Lab3 Antenna Measurements

Single Antenna Questions

 Check the S11, what is the percentage of the power transferred from the NanoVNA to the
antenna?
o e_r = ? = 1 - |Γ|^2
o Since no S12 -> S12 = 0 -> Γ = S11 ->
er = 1 - |S11|^2
o Matlab Code:

o er_avg = 0.5419%
o plot as seen on the right

 Bring one of your hands close to the antenna, do the results change? Why?
o Yes, S11 indeed changes as can
be seen in the plot on the right
o This is because S12 is not zero
anymore thus influencing S22, it
is not unilateral anymore
  Compare your measured results with your simulated results. Are there differences? Why?

I left out the one with interference for this question since the simulation also had no S12.

o There indeed are differences:

 the simulated results are much smoother, this is most probably due to the
lack of simulation of the cables, as RF signals are very sensitive to bends, and
any possible reflections back into the antenna, due to reflections in the
room.
 The resonance frequency is also a bit off, but this simply might be due to a
non-perfect material problems, not the exact same dimensions were chosen
for the simulation as the DUT.
2 Antenna Questions
 Think in terms of antenna alignment. If you look at the simulated 3D radiation pattern,
where does the antenna radiate the most and least energy?
 On the figure on the right on can see
the simulated far field of the dipole
antenna.
o As one can see it radiates
around the X axis in all
directions. For as long as the
width of the dipole.
o Least radiation happens in
the direction of (-)X.

 Can you think of a best and worst

transmission in terms of antenna
alignment? Verify this with
measurements.
 In the last question I mentioned in the x axis that the antenna rediates the least energy.
Therefore misaligning the 2nd antenna in such a way that it eventually aligns with this area of
low amounts of energy, the result can be seen below.
  Think in terms of what configuration would be ideal and what configuration would be the
worst in terms of maximum transmission? Verify this with measurements.
o Since the field is a linear one, in the direction of y. one can make transmission worse,
by turning the 2nd antenna 90 degrees, perpendicular to the 1st antenna, in theta, this
makes that the peak seen in the plot below (signal) completely disappears.

last question?