BEAT

To identify the tempo of a piece, we need to discover its beat.

This is something we do instinctively when we tap our foot or
nod our head to the rhythm of the music.
4/4 bpm =81 (Andante)
 BEAT Is a constant and regular pulse or heartbeat that
we can find in most musical pieces.

4/4
bpm =118
(Allegretto)
TIME SIGNATURE
Most Western music is organized in repetitive patterns of
strong and weak beats, which are grouped into bars.

The meter of a piece of music is its basic rhythm* .

Meters can be classified by counting the number of beats

from one strong beat to the next.

"RHYTHM" IS THE PATTERN OF MUSIC .

TIME SIGNATURE
ls the symbol that tells you the meter of the piece in the
form of a fraction.
Top number indicates the number of beats in which
the measure is divided.
Bottom number indicates the note value which
equals one beat or subdivision (in relation to the
whole note).
TIME SIGNATURE
Pieces of music are divided into bars.
Bars are divided into beats.
Beats are divided into subdivisions.
 TYPES OF TIME SIGNATURES- I
1) According to the number of beats:

Duple time signature: it has 2 beats, 1st strong and 2nd

weak. E.g. ragtime, march, polka, merengue.

Triple time signature: it has 3 beats, 1st strong, 2nd

weak and 3rd weak. E.g. waltz, minuet, scherzo.

Quadruple time signature: it has 4 beats, 1st strongest,

2nd weak, 3rd strong and 4th weak. E.g. rock, pop
TYPES OF TIME SIGNATURES- I
 TYPES OF TIME SIGNATURES- II
2) According to the subdivision of the beat:

Simple time signature or binary subdivision: time

signature in which each beat can be divided into 2
parts. Top numbers are 2, 3 and 4.

Compound time signature or ternary subdivision: time

signature in which each beat can be divided into 3
parts. Top numbers are 6, 9 and 12.
TYPES OF TIME SIGNATURES- II
SIMPLE 2/4

3/4 4/4
COMPOUND 6/8

9/8 12/8
 TYPES OF TIME SIGNATURES- III
Mixed time signatures
These time signatures combine simple and compound beats,
which means that the bar cannot be divided into equal beats. Top
numbers are 5, 7, 11, etc. E.g. 5/4, 5/8, 7/4, 7/8, etc.
They are also called complex, irregular, odd, unusual or
asymmetric time signatures.

5/4
Add the bar lines:
Add the bar lines:
Draw in the notes, rests and rhythms to complete each measure
There are different hand or baton movement patterns for each time
signature according to its number of beats, as shown in this graph.

We will mark three eighth notes in each beat in compound time

signatures to differentiate them from simple time signatures.
BEAT AND TEMPO

BEAT
Is a constant and regular
pulse or heartbeat that we
can find in most musical
pieces.
TEMPO
Is the speed at which we play a
musical piece.
Is the speed of the beats.
BPM - BEATS PER MINUTE
Is the measurement unit for the tempo, and
it determines the song’s speed.

Is the number of beats played in one minute.

The quarter note is usually used as reference,

but it is also possible to indicate it with other
figures.

bpm =120 (Allegro)

METRONOME I​ s a device that produces regular ticks,
measured in beats-per-minute (bpm),
to help the performer keep the tempo
of a musical piece
 AND
RHYTHM TEMPO
(RELATED TO TIME SIGNATURE AND (RELATED TO THE BEAT)
THE NOTE / REST VALUES)