Project Management

Lecture –Leveling - Crashing

Associate Professor, Anwar Mahmoud Mohamed
 DEVELOP SCHEDULE
(TOOLS & TECHNIQUES)

Resource Optimization Tech.: Tools & Techniques:

-Resource Optimization
Resource Leveling Techniques

After Leveling
Before Leveling
15 10

8
10
6

4
5
2

0 0
Mon. 1 Mon. 2 Mon. 3 Mon. 4 Mon. 5 Mon. 1 Mon. 2 Mon. 3 Mon. 4 Mon. 5

Project Time Management (v 1.0)

6.6 DEVELOP SCHEDULE
(TOOLS & TECHNIQUES)

Schedule Compression: Tools & Techniques:

Crashing -Schedule Compression

Total Duration (5wks)

A (3wks) 2000 $

B (2wks) 800$
Before Crashing

Total Duration (4wks)

A (2wks) 3200 $

B (2wks) 800$
After Crashing

Project Time Management (v 1.0)

 What is crashing?
• Scheduling compression through analyzing
costs and schedule trade-offs to obtain the
greatest compression for the least cost.
• Adding resources to critical path tasks.

www.ProjacsAcademy.com 4
 Crashing Case Study

The client wants the project to

be completed by August 26,
2006

5
The link between activity E and
activity H is a preferential relation
that could be removed

6
Resulting in shortening the
Project duration by 2 days

7
Activity B is the cheapest to crash on
The critical path. It will be crashed by
2 days

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Activity C is the second cheapest
Activity to crash at US$ 1,200/Day.
It will be crashed by 3 days

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When activity G which is the next
Activity to be crashed is crashed by
1 day, the whole network became
Critical.

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To reach the final required date of Cost of crashing
August 26, 2006, both activities G and The project by 10
H had to be crashed each by 2 days. days

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 Project Time/Cost Curve
130,000

128,000

126,000
Project Cost

124,000

122,000

120,000

118,000

116,000
25 27 29 31 33 35 37
Project Duration (Working Days)

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 Crashing Example- 1
Duration, Days Costs, $
Activity Dependency Normal Crash Normal Crash
A --- 6 4 6000 8000
B A 4 3 5000 5750
C ---- 8 7 8000 8500
D B&C 6 5 6000 8000
Which activities would you crash if your project budget was only $27000? What is the
new project duration?

What is the cost for a full compression? What is the project duration in this case?

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 Ex. Normal Time & Cost
0 6 6 10

A B
du=6 du=4 ES EF
0 6 6 10
0 0 Key

start
LS LF
0 8 10 16 TF

C D
du=8 Finish
du=6
Normal:
2 10 10 16
0 Duration= 16 days
2 Cost= 25 000 $

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 Ex. Cost Slope – First run

Cost R
Duration, Days Costs, $
Slope A
N
Activity Dependency Normal Crash Normal Crash
K
A --- 6 4 6000 8000 1000 $/day 2
B A 4 3 5000 5750 750 $/day 1
C Non-
---- 8 7 8000 8500 500 $/day
Critical
D B&C 6 5 6000 8000 2000 $/day 3

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 Ex. First Compression
1 5 6 8

A B B reduced 1 day at 750$,

du=5 du=3 A reduced 1 day at 1000$
1 5 6 8
0 0 Crashed (1):
Duration= 14 days
start Cost= 26 750 $

1 8 9 14
ES EF
C D
du=8 Finish
du=6
Key
1 8 9 14
0 0 LS LF
TF
Note: All activities are now critical and should be considered for further crashing

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 Ex. Cost Slope – 2nd run

R
Duration, Days Costs, $ Cost A
Slope N
Activity Dependency Normal Crash Normal Crash
K
One day
A --- 6 4 6000 8000 1000 $/day 2
remains
B A 4 3 5000 5750 750 $/day
Fully
C ---- Compressed
8 7 8000 8500 500 $/day 1
D B&C 6 5 6000 8000 2000 $/day 3

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 Ex. 2nd Compression
1 4 5 7

A B C reduced 1 day at 500$,

du=4 du=3 A reduced 1 day at 1000$
1 4 5 7
0 0
Crashed (2):
start Duration= 13 days
Cost= 28 250 $
1 7 8 13

C D
du=7 Finish
du=6

1 7 8 13 ES EF
0 0
Key
LS LF
TF

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 Ex. Cost Slope – 3rd run

R
A
Duration, Days Costs, $ Cost
N
Activity Dependency Normal Crash Normal Crash Slope
K
A --- 6 4 6000 8000 1000 $/day
Fully Compressed
B A 4 3 5000 5750 750 $/day
Fully Compressed
C ---- 8 7 8000 8500 500 $/day
Fully Compressed
D B&C 6 5 6000 8000 2000 $/day 1

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 Ex. 3nd Compression
1 4 5 7

A B D reduced 1 day at 2000$

du=4 du=3
Crashed (3):
1 4 5 7 Duration= 12 days
Cost= 30 250 $
0 0

start

1 7 8 12

C D
Finish ES EF
du=7 du=5
Key
1 7 8 12
0 0 LS LF
TF

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 Crashing Example- 2
Activit Dependenc Duration Resource Duration Cost Cost
y y Normal Man Crash Normal Crash $
(day) Power (Day) ($)
(Ma-01)

A Start 6 4 4 6000 9000

B Start 5 2 3 10000 12000
C A 2 1 2 1000 1000
D B 7 3 5 14000 20000
E C 10 2 9 50000 55000
F E 5 4 4 16000 20000
G Start 3 6 2 30000 31000

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 answer
• TP = 23 days CP = 127000
• TP = 22days CP = 128500
• TP = 21days CP = 130000
• TP = 20days CP = 134000
• TP = 19days CP = 139000
140000

135000

130000

125000

120000
19 20 21 22 23
 Crashing QUIZ
• Considering the below schedule, where P, Q and T are critical activities. In order
to shorten the project duration, which activity should be crashed first, assuming
cost is important:
Activity P
Activity Q
Activity R
Activity S

Normal Time Crash Time Normal Cost Crash Cost

P 8 6 8000$ 10000$
Q 5 4 8000$ 8500$
R 6 3 9000$ 15500$
S 3 1 5000$ 5800$
T 3 2 5000$ 6500$

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Schedule Compression:
Fast Tracking
Tools & Techniques:
-Schedule Compression

Total Duration (5wks)

A (3wks) 2000 $

B (2wks) 800$

Before Fast Tracking

Total Duration (4wks)

A (3wks) 2000 $

B (2wks) 800$

After Fast Tracking

Project Time Management (v 1.0)

 Resource Leveling
• It is used to address schedule activities that
need to be performed to meet specified
delivery dates, to address the situation where
shared or required resources are only
available at certain times or only available in
limited quantities, or to keep selected
resources usage at a constant level during
specific time periods of the project work.

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 Case Study
• A Contractor is required to complete a
painting job in 30 days.
• The job has been divided into 8 zones for
which each would require one painter per day
to complete the work.
• The duration for each zone has been
estimated based on work to be done.
• The Contractor has a resource limit of two
painters per day (16 man-hours/day).
The Current Status
After Resource Leveling