Week 6 - School Health & Womens' Health

Hand Hygiene
BSN315 Community Health Nursing
School Health & Women’s Health
AY 2023 2024
© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org

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Original material supplied by Health Protection Scotland. Responsibility for the editing and use of these materials lies with the individual and not Health Protection Scotland or Healthcare A2Z.
fchs.ac.ae
Hand Hygiene
Learning Outcomes
1. Identify school nursing & the goal of a school health program.

2. Describe the components of school health program.
3. Describe considerations in assessing the factors influencing the
health of school population.
4. Identify areas of emphasis at the primary, secondary, and tertiary
prevention.
5. State the main factors that negatively impact on the health of
women in the UAE and worldwide.
6. Identify health problems common to women.
7. Identify the nurse’s role in providing preventative health care for
women.
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© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org fchs.ac.ae
Hand Hygiene
School Health
12/4/2023 3 Protection Scotland or Healthcare A2Z.

Original material supplied by Health Protection Scotland. Responsibility for the editing and use of these materials lies with the individual and not Health
Hand Hygiene
School Nursing
School Nurses
• Facilitate positive students’ responses to normal
development;
• Promote health and safety;
• Intervene with actual and potential health problems;
• Provide case management services; and
• Actively collaborate with others to build student and
family capacity for adaptation, self management,
self advocacy, & learning.
(National Association of School Nurses 2010, Cited in Lundy & Janes, 2016)

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Goal of School Health
“Ensure children reach their full

academic and health potential through
health promotion, protection, and
surveillance activities”.
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School Nurse Services
The school nurse provides services to the entire

school population, which may include:
• Infants,
• Toddlers,
• Preschoolers,
• Children with special needs,
• Traditional school populations, and, to a limited
degree, adults within the school community.
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Roles of School Nurse
1. Health Services.
2. Health Education.
3. Healthy environment.
4. Physical Education
Activities.
5. Nutrition Services.
6. Staff Health Promotion
7. Counseling and
Psychological Services.
8. Parent and Community
Involvement.
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School Health Services
Assessment and Screening:
 Preschool entry assessment.

 Special appraisals for high risk
students or students referred by
other personnel.
 Routine screening.
 Monitoring chronic conditions
and treatment effects.
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Case Finding:
• Identification of infectious diseases.

• Identification of chronic diseases.
• Referral for diagnostic and
treatment services.
• Immunization surveillance.
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Counseling:
• Counseling to decrease health risks.
• Counseling regarding existing problems.
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Health promotion/ Illness

prevention:
• Immunization of non-immunized
students/staff
• Health teaching in and outside
of classroom
• Health promotion activities
(smoking cessation, weight
control)

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Case Management:
• Liaison with community services
• Referral, and follow up on referrals
• Fostering parental involvement
• Arranging transportation
Remedial / Rehabilitative Services:

• Speech therapy
• Physical therapy
• Behavior modification
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Nursing Procedures:
• Administration of medication.
• Development of care plans.
• Teaching procedures to other staff.
Emergency Care:
• First aid & first aid teaching
• Post emergency assessment
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Aims of School Nursing in Hand Hygiene
Abu Dhabi
1. Improve health knowledge, attitudes, and skills;

2. Improve health behaviors and health outcomes;
3. Improve educational outcomes;
4. Improve social outcomes

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Responsibility of Parents
Handand
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Teachers
Parents
• Have the primary responsibility for the
health of their children
• Reinforce health teaching at home
• Follow up on referrals
Teachers
• Motivate students in the development of
good health habits
• Observe students for signs of health
problems
• Assist with screening efforts
• May counsel students with health problems
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Assessing Health in the Hand
School
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Setting
Biophysical:
Maturation and aging, genetic
inheritance, physiologic function.
Psychological:
Relationships, peers, teacher- student,
teacher-teacher, parent-school,
discipline, grading practices, mental
illness.
Physical Environmental:
Health hazards, sanitation practices,
potential for disaster,…
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Assessing Health in the Hand
School
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Setting
Sociocultural: Culture & ethnicity, economic resources, abuse,

