Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design together with the samples and sampling
techniques, respondents of the study, data gathering procedure, instrumentation, validation
and reliability of the research instrument, administration of statistical analysis and treatment.

Research Design
The main purpose of this study was to identify the social and emotional effects of
parental separation, as well as the coping strategies used by the adolescents belonging to a
broken family. To accomplish this purpose, the researchers will utilize a combination of
descriptive and qualitative methods of research. Descriptive method includes gathering data
about existing conditions through a normative approach, supported with a descriptive
analysis of data that will be gathered from the said survey. Descriptive survey method is also
use to evaluate socio-demographic profile such as age, sexual orientation, educational
attainment, parent’s occupation, and the quantity of siblings of the respondents as well as
their awareness and concern towards the problem.

Dr. Mariano M. Ariola (2006) cited the definition of descriptive research by Calderon
and Gonzales (1993) characterized descriptive research as a purposive procedure of data
gathering, investigating, arranging, and organizing the data about prevailing conditions,
practices, beliefs, processes, patterns, and cause-effect relationships and then adequate and
accurate interpretation about such information with or without aid of statistical treatment.
Bickman Rog (1998) proposed that descriptive studies can respond to questions such as
“what is or what was”. It is a scientific technique which includes observing and describing
the behaviour of a subject without affecting it in any capacity. It is principally done in light
of the fact that the researchers wanted to gain a better comprehension of separation and
explore existing certain phenomena.

On the other hand, qualitative type of research will likewise be utilize to validate the
data given by the respondents. This kind of research will offer the respondents the
opportunity to depict their encounters in their very own terms. It will determine the necessary
information and the fulfilment and precision of the outcomes. Both descriptive and
qualitative method of research are utilized to focus on assessing the effects on the socio-
emotional development of parental separation among Senior High school students of
Bagumbayan National High School, Taguig City and their coping systems.

Samples and Sampling Technique

Purposive (Judgmental) Sampling

Purposive sampling otherwise called as judgmental, specific or subjective sampling
reflects a group of sampling techniques that depend on the judgment of the researcher with
regards to choosing the units that are to be considered. Researchers may verifiably thus
choose a “representative” sample to suit their needs, or explicitly approach individuals with
certain attributes.

The sample sizes for this study with at least fifty (50) students are selected with the
use of purposive sampling from Grade 11 and 12 of Bagumbayan National High School. The
selection was made dependent on the topic which is how was the social and emotional
development of the students in respects with the separation of their parents. The researchers
pick the purposive techniques as a sample on account of the particular respondents, explicit
cases and specific occasions which are best model and which are available on the said topic.

Figure 1: Example of the process of Purposive Sampling (cited in methodolgy.net)

Respondents of the Study
The target respondents of the study comprised 50 adolescence male and female
Senior High School students of Bagumbayan National High School with separated parents.
The criteria in choosing the respondents were the adolescents aged between 16 years of age
or more and having been enrolled in Bagumbayan National High school for Academic Year
2019-2020. Likewise, they must belong to broken family with their parents separated and/or
the husband or the wife abandoned the family. It can be also one parent or both were having
their own second family. The respondents are deliberately selected by the researchers with
their similarity of the above issue.

Data Gathering Procedure

For data gathering purposes, the researchers initially examined and perused related
literature and studies and samples of survey from different studies. At that point, the
researchers formulated a set of questionnaire dependent on the relation to the topic and the
readings of literatures.

Second, the researchers composed a letter of intent to the principal of Bagumbayan

National High school and a waiver which enabled them to direct a survey to the respondents.
The survey was likewise attached in the said waiver.

After the approval of the questionnaires, the researchers will personally disseminate
the questionnaires to the target respondents who are Senior High school students of
Bagumbayan National High school, after which the filled-up copies were recovered through
the similar way. The statistical evaluation of the raw data was computed through the use of
Descriptive Analysis, Simple Frequency and Percentage for each class or category in the
respondents demographic profile variables.

After the approval of the principal, prepare the letter for the parents to ask permission
or consent allowing their child to be the participants to the study

After conducting the survey, the researchers will interview five out of 50 respondents
with a provided list of questions in regards to the effects of having a place with a broken
family, the coping systems they used to conceal their issues, and the recommendations they
might be given to assist students in coping with their issues.
Research Instrument
The data gathering instrument that the researchers will use is a survey type of
questionnaire. The instrument is consisted of two segments. Segment A and segment B. The
segment A contained item eliciting personal data of the respondents and segment B
contained statements on the Likert Scale requiring the respondents to show their level of
agreement and disagreement to the items. The responses ranged from Strongly Agree (SA),
Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD).

Supportive to the said instrument will be the result of informal interviews with the
respondents regarding the effects of belonging to a broken family, the coping strategies they
used to cover up their problems and the recommendations they may be given to assist
students in coping with their problem.

Validity of Research Instrument

The instrument will be validated through constructive suggestions by fellow post
graduate students. The final draft is further submitted to the adviser for corrections and final
approval. These processes ensured the quality and content validity.

Administration of the Instrument

The instruments will be administered to the respondents. The researchers will be
assisted by the teacher of the respondents in administration and collection of the instruments.
In the Bagumbayan National High school, the administration and collection of instruments
will be done on the same day of administration.

Statistical Analysis and Treatment

The researchers will use the accompanying statistical technique to guarantee valid
and solid analysis and interpretation of data.

Descriptive analysis is directed to summarize the attributes of the sample (gender,

age, and classification). Frequency Distribution is used to calculate specific values occur
within a range of values. The data were ordered and classified to determine frequency of
responses. This procedure enhanced the use of Simple Percentage to determine the extent of
each class or classification in connection to different categories and to the entire population
of the study. This was used to likewise examine the profile of the respondents, alongside
their responses to the checklist items in the survey. Ranking was additionally used to
determine the position of each class or classification in a set of classes or categories.