Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Draft 1
Draft 1
Quinn Benson
Dr. Bergholtz
Composition II
25 February 2024
1. Introduction
Secondary trauma, also known as vicarious trauma, is a phenomenon that occurs when
therapists, or other trauma workers, gain PTSD-like symptoms from their client's own trauma;
avoidance, anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and insomnia amongst others. This can cause
numerous issues between therapist and client. If the therapist develops these symptoms from
experiencing secondary trauma, it could affect the quality of their work. This is extremely
important as therapists work with people who have poor mental health, and if they don’t get the
appropriate help, or get help from someone with more cynical and depressing views, their mental
health won’t get any better. Fortunately, there are numerous precursors to acquiring secondary
trauma: poor mental health, unhealed past traumatic experiences, lack of a support system, being
younger, and even less time practicing self care (Sodeke-Gregson). Luckily there are many ways
to prevent or lower the risk of getting secondary trauma: work-life balance, socializing, being in
nature, practicing physical self-care, and going to therapy (Hesse). Unfortunately there is a lack
of awareness about this phenomenon – even though a large number of therapists, about seventy
percent, are at high risk for contracting secondary trauma (Sodeke-Gregson). This is especially
obvious in online spaces for therapists. Specifically, the subreddit r/Therapists. There is an
extreme lack of mentions about secondary trauma, or vicarious trauma, by name. After searching
for secondary trauma within the subreddit, I was able to find roughly nine comments after
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scrolling for numerous minutes. In this paper, I aim to identify the reasoning behind why
secondary trauma isn’t discussed more frequently in online spaces for therapists, and to mention
preventative measures along with coping skills on personal as well as organizational levels when
2. Methods
The online community I used was the subreddit r/Therapists. As of writing this, there are
ninety-seven thousand members. This subreddit only allows mental health professionals –
therapists and people with similar jobs – or students in the process of becoming a professional to
post here. Though, it is all anonymous posting. There is a system Reddit uses in place of likes
and dislikes. Instead of likes, users can “upvote” a comment or post to make it be seen by more
individuals, and there are “downvotes” that do the opposite. There are rules against fighting,
anti-therapy talk, and where to post about burnout. A moderator bot – AutoModerator – makes a
post every week titled “Weekly burnout check in” where therapists or students can comment on
their feelings of burnout or stress within their job (MattersOfInterest). However, there are posts
that mention burnout and other distressing feelings outside of this post. Those posts, specifically
ones that mention vicarious trauma or secondary trauma are where I am collecting my data. This
is because the specific burnout thread weekly doesn’t mention secondary trauma, and instead
I was able to find posts about secondary trauma within this subreddit through the search
bar feature, and searched the terms “secondary trauma” or “vicarious trauma” specifically. Using
this feature I have been able to find two posts that speak specifically about their experience with
secondary trauma, or worries that they may have secondary trauma themselves, and a post that
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opens up discussion for therapists to talk about their experiences with secondary trauma. I was
able to model my analysis after the “‘Real Men Grill Vegetables, Not Dead Animals’: Discourse
Representations of Men in an Online Vegan Community” article. In the article the authors collect
data and analyze it based on a set criteria (Brookes, Małgorzata). The criteria I am assessing the
data on is: time of post and responses to post (upvotes, downvotes, and/or comments). I aimed to
use these posts and chosen criteria to identify a reasoning for the seeming lack of awareness
about this issue that therapists have, as well as to comment on coping and prevention skills.
When looking into this, I originally assumed it would be a frequently discussed topic
considering the severity of the symptoms. Shockingly, I was only able to find a few responses
that discuss one's personal issues with secondary trauma. The first post I was able to find was
written by ENgeek.
“Hey gang, I’m really hesitant to post this due to my own toxic masculinity, but I think
I’m struggling with my secondary trauma. I used to do TFCBT cases for the department
of children’s services. I left a few months ago due to stress and the 24/7 schedule. My
new job is way more chill, but I’m still struggling with nightmares over what I saw and
heard. It was literally every night this week. I don’t have intrusive thoughts or panic
attacks, [it’s the] dreams [that] are getting in my way. I haven’t staffed with anyone (or
even mentioned this at all) because... reasons. Doctors are the worst patients, so I know
better than to just trust my own judgment that this will pass. Is it time to talk to
someone?”(ENgeek).