violence,…
Behavioral: Physical activity, substance use, safety practices,…
Health system: Funding and access
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Health Prevention
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School Health Prevention
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Women’s Health
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Women’s Health: Definition
“Health and illness issues that are unique to

or more prevalent or serious in women,
have causes specific to women, and occur
across the life span of women’s lives”.
Women have unique health needs:

a. They live longer than men.
b. Experience more chronic problems.
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Women’s Health
Is influenced by their:
1. Education.
2. Employment.
3. Poverty.
4. Marital status /family
configuration.
5. Reproductive health and risks.
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1. Education
• Education is positively correlated with
health status for both men and women.
• More women now a days have entered
professions traditionally dominated by
men. Example: engineering, law and
medicine.
Disparities between women and men:

According to WHO, Gender- based
inequalities such as education, income and
employment – limit the ability of girls and
women to protect their health.
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2. Employment
• The job market remains male-

dominated, with annual salaries differing
by gender.
• Traditional female occupations generally
pay less than comparable men’s jobs
and have fewer healthcare and
retirement benefits.
• Working women continue to assume
responsibility for child care, housework,
and elderly care.
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3. Poverty
Women earn less than men and as a result

account for two-third of all poor adults.
Factors that contribute to poverty:
• Gender wage gap
• Single motherhood
• Heads of households
• Teenage birth rates
• Lack of adequate, affordable child care
• Lack of enforcement of child support
payment.
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4. Marital Status
• The traditional role of the unemployed mother working in the

home has become a small minority.
• 1:8 women cares for a sick or aging relative.
• 2/3 of women are the major carer.
• 48% of mothers have no choice but to miss work when
their child is sick.
• 47% of these lose income when they do so.
• Families maintained by women with no husband
present are more likely to be poor.
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5. Reproductive Health and Risks
• Women at risk during pregnancy and childbirth, including the risks of

induced and spontaneous abortions.
• Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of

death in young women aged between 15 and 19 years old in developing
countries.
• Girls and women are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection due to a

combination of biological factors and gender-based inequalities,
particularly in cultures that limit women’s knowledge about HIV and their
ability to protect themselves.
• Violence is an additional significant risk to women’s sexual and

reproductive health and can also result in mental ill-health and other
chronic health problems.
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WHO Health Hazards for Women
• Physical and sexual violence.

• STDs.
• Malaria.
• COPD.
• Tobacco use is a growing threat
among young women.
• Mortality rates during pregnancy and
childbirth remain high in developing
countries.
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Common Health Conditions
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Maturation & Ageing

Pre-menopause:
• 3 to 5% of women may be affected
by premenstrual dysphoric
disorder.
• (PMDD): a condition of depressed
mood and irritability that interferes
with relationships and daily
activities.
Peri-menopause:
• Transition period associated with
different symptoms such as sleep
disturbances, anxiety, and
depression.
• Nurses should explore cultural
beliefs and behaviors related to
those conditions.
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Maturation & Ageing
Menopause:
• When women are without menses
for 12 month.
• Occur at around the age of 50 but
could occur earlier.
• Early menopause is associated
with risk of osteoporosis and
increase mortality risk.
Post-menopause:
• Increased risk of osteoporosis and
heart disease.
• Negative social attitudes.
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CHN Responsibility
• CHN may engage in advocacy to change negative

social attitudes to those conditions.
• CHN should assist women to deal effectively with
the effects of these negative attitudes and the
physical discomfort of menopause.
• CHN should be involved in educating women to
minimize the negative effects of those changes.
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Physiological Conditions
• Mortality rates due to coronary

heart disease is growing in women
as women’s roles in society (and
the related stresses involved) and
lifestyle habits, such as smoking,
obesity, Lipidemia, HTN...
• Other conditions: HIV,

osteoarthritis, cerebral vascular
accidents, diabetes, rheumatoid
arthritis, pulmonary diseases,
cervical cancer
Psychological Conditions Hand Hygiene
• Stress may contribute to the

