Greece

THE MOST IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHERS OF GREECE:

Sócrates (470 – 399 a. ...
Platón (427 - 347 a. ...
Aristóteles (384 - 322 a

PERSIAN WAR:
The Persian Wars began in 499 BCE, when Greeks in the Persian-controlled territory rose in the Ionian Revolt.
Athens, and other Greek cities, sent aid, but were quickly forced to back down after defeat in 494 BCE.
Subsequently, the Persians suffered many defeats at the hands of the Greeks, led by the Athenians.As a result of
the allied Greek success, a large contingent of the Persian fleet was destroyed and all Persian garrisons were
expelled from Europe, marking an end of Persia's advance westward into the continent. The cities of Ionia were
also liberated from Persian control.The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of
conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449
BC.The Persian Wars were sparked when Athens and Eretria sent aid to the Ionians in their revolt against Persia
in 498 BCE. Persian anger was further stoked when Persian envoys demanding Greek submission to Persia were
murdered by Athens and Sparta. The Ionian Revolt ended in 493 BCE.His army was defeated at the Battle of
Plataea in 479 and driven from Greece, and the navy met a similar fate at Mycale on the Anatolian coast.
Sporadic fighting went on for 30 more years, during which Athens formed the Delian League to free the Ionians.
The Peace of Callias (449) ended the hostilities.

PELOPONESIAN WAR:
When Sparta decided to challenge the authority of Athens, war broke out primarily in the Peloponnese, a region
of southern Greece. Although Athens was at a major advantage due to their maritime commerce and naval
power, Sparta was ultimately victorious.The Peloponnesian War ended in victory for Sparta and its allies, but
signaled the demise of Athenian naval and political hegemony throughout the Mediterranean. Democracy in
Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE as a result of its poor handling of the Peloponnesian War.

And have 4 causes:

Sparta was jealous of other powers and desired more power for itself.
Sparta was unhappy at no longer having all the military glory.
Athen bullied its allies and neutral cities.
 There was a conflict among city-states between competing political ideologies.

On one side was the naval power of Athens, and on the other was a mighty army of Sparta, each heading an
alliance that involved nearly all Greek city-states. Thus, the Peloponnesian War engulfed the entire Greek world.
After years of brutal struggle, both on the land and on the sea, Sparta emerged victorious.

ALEXANDER THE GREAT:

Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), also known as Alexander III of Macedonia or Alexander “The Great”, was a
Macedonian king who conquered the Greek world, the Persian Empire, Egypt and India and formed the largest
empire in Antiquity.C in Pella, Macedonia and died on June 13, 323 BC. C in Babylon. Alexander the Great is
one of the most famous figures of all time. His actions led him to create a great universal State that practically
reached the limits of the ecumene, that is, the known earth.When the generals asked the king on his deathbed to
whom he wanted to bequeath his empire, some noted that he stated "Krat'eroi," meaning "to the strongest."
Others claimed that he actually meant "Karter'oi", "to Craterus", one of the commanders of his army.The invading
troops led by Alexander were outnumbered by more than 2:1, however, they defeated the army personally led by
Darius III of Achaemenid Persia. The battle was a decisive Macedonian victory and marked the beginning of the
end of Persian power.

FAMOUS ESCULPTURES OF GREECE:

Los Carios de la Acrópolis:

El Discóbolo de Mirón
La venus de milo:

EPAMINONDAS:
Epaminondas was a Greek general and politician of the 4th century BC. C., who converted the polis of Thebes
into the new hegemonic power of Greece, replacing Sparta.

THE BATTLE OF MARATHON:

The Battle of Marathon was an armed confrontation that defined the outcome of the first medical war. It
occurred on September 12, 490 BC. C. and took place in the fields and beach of the city of Marathon, located a
few kilometers from Athens, on the east coast of Attica.

MINOTAUR:
The Minotaur is a monster from Greek mythology, with the body of a man and the head of a bull. His name
means "Bull of Minos", and he was the son of Pasiphae and the Bull of Crete.

PERICLES:
Pericles was an important Athenian jurist, magistrate, general, politician and orator during the city's golden age.

HELOTS:
In ancient Greece the helots were the servants of Sparta, more specifically they were the slaves of the
Lacedaemonians.

HOMER 1.0:
Homer Jay Simpson is the protagonist of the animated television series The Simpsons. He is the father of the
protagonist family and one of the most important central characters in the series.

HOMER 2.0:
Homer is the name given to the aedo to whom the authorship of the main Greek epic poems is traditionally
attributed: the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Differences in architecture of Doric, Ionic and Corinthian

Art:
Compared to the Doric order, the Ionic order is typically more slender and its capital is more ornate, featuring
volutes (curved ends, resembling rams' horns). The Corinthian order's most distinguishing feature is its capitals,
which feature acanthus leaves.

DOA ZERRAD OUALD EL HAJ.