Section Cpp20 Coroutines Slides

Slides
Section : Coroutines
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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
Slide intentionally left empty
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C++20 Coroutines
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Concepts Ranges
Coroutines Modules
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• Coroutines are a generalization of functions in C++
• They are designed to make writing asynchronous
code much easier
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Function
• Can be called
• Can return something
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Coroutine
• Can be called
• Can return something
• Can be paused
• Can be resumed
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C++ user code
Coroutine types generator<T>
Coroutine Infrastructure C++20
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Lazy computations
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Coroutine workflow
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Functions
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Call stack
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Coroutines
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Coroutines : call stack [ pause –resume]
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Coroutine keywords
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Coroutine keywords can’t show up in these functions
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co_yield
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co_yield
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co_return
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co_await
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So how do we actually run this code?
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C++ user code
Coroutine types
Coroutine Infrastructure
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C++ user code
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Promise type Coroutine handle Awaiter
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Method Description
get_return_object(){} Return value of coroutine type
initial_suspend(){} Whether function is suspended upon

call
final_suspend(){} Whether coroutine state is destroyed
at last suspension point
Unhandled_exception(){} Handling exceptions thrown into
coroutines
Return_value(value){} Enables the co_return v; syntax
Return_void(){} Enables the co_return; syntax
Yield_value(value){} Enables the co_yield v; syntax
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Method Description
bool await_ready(){} Whether the co_await expression suspends.
If false is returned, then await_suspend is
called, to (mostly) suspend
void await_suspend(){} May suspend the coroutine, or schedule the
coroutine state for destruction
void await_resume(){} May return the result of the entire co_await
expression
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Awaitables
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Awaiter
It is possible to create your own awaiters, things that can act as

operands to the co_await operator, by setting up structs/classes that
overload the co_await operator
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Custom Awaitables
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• C++ 20 doesn’t provide actual usable coroutine types like CoroType
• It provides the low level infrastructure to build them (promises, awaitables,

coroutine handles,…
• Building your own coroutine types is not recommended. It’s only reserved
for hard core, highly experienced library developers who really know what
they’re doing
• It is expected that C++23 will provide high level coroutine types built into
C++, ready to use just by including some headers
• If you want to use them know, there are third party libraries that can help,
like cppcoro and some others
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co_await
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C++ user code
Coroutine types CoroType
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Keep in mind
• What we’re going to do here works for modern compilers with C++
20 enabled and support for coroutines
• gcc and msvc have been tested :

• gcc 10 and gcc 11 require the –fcoroutines switch
• msvc 2019 (version 16.8.3) and upwards don’t require any switch
• Online compilers are also a convenient option :

• https://wandbox.org is a good choice
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Awaitables
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Putting it all together
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co_yield
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C++ user code
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co_yield 2; co_await promise.yield_value(2);
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Awaitables
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Awaiter
It is possible to create your own awaiters, things that can act as

operands to the co_await operator, by setting up structs/classes that
overload the co_await operator
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Custom Awaitables
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co_return
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C++ user code
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• C++ 20 doesn’t provide actual usable coroutine types like generator<T>
• It provides the low level infrastructure to build them (promises, coroutine

frames, coroutine handles,…
• Building your own coroutine types is not recommended. It’s only reserved
for hard core, highly experienced library developers who really know what
they’re doing
• It is expected that C++23 will provide high level coroutine types built into
C++, ready to use just by including some headers
• If you want to use them know, there are third party libraries that can help,
like cppcoro
• Before we use cppcoro though, we need to build it and load it into our
C++ project
• In the next chapter, we explore basic info and knowledge you need to 62
create: and
The C++ 20 Masterclass use third party
From Fundamentals libraries in
to Advanced C++, Gakwaya
© Daniel like cppcoro
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Custom coroutine types :
Generator
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C++ user code
Coroutine types
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C++ user code
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Third Party Coroutine Types
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C++ user code
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• Cppcoro
• https://github.com/Quuxplusone/coro
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#include “third_party_coro_type.h”
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No function call operator in <unique_generator>
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Changing the interface of unique_generator
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Coroutines : Summary
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C++ user code
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• co_await
• co_yield
• co_return
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• C++20 doesn’t provide actual coroutine types for direct use
• It only provides an infrastructure to build them
• Good coroutine types are hard to build and get right
• It’s advised to at least start by using third party coroutine type

libraries and only build your own when you REALLY know what
you’re doing
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Slides

Coroutine types generator<T>

Coroutine Infrastructure C++20

Coroutine types generator<T>

Coroutine Infrastructure C++20

initial_suspend(){} Whether function is suspended upon

It is possible to create your own awaiters, things that can act as

• It provides the low level infrastructure to build them (promises, awaitables,

Coroutine types CoroType

Coroutine Infrastructure C++20

• gcc and msvc have been tested :

• Online compilers are also a convenient option :

Coroutine types generator<T>

Coroutine Infrastructure C++20

It is possible to create your own awaiters, things that can act as

Coroutine types generator<T>

Coroutine Infrastructure C++20

• It provides the low level infrastructure to build them (promises, coroutine

Coroutine types generator<T>

Coroutine Infrastructure C++20

Coroutine types generator<T>

Coroutine Infrastructure C++20

Coroutine types generator<T>

Coroutine Infrastructure C++20

• It only provides an infrastructure to build them

• Good coroutine types are hard to build and get right

• It’s advised to at least start by using third party coroutine type

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