development of many
diseases and increased
lifestyle behavioral risks such
as obesity, hypertension, and
mental health conditions
• Sources of stress include
interpersonal relations,
employment, financial status,
children, abuse, and the
health of other family
members.
Psychological Conditions Hand Hygiene
• Women more often internalize

emotional stress leading to disorders
such as depression & and anxiety.
• 10-25% of women experience
depression at some point in their lives.
• Women experience depression twice as
men and have more clinical symptoms.
• Risk factors for depression: hormonal,

poor coping, poverty, chronic illnesses..
• Other mental illness for women: eating

disorders, post-traumatic stress
disorder, chronic fatigue, schizophrenia.
Body Image and EatingHand Hygiene
Disorders
• Bulimia and anorexia are growing issues worldwide.
• In UAE, the problem is reflected in the fact that the levels of

anorexia in teenage girls are almost double those in Britain. An
Al Ain University study of 900 Arab girls aged between 13 and
19 found 1.8 percent were anorexic, compared with 1 percent of
British girls aged between 16 and 18.”
• According to a recent study conducted by Zayed University,

students in the UAE, three-quarters of young Emiratis have
body issues, and one in five is in need of clinical intervention.
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Primary Prevention
Promotes changes in lifestyle through behavioural therapies

and prevent the initial occurrence of the disease or injury.
• Maintaining a physically healthy body

• Prevent illnesses
• Smoking cessation
• Stress education
• Family planning
• Dietary teaching and exercise
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Secondary Prevention
• Aimed at early recognition and treatment of disease.

1. Screening: Routine screening procedures for breast and
cervical cancer.
2. Diagnosing and treating existing problems
• Referring women with identified health problems for medical
assistance.
• Problems include infertility, fertility control, menopause,
physical abuse
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Tertiary Prevention
Maximize recovery after an injury or illness including

rehabilitative care.
• Dietary education on low-fat, low-sodium diets or other

prescribed diets.
• Post-stroke exercise, speech, or occupational therapy.
• Nutritional counseling to support clients with HIV or AIDS
• Foot care, eye exams, and renal function studies in diabetic
clients.
• Swim therapy for clients with disabilities, and rheumatologic
or musculoskeletal health issues.
• Prevention of recurrence of STD, educating, counselling
and referring for contraceptive services

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Hand Hygiene

BSN315 Community Health Nursing

School Health & Women’s Health

© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org

1. Identify school nursing & the goal of a school health program.

12/4/2023 3 Protection Scotland or Healthcare A2Z.

© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org

Goal of School Health

“Ensure children reach their full

The school nurse provides services to the entire

School Health Services

Assessment and Screening:

 Preschool entry assessment.

School Health Services

• Identification of infectious diseases.

School Health Services

School Health Services

Health promotion/ Illness

© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org

School Health Services

Remedial / Rehabilitative Services:

School Health Services

1. Improve health knowledge, attitudes, and skills;

© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org

Sociocultural: Culture & ethnicity, economic resources, abuse,

Women’s Health: Definition

“Health and illness issues that are unique to

Women have unique health needs:

Disparities between women and men:

• The job market remains male-

Women earn less than men and as a result

• The traditional role of the unemployed mother working in the

• Women at risk during pregnancy and childbirth, including the risks of

• Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of

• Girls and women are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection due to a

• Violence is an additional significant risk to women’s sexual and

• Physical and sexual violence.

Common Health Conditions

Maturation & Ageing

Maturation & Ageing

• CHN may engage in advocacy to change negative

• Mortality rates due to coronary

• Other conditions: HIV,

• Stress may contribute to the

• Women more often internalize

• Risk factors for depression: hormonal,

• Other mental illness for women: eating

• Bulimia and anorexia are growing issues worldwide.

• In UAE, the problem is reflected in the fact that the levels of

• According to a recent study conducted by Zayed University,

Promotes changes in lifestyle through behavioural therapies

• Maintaining a physically healthy body

• Aimed at early recognition and treatment of disease.

Maximize recovery after an injury or illness including

• Dietary education on low-fat, low-sodium diets or other

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