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This post is five years old, with thirty-one upvotes and eleven comments. Considering the
subreddit is still currently active and posts are frequent, this is an old post. When looking at other
posts on the subreddit, this post has very little engagement as well (MattersOfInterest). The
commenter mentions his own issues with toxic masculinity, as well as his symptoms of
secondary trauma specifically. ENgeek mentions specifically that he was hesitant to post because
of his “own toxic masculinity” as well as other unspecified reasons for not mentioning this to
people in his own personal life. Anastasia Pollock, a licensed therapist, theorizes the reasoning
behind people mentioning their own experiences with secondary trauma. “I think that as
therapists, we are just as guilty of holding ourselves to a ‘higher standard’” (Pollock). Looking at
the sentence “doctors are the worst patients,” I am inclined to believe that he is holding himself
to a higher standard as a patient – assuming he should be better than he is. If that is to be held as
truth, then I would also assume he is hesitant to comment on his experience for the same reason.
ENgeek assumes that as a therapist he should be better and not struggle with this secondary
trauma, even though a large number of therapists experience the same thing (Sodeke-Gregson).
“I wanted to reach out and see whether or not I need to reach out to work with someone
on some vicarious trauma that I might have picked up along the way as part of my work
as a therapist. I’ll preface this all by saying that whenever I’ve gone to workshops or
heard people talk about vicarious trauma, secondary PTSD, etc. I never felt like it was
something that I [had experienced] personally. However, during a recent training, the
facilitator made a comment that really resonated with me and was the first time I had ever
thought I might need to work with someone on some of my own vicarious trauma. The
thing that grabbed my attention was when the facilitator mentioned times when you
might struggle with issues related to concentrating, staying on task, or losing your train of
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thought. This I had experienced a little bit lately. And I say this as someone who has
never been diagnosed with ADHD, or really struggled with the symptoms in the past. All
This post is two years old with thirteen upvotes and nine comments. This unknown
commenter is asking for advice on whether they should seek help for secondary trauma. They
comment on symptoms of secondary trauma and focus on their experience and specific
symptoms. In contrast to the previous extract, this user seems to have zero hesitancy for
communicating about their secondary trauma. This could be for a multitude of reasons, but due
to the poster talking about attending various workshops and training, I would assume it is
because of their workplace. The article “Vicarious Trauma, Secondary Traumatic Stress or
Simply Burnout? Effect of Trauma Therapy on Mental Health Professionals” mentions that a lot
of therapists who are noted to have secondary trauma also have issues within their workplace
(Devilly, Grant et al.). I believe that the lack of hesitancy or worry about talking about their
secondary trauma comes from the workplace discussing the issue regularly.
“After hearing an absolutely horrific tale of abuse that I will never repeat, I had intrusive
thoughts that included visuals of what I imagined the abuse looked like (or one major part
of it at least). I avoided all triggers that reminded me of it which was impossible and
heartbreaking for the reason that a supportive figure in my daily life was a trigger. I had
these sort of fake flashbacks intensely for 6 months or so. It started to get better but I still
feel sick when I'm reminded of it and have occasional intrusive thoughts since, but I no
longer need to avoid triggers. This originally happened 3 years ago. I did not seek any
help and promised myself to never talk about it because I did not want to transfer the
horrific image to anyone else's brain so I waited it out on my own. That's what I went
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through that I'd call vicarious trauma. ETA the intrusive images started as multiple times
a day, almost constant and consuming my thoughts. Then it dwindled to several times a
week and continued to weaken from there. I did my best to shake the images out. They do
reappear at times like right now as I write about it but usually not without a trigger, so
maybe once or twice every few months. Just to give context to frequency.” (Its_all-good)
This comment from by iwantyour99dreams from a year ago is a part of a larger comment
thread originally posted by Its_all-good. The poster’s comment has 12 upvotes, and the original
post has 25. This commenter states they “did not seek any help and promised myself to never
talk about it because I did not want to transfer the horrific image to anyone else's brain so I
waited it out on my own” as well as stating that their experience with secondary trauma was
three years old at time of posting. From their wording, it can be inferred that the poster struggles
with feelings of guilt in their life, which leads to them not wanting to put their problems onto
other people. This is something that therapists regularly struggle with (Pollock). Feelings of guilt
tend to come from poor mental health, which is an indicator for someone being susceptible to
secondary trauma (Smith). This feeling of guilt could be another reason why therapist’s aren't
outside of work in a way which would interfere with being fully present in my real life. I
am really struggling right now with transference/ countertransference with a certain client
of mine and I feel more attached to him than others; sometimes it feels like our sessions
are moving a plot forward like in a TV show that [is] ultimately not going to end well. He
has horrific trauma and I relate to him in a way thats not appropriate to self disclose,
especially because it's so raw for him. But when he talks about his experiences I find my
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own anxiety, hypervigilance and "stuff" getting pulled up after the sessions. In our
sessions I have to fight against the urge to take care of him and instead focus on how to
empower him. And after those particular sessions where he really gets honest, vulnerable
and cries like a kid I have to pull it together to be the rock to his wave.” (Its_all-good).
