BOARD OF ADVANCED STUDIES AND RESEARCH CECOS

UNIVERSITY OF IT & EMERGING SCIENCES PESHAWAR.

SUMMARY OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL FOR MSc DEGREE PROGRAMME

Contact Number: +92 341 9994277 CGPA: 3.9

Email ID: Hasnain.saifullah.msce-f2022c@cecosian.edu.pk
(Note: CGPA must be 2.5 or greater, otherwise not eligible for thesis and award of MS
Degree. Student is responsible for confirming his CGPA from controller section if not known
to him. In case of quoting wrong CGPA, thesis fee will be not refunded, nor will MS Degree
be awarded).

Signature of student: ...............................

1. Name and ID of student: Hasnain Saifullah ID: CU-3219-2022
2. Department: Civil Engineering Department
3. Date of Registration in the MSc Degree Program: October 2022
4. Major Area of Study: Construction Engineering & Management
5. Courses Studied:
1. Construction Methods and Equipment.
2. Construction Paining, Scheduling and Control.
3. Contract Management.
4. Building Information Modeling.
5. Research Methodology.
6. Statistics.

Supervisor: Dr Muhammad Tariq Bashir

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Comparative Economic Analysis of Waste Concrete and Traditional Concrete

1. Introduction
In the realm of global construction management, a critical challenge emerges: how to
seamlessly integrate economic development with environmental responsibility, especially in
the context of waste concrete or e-waste management. As climate change, resource depletion,
and ecological damage escalate, there's an urgent need for sustainable construction practices.
This study addresses a promising solution—utilizing waste concrete from construction and
demolition—as a sustainable alternative (Alaloul et al., 2002), aligning with the call for eco-
friendly practices crucial for the resilience of our built environment.
The construction industry, historically linked to excessive waste and environmental impact,
often prioritizes speed and cost over ecological concerns. This approach results in a hefty
environmental footprint marked by carbon emissions, resource depletion, and growing
landfills. Recognizing the urgency, this research aims to provide a holistic evaluation of
alternative construction materials, specifically focusing on waste concrete, drawing
inspiration from global practices and existing frameworks (Mavi et al., 2022).
Built upon works like (Alaloul et al., 2002) and (Mavi et al., 2022), this study responds to the
need for a comprehensive evaluation of incorporating waste concrete as a sustainable
construction material. The research aims to explore the economic, environmental, and
societal implications of incorporating waste concrete into construction management practices,
considering insights from developed countries like the USA, China, and the UK, and adapting
the Sustainable Earned Value Management model for evaluating waste concrete in uncertain
conditions (Chua Lee Yin et al., 2015; Moghadam et al., 2013). By bridging the gap between
theoretical frameworks and practical implementation, this research aspires to play a pivotal
role in reshaping construction management towards a more sustainable and environmentally
conscious future.

2. Problem Statement:
The construction industry, a key driver of global economic development, confronts a critical
dilemma with conventional methods contributing significantly to environmental harm.
Despite growing sustainability awareness, the industry's transition to cleaner practices has
been sluggish, necessitating a thorough examination of alternatives. Concrete waste, a
byproduct of construction and demolition, holds substantial potential (Alaloul et al., 2002).
The challenge lies in the persistent environmental impact of traditional practices, demanding
a paradigm shift towards sustainable alternatives like waste concrete. However, effective
integration requires a nuanced understanding of its economic, environmental, and societal
implications. With traditional methods under scrutiny amidst climate change concerns, the
problem statement centers on exploring innovative solutions for an environmentally friendly
construction sector. Waste concrete emerges as a promising alternative, but successful
integration hinges on addressing challenges related to feasibility, impact, and societal
acceptance (Mavi et al., 2022). In summary, the urgency lies in transitioning to sustainable
practices, specifically leveraging the potential of waste concrete, and navigating complexities
to drive positive change in the construction industry.

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3. Research Objectives:
 Evaluate the integration of e-waste and waste concrete as sustainable materials in
construction management, comparing their economic, environmental, and societal
aspects with traditional materials.
 Adapt the Sustainable Earned Value Management model for economic assessment in
the context of managing e-waste and waste concrete, addressing uncertainties, and
demonstrate the economic viability of waste concrete through comprehensive cost
tracking in comparison to traditional concrete.

4. Methodology:
This research scrutinizes waste concrete for sustainable construction. Commencing with a
literature review and insights from developed countries, we compare its economic,
environmental, and societal aspects with traditional methods and materials. Economic
feasibility is assessed using the Sustainable Earned Value Management model, and structural
performance is evaluated through on-site trials and cost management. Findings inform
practical recommendations for stakeholders and contribute to global sustainability goals.
Results will be disseminated through publications and conferences, adhering to ethical
standards. Despite acknowledged limitations, our approach integrates lab testing, economic
assessment, and practical insights for a thorough evaluation of waste concrete in sustainable
construction.

