Chapter 2
Methodology
This chapter presents the explanation about procedures used in this study to
find out the answer to the research questions. This section includes research design,
research locale, respondents, research instrument, data gathering procedure,
statistical treatment, and ethical considerations.
Research Design
Since the main purpose of this research was to investigate whether there is
any correlation between the two variables: inadequate parenting and influence of
peers in the context of Teenage Pregnancy, the research design used in this study
was purely quantitative, descriptive correlational approach using descriptive
analysis. In accordance with Cresswell (2012), quantitative approach is used if the
researchers want to identify a research problem based on trends in the field or in the
need to explain why something occurs.
Therefore, correlational method was used in this research since it is intended
to investigate the correlation between the variables: inadequate parenting and
influence of peers. The degree of two correlation between two variables is classified
in the form of correlation coefficient. This is also supported by Cresswell (2012)
opinion that in correlation design, investigators used the correlation statistical test to
describe and measure the degree of association (or relationship) between two or
more variables or set of scores. As well as Cherry (2020) believed that correlation
research can demonstrate a relationship between variables, it cannot prove that
changing one variable will change another.
Lastly, descriptive statistics was used in this study to represent the data from
the variable; Teenage Pregnancy through Tabular and graphical presentations
where scores in the distribution are converted into percentile ranks. In that manner,
Kaur et al., (2018) explained that descriptive statistics are used to summarize data in
an organized manner by describing the relationship between variables in a sample or
population. Calculating descriptive statistics represents a vital first step when
conducting research and should always occur before making inferential statistical
comparisons.
Research Locale
This study was conducted in Davao City National High School, Philippines.
The choice of the locale was promoted by the fact that there’s quite a few number of
students in Senior High School’s Program which designed for working students.
Hence, the students was chosen accordingly based on the ability provided by the
respondents for this investigation. Figure 2 shows the map of the Philippines
depicting the specific location in Davao City where the study was conducted.
Figure 2: Map of the Place of Study
Research Respondents
The respondents of this study were the Late Afternoon Program (LAP)
students from Grade 11 to Grade 12. Since, all students in Late Afternoon
Program where need to provide a certificate of employment (COE) as one of the
requirements for the enrollment. Let us say that all teenager parents of LAP students
will be qualified as respondents for investigation of the research study.
Conversely, number of respondents in this study was determined through
simple random sampling that would allow the researcher to procure a sample
population that best represents the entire population being studied.
Researcher Instrument
Survey questionnaires will be used in this study as a research tool to
evaluate the effects of broken families and early parenthood on students' academic
performance. In the first questionnaire consisted of 11 statements that aim to elicit
the parental involvement of the respondents among teenager parents. It has (2)
domain of Inadequate Parenting: education, attitude towards family. In addition, the
respondents were asked to indicate to what extent they agree or disagree using a 5-
point Likert scale ranging from “1 =Highly disagree” to “5 = Highly Agree".
The table below will be used to measure the level of the learning environment
and the learning capability of the students.
Range of Descriptive Interpretation
Means Level
This indicates that the poor parenting is
4.5-5.0 Very High at a very high level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
This indicates that the poor parenting is
3.5-4.4 High at a high level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
This indicates that the poor parenting is
2.5-3.4 Moderate at a moderate level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
This indicates that the poor parenting is
1.5-2.4 Low at a low level based on the experienced
by the LAP students in DCNHS.
This indicates that the poor parenting is
1.4 Very Low at a very low level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
In the second questionnaire consisted of 30 total statements of Influence of
peers where analyze through: education, social behavior. Furthermore, the
respondents were asked to indicate to what extent they agree or disagree using a 5-
point Likert scale ranging from “1 = Highly disagree” to “5 = Highly Agree".
The table below will be used to measure the level of the learning environment
and the learning capability of the students.
Range of Descriptive Interpretation
Means Level
This indicates that influence of peers is
4.5-5.0 Very High at a very high level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
This indicates that influence of peers is
3.5-4.4 High at a high level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
This indicates that influence of peers is
2.5-3.4 Moderate at a moderate level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
This indicates that influence of peers is
1.5-2.4 Low at a low level based on the experienced
by the LAP students in DCNHS.
This indicates that influence of peers is
1.4 Very Low at a very low level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
The third and last questionnaire consisted of 15 total statements for teenagers
who experienced early pregnancy and the respondents where asked to indicate to
what extent they agree or disagree using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “1 =
Highly disagree” to “5 = Highly Agree".
The table below will be used to measure the level of the learning environment
and the learning capability of the students.
Range of Descriptive Interpretation
Means Level
This indicates that the early parenting is
4.5-5.0 Very High at a very high level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
This indicates that the early parenting is
3.5-4.4 High at a high level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
This indicates that the early parenting is
2.5-3.4 Moderate at a moderate level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
This indicates that the early parenting is
1.5-2.4 Low at a low level based on the experienced
by the LAP students in DCNHS.
This indicates that the early parenting is
1.4 Very Low at a very low level based on the
experienced by the LAP students in
DCNHS.
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