This comment from by tiessa73 from a year ago is a part of a larger comment thread
originally posted by Its_all-good. The poster’s comment has 21 upvotes, and the original post has
25. This user mentions struggling with their own mental health issues – anxiety and
hypervigilance – after sessions with a specific client. Struggling with mental health issues while
also talking to clients who struggle with the same mental health issues is a direct cause for
secondary trauma (Smith). This user also mentions in a reply to themself that they are “definitely
discussing this one in supervision” (Its_all-good). This shows that despite the workplace having
staff that the user can go to for issues with secondary trauma, mental health issues alone are the
precursor for this user. However, the user is able to communicate about their issues with
secondary trauma.
Outside of these comments, and when scrolling through the larger subreddit as a whole, I
was unable to find more examples of secondary trauma in therapists from personal experiences.
This could be for a myriad of reasons, but I propose that because of the examples given that the
main reason for lack of posts is therapists holding themselves to a higher standard and neglecting
their own mental health struggles as well as feeling guilty for asking for help if they need it
(Pollock). This goes directly against everything that people use to cope with secondary trauma,
or prevent it in the first place. Amy Hesse states numerous personal coping mechanisms in her
article: work-life balance, physical self-care, being in nature, spirituality, socializing, therapy,
and normalization of the occurrence of secondary trauma (Hesse). She also mentions things
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organizations can do to help their therapists: providing safe spaces at the place of work and
4. Reflection
This paper shows that the reactions to secondary trauma are significantly more nuanced
than if they communicate about it openly or not. Especially considering that every individual
experiences different symptoms and levels of severity. These comments do show the different
levels of severity in secondary trauma that therapists face and what it could potentially do to their
clients. Specifically commenter tiessa73 who shows how her own mental health issues and issues
with secondary trauma are causing her to employ more effort than regular to talk with her client
successfully. More studies need to be conducted to see how aware therapists are about secondary
trauma in their own lives, and then even more to deduce what causes therapists to not talk about
their issues with secondary trauma. However, I do believe that I was able to pinpoint a specific
reasoning for lack of openness about secondary trauma in the therapists lives. Poor mental health
that presents as guilt or anxiety can cause people to isolate themselves when they are in need of
counseling, as well as factors like toxic masculinity that can halt masculine people specifically
from communicating with others about their struggles. I believe that if people were more open
about their experiences with their own mental health that topics such as secondary trauma
wouldn’t be so unknown, and people would be able to receive help before even becoming at risk
for secondary trauma in the first place. This can be done in numerous ways, but it starts on a
personal level by assessing one’s own mental health before choosing to work around people who
Works Cited
Brookes, Gavin, and Małgorzata Chałupnik. “‘Real Men Grill Vegetables, Not Dead Animals’:
Devilly, Grant et al. “Vicarious Trauma, Secondary Traumatic Stress or Simply Burnout? Effect
of Trauma Therapy on Mental Health Professionals.” Australian & New Zealand Journal of
https://www.reddit.com/r/therapists/comments/bsaj6c/secondary_trauma_question/
Hesse, A.R. “Secondary Trauma: How Working with Trauma Survivors Affects Therapists”.
Its_all-good. “What does vicarious trauma feel like?” Reddit, R/Therapists, 2023.
https://www.reddit.com/r/therapists/comments/xter9a/what_does_vicarious_trauma_feel_like/
www.goodtherapy.org/blog/secondary-trauma-therapists-guide-0814135.
Smith, Annemarie J M et al. “How therapists cope with clients' traumatic experiences.” Torture :
quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture, vol. 17, 3
(2007): 203-15.
stress in UK therapists who work with adult trauma clients.” European Journal of
https://www.reddit.com/r/therapists/comments/u0w56d/vicarious_trauma/