4.1 Collection and study of literature:

Literature regarding “Comparative Economic Analysis of Waste Concrete and Traditional

Concrete” will be collected from books and the internet, and publications will be deeply
studied. This literature will help in understanding the aforementioned research topic.

4.2 Preparing Questionnaire:

Data Analysis, Questionnaire and Survey. A questionnaire is any written set of questions,
while a survey is both the set of questions and the process of collecting, aggregating, and
analyzing the responses from those questions. Also, the "questionnaire" describes the content.
Questionnaires used to be completed on paper, and data analysis occurred later on if desired.
A questionnaire is a tool used in a survey.
 By identifying a theme, the data that needs to be gathered will be specified and acquired
as a question.
 Simple but specific questions will be asked. Our respondents need to be able to answer
each question with little deliberation.
 Ask the same question in different ways. There is always a chance that our respondents
may be answering the questionnaire absentmindedly. To assess the reliability of such a
response, ask the same question several times but in different ways.
 Choose a delivery method. If we want to reach a wider audience, we will distribute our
questionnaires through various social networks if needed.

4.3Administering the Questionnaire:

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Questionnaire examples may be delivered in several different ways. This could be done
through interviews, websites, SMS, email, or even through social media. This would depend
on the kind of information you wish to obtain and the audience you want to reach.
We will administer the questionnaire by doing this personally can be easy, as most people are
too polite to refuse. However, if we use a certain platform for this, we will need to develop a
gimmick. Some people opt to give away freebies to individuals who willingly answer their
questionnaire. We will always force our respondents to answer
if we lack a budget for such.
We will always remember it to avoid being annoying when doing this. Sometimes,
respondents give negative feedback when they are unwilling to answer a questionnaire.
For a Better Questionnaire
 Provide instructions. Tell our respondents how the questionnaire should be answered.
Allow them to contact you for any concerns or clarifications.
 Use simple language. Respondents may come from different backgrounds, so keeping our
questions as relevant as possible is important.
 Limit the possible choices. For questions where answers are readily provided, avoid
making a long list. Respondents may need help to evaluate each.
 Arrange it in a logical order. Start our questionnaire with general questions before asking
specific ones.
 Keep it short. Lengthy questionnaires can be too intimidating to answer. Respondents will
feel like they answer an exam rather than a survey questionnaire.
 Do a trial run. Allow a few people to answer our questionnaire and ask them for feedback.
This will help us point out mistakes and inappropriate questions that need to be edited.

4.4 Compilation of results:

 The data/ results will be clarified by arranging tables, data sheets, and graphs.
 Data obtained will be briefed and compiled in order to find the final outcomes.
 When data is composed, accumulated, and data investigated “regarding the Role of
Project Management in the Construction Industry of Pakistan," it will be concluded in the
discussion section.

5. Contribution to the field:

The project's positive results could be a ground-breaking step in incorporating the rehearsal
of Comparative Economic Analysis of Waste Concrete and Traditional Concrete .

6. References:
1. Alaloul, W. S., Alhorani, A., & Moselhi, O. (2002). Assessment of Economic
Sustainability in the Construction Sector. Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management, 128(6), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-
9364(2002)128:6(473)
2. Chua Lee Yin, H., Li, Q., & Tam, C. M. (2015). An evaluation of sustainable
construction perceptions and practices in Singapore. Habitat International, 45, 36–46.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.026

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 3. Mavi, R. K., Singh, T., & Hossain, M. U. (2022). Sustainability in Construction
Projects: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management, 148(5), 04022047. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-
7862.0002315
4. Moghadam, R. Z., Razavi, S. N., & Khatib, F. (2013). Sustainable Earned Value
Management Model for Construction Projects under Uncertainty
5. Xu, X., Wang, Y., & Chan, A. P. (2012). Comprehensive evaluation of sustainable
development of regional construction industry in China
6. Use of Waste Materials in Concrete: A review Davoud Tavakoli1 , Masoumeh
Hashempour and Ali Heidari Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 26 (2): 499 - 522 (2018)
7. Use of selected waste materials in concrete mixes Malek Batanyneh , Iqbal Marie ,
Ibrahim Asi volume 27 , issue 12 , 2007
8. Use of waste plastic in concrete mixture as aggregate replacement Zainab Z.Ismail,
Enas A.AL-Hashmi volume 28, issue 11, November 2008

Project Schedule:
Octob Novemb Decembe Januar Februa
Activity er er r y ry March May June July
Literature
Review
Preparing of
Questionnair
e
Implementa
tion of
Questionnair
e
Writing
Thesis
submitting
Thesis
Approval

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Proposed Starting Date: November , 2023.
Expected Date of Completion: July , 2024.
Are Major Facilities available for the work: Yes
Are additional facilities required: Nil

Signature of Candidate _______________

Dated: ___________

Supervisor: Dr Muhammad Tariq Bashir

Signature _________________
Dated: _______________