The Particle is a

part of speech in
both contrasted
languages
Vielchieva M. PHL-22-1
 What is particle

a word that has a grammatical function

but does not fit into the main parts of
speech (i.e. noun, verb, adverb).
 Particles in English and
Ukrainian
English Ukrainian
particles often
accompany verbs, commonly used
creating phrasal verbs. for aspectual
They can indicate distinctions, mood,
direction, completion, or and emphasis
intensity
 Examples

English Ukrainian

off, on, out, to

нібито, мовби,
I'm going to Spain next
week'.
і, й, хоча б
Types of Particle (English)

Adverb Particles
Grammatical Particle
Phrasal verbs consist
The infinitive 'to' is
of a verb followed by
an example of a
a particle or a
grammatical particle.
preposition to create
It is also called an
a specific, idiomatic
infinitive marker.
meaning.
Types of Particle (English)

Discourse Particles
have little or no
meaning on their own, Negative Particle
only used to indicate The English language
the emotion and has one negative
attitude of the particle and that is the
speaker word 'not'.
Types of Particle (Ukrainian)

Phrase particles Word-building particles

arrange a certain type of a function in connection
sentence rendering the with other words, can
speaker's attitude to the change their place in
content of the whole the word structure or
sentence or modify one of can be separated
its components (ось, altogether (будь-,
cnpaвдi, лише, etc.). казна-, де-, -ж, etc.).
Types of Particle (Ukrainian)

Form-building particles Unlike conjunctions

are used to create and prepositions
different grammatical English and Ukrainian
forms, e.g. particles би, particles do not serve
б help to form to express syntactic
conditional mood. relations
Thank you!