Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 32 (2017) 667–765

Abstracts

Poster Session C

C-72
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Normative Data for a Pediatric Population in Spain
Benito Sánchez I, Vergara-Moragues E, Ferrer-Cascales R, Uroz-Garelli D, Ibáñez García A, Barrios Nevado M, Rivera D,
Arango-Lasprilla J
Objective: To generate demographic-adjusted norms for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in a pediatric population
from Spain. Method: 964 healthy children from Spain were evaluated. Inclusion criteria were an IQ ≥ 80 on the Test of Non-
Verbal Intelligence (TONI-2), a score of < 19 on the Children Depression Inventory, and T-score < 65 on the Revised Child
Anxiety and Depression Scale. 50.8% were girls with an average age of 11.2 ± 3.36 years. The WCST Correct Categories,
Perseveration errors and Total errors were normed using multiple linear regressions (MLR) and standard deviation of residual
values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. To generate
norms 1)-the predictive value was obtained using b-values of each model, 2)-the residual value was obtained, 3)-the residual
value was standardized, and 4)-tables of percentiles were calculated. Results: The final MLR models showed a main effect for
age on all outcomes, such that score increased linearly as a function of age for correct categories (B = 0.224; p < 0.001) and
decreased for perseveration errors and total errors (B = −1.333; p < 0.001). Age2 also had a significant effect on categories
(B = −0.025; p < 0.001), perseveration errors and total errors (B = 0,142; p < 0.001). Children with MLPE > 12 years had
higher correct categories (B = 0.344; p < 0.001) and lower Total errors (B = −1.707; p < 0.01). Sex had a significant effect
on Total errors (B = 1.312;p < 0.01). The amount of variance explained ranged from 12.4%-21.9%. Conclusion: Older age,
being a boy, and higher parents’ education levels were found to influence children’s WCST scores and should be accounted
for during interpretation of assessments with this test.

© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
doi:10.1093/arclin/acx076

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