a direction is:

A B

D ~D
E

Fig. 5-3

3
5-2 Alternative B √ √
2
Being AD = BD = a 2, then, E+ = E− = kq/ a 2 = kq/(2a2 ) := E0 , therefore
√
√ 2kq kq
E = E0 2 = 2
=√ ,
2a 2a2
because AD ⊥ BD.

5-3 Alternative B
In C
kq k(−q)
VC = + =0
a a
and in D
kq k(−q)
VD = √ + √ = 0.
a 2 a 2
5-4 Alternative E √
Note that VC = 2kq/a and VD = 2kq/a, so
√
2
2− 2 kq
WCD = −q(VD − VC ) = .
a

5-5 Alternative E
The particle reaches the infinite with velocity equal to zero. The potential energy will also be zero.
Then s √
2
1 2 2kq 2 2kq 2
mvmin − √ = 0 + 0 =⇒ vmin = .
2 a 2 ma