a ≠ 0.

(b) 111101112 (c) If n – 5 2n, then n –5.

4. (a) 111100012 (b) 14315 (d) If m n 1, then m2 n2.
(c) 4637 (d) 3618
5. (a) 101012 (b) 4427 (c) 569 2. (a) Antecedent: x is an even number.
6. (a) True (b) True (c) False Consequent: x2 is an even number.
7. 269 (b) Antecedent: set K = φ.
8. 39 Consequent: n(K) = 0.
9. y = 105 (c) Antecedent: x is a whole number.
10. (a) 658, 1101102 Consequent: 2x is an even number.
(b) 1768, 10035 (d) Antecedent: A straight line AB is a tangent to
11. 1325 a circle P.
12. 558 Consequent: A straight line AB touches the circle
13. 427 P at one point only.
3. (a) k is a perfect square if and only if √k is a whole
CHAPTER 3 Logical Reasoning number.
(b) P Q = P if and only if P Q.
Self Practice Self (c) pq = 1 if and only if p = q–1 and q = p–1.
Practice 3.1a (d) k2 = 4 if and only if (k + 2)(k – 2) = 0.
1. (a) Not a statement. Because the truth value cannot
be determined. 4. (a) If PQR is a regular polygon, then PQ = QR = PR.
(b) A statement. Because it is true. If PQ = QR = PR, then PQR is a regular polygon.
(c) Not a statement. Because the truth value cannot (b) If m n is an improper fraction, then m n.
be determined.
If m n, then m n is an improper fraction.
(d) A statement. Because it is true.
(e) Not a statement. Because the truth value cannot (c) If 9 is the y-intercept of a straight line y = mx + c,
be determined. then c = 9.
2. (a) 40 23 + 9 If c = 9, then 9 is the y-intercept of a straight line
(b) {3} {3, 6, 9} y = mx + c.
(c) 1 4 × 103 = 5 (d) If f(x) = ax2 + bx + c has a maximum point, then
6 a 0.
(d) x2 + 3 (x + 3)2 If a 0, then f(x) = ax2 + bx + c has a maximum
(e) 3 √ 27 + 9 = 12 point.

3. (a) False (b) False (c) False

(d) True (e) True
Self Practice Self
Practice 3.1b
1. 819 is not a multiple of 9. False
2. A kite does not have two axes of symmetry. True
3. A cone does not have one curved surface. False
4. Two parallel lines do not have the
same gradient. False
5. Not all quadratic equations have two
equal roots. True
Self Practice Self
Practice 3.1c
1. (a) 2 or 3 is a prime factor of the number 6.
(b) A cone has one vertex and one plane.
(c) A rhombus and a trapezium are parallelograms.
Self Practice Self
Practice 3.1e
1. (a) Converse: If x –1, then x + 3 2.
Inverse: If x + 3 2, then x –1.
Contrapositive: If x –1, then x + 3 2.
(b) Converse: If k = 3 or k = –4, then
(k – 3)(k + 4) = 0.
Inverse: If (k – 3)(k + 4) ≠ 0, then k ≠ 3 or
k ≠ –4.
Contrapositive: If k ≠ 3 or k ≠ – 4, then
(k – 3)(k + 4) ≠ 0.
(c) Converse: If AB is parallel to CD, then
ABCD is a parallelogram.
Inverse: If ABCD is not a parallelogram,
then AB is not parallel to CD.
Contrapositive: If AB is not parallel to CD, then
ABCD is not a parallelogram.

295

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2. (a) (d) If a triangle ABC does not have a right angle at C,

Implication: If 2 and 5 are the factors True
then c2 ≠ a2 + b2. True