Sandip Foundation’s

Sandip Institute of Engineering and Management Nashik

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

Academic Year 2022-23

T.E E & TC

Internship Report

on

Embedded System Design and IoT

Name of Student:Pooja Khairnar

Internal Supervisor
Prof. A. K. Mishra, Department of E & TC, SIEM, Nashik.

External Supervisor
Mr. Ravi Ghumare, Director, SkyTouch Computers, Nashik
 Sandip Foundation’s
Sandip Institute of Engineering and Management Nashik
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, the Internship on “Embedded System Design and IoT”
done by Pooja P. Khairnar (Exam Seat No. ) at SkyTouch Computers, Nashik
under third year syllabus, course name “304199-Internship” of Electronics and
Telecommunication Branch of Savitribai Phule Pune University for the award
of Bachelor of Engineering Degree.

Prof. A. K. Mishra Prof. Y. R. Risodkar Dr. D. P. Patil

Internal Supervisor H.O.D. Principal

Date:
Place: Sandip Institute of Engineering and Management Nashik

ii
—————————————————————————————————-

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Miss. Pooja Khairnar from Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering, Sandip Institute of Engineering and Management,
Nashik has undergone Internship Training for one month in our Institute on “Embedded
System Design and IoT" from 30th Jan 2023 to 26th Feb 2023.
During the training period, we found sincere, hard working and regular in attendance.
We wish her the best luck for all future endeavors.

Director
(Sky-Touch Computers)

iii
 Acknowledgements
First I would like to thank Mr. Ravi Ghumare, SkyTouch Computers, Nashik for
giving me the opportunity to do an internship within the organization. I also would
like all the people that worked along with me Sandip Institute Of Engineering Man-
agement, Nashik with their patience and openness they created an enjoyable working
environment. It is indeed with a great sense of pleasure and immense sense of grati-
tude that I acknowledge the help of these individuals.
I would like to thank to Prof. Amit Mishra internship coordinator Department
of Electronics and Telecommunication (E&TC) for their support and advices to get
and complete internship in above said organization.
I am extremely great full to my department staff members and friends who helped
me in successful completion of this internship.

Pooja P. Khairnar

iv
Contents

Certificate ii

Acknowledgements iv

List of Figures vii

1 Embedded System Design 1

1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Characteristics of an Embedded System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Basic Structure of an Embedded System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Applications of Embedded Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Types of Embedded System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Study of Sensors 5
2.1 Humidity and Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Ultrasonic Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Infrared sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 Motion Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 Introdution to Microcontroller 10
3.1 What’s an Arduino? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 Project: Design a 3x3x3 LED CUBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2.1 Components Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2.2 Building the Arduino 3x3x3 LED Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

v
4 Internet of Things 15
4.1 IoT Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2 What is ThingSpeak? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.3 What is NodeMCU? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.4 NodeMCU Pinout and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.5 Project- DHT11 Humidity Temperature Monitor with NodeMCU on
ThingSpeak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.6 Compoenents Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.7 Setting Thingspeak & Getting API Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5 Conclusion 22

References 23

vi
List of Figures

1.1 Basic Structure of an Embedded System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2 Types of Embedded System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.1 Humidity and Temperature Sensor and LM35 IR Sensor . . . . . . . 5

2.2 Ultrasonic Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Infrared Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 Motion Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.1 Arduino Uno Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.2 The Word Arduino Can mean 3 Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3 Arduino Uno Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.4 3D LED Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4.1 IoT Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4.2 NodeMCU Pinout and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.3 Circuit Diagram & Connection of DHT11 with NodeMCU . . . . . . 20
4.4 Monitor Humidity Temperature Data on ThingSpeak . . . . . . . . . 21

vii
Chapter 1

Embedded System Design

1.1 Introduction
An embedded system can be thought of as a computer hardware system
having software embedded in it.An embedded system can be an independent system
or it can be a part of a large system.An embedded system is a microcontroller or
microprocessor-based system which is designed to perform aspecific task. For exam-
ple, a fire alarm is an embedded system; it will sense only smoke.An embedded system
has three components
–It has hardware.
–It has application software.

1.2 Characteristics of an Embedded System

ˆ Single-functioned - An embedded system usually performs a specialized opera-
tion and does the samerepeatedly. For example: A pager always functions as a
pager.

ˆ Tightly constrained -All computing systems have constraints on design metrics,

but those on an embedded system can be especially tight. Design metrics is
a measure of an implementation’s features such as its cost, size,power, and
performance. It must be of a size to fit on a single chip, must perform fast

1
 enough to process data inreal time and consume minimum power to extend
battery life.

ˆ Reactive and Real time - Many embedded systems must continually react to
changes in the system’senvironment and must compute certain results in real
time without any delay. Consider an example of a carcruise controller; it contin-
ually monitors and reacts to speed and brake sensors. It must compute accelera-
tion orde-accelerations repeatedly within a limited time; a delayed computation
can result in failure to control of thecar.

ˆ Microprocessors based - It must be microprocessor or microcontroller based.

Memory - It must have a memory, as its software usually embeds in ROM. It

does not need anysecondary memories in the computer.

Connected -It must have connected peripherals to connect input and output
devices.

HW-SW systems - Software is used for more features and flexibility. Hardware
is used for performance and security.

1.3 Basic Structure of an Embedded System

Figure 1.1: Basic Structure of an Embedded System

2
1.4 Applications of Embedded Systems
Embedded systems are used in different applications like automobiles, telecommuni-
cations,smart cards, missiles, satellites, computer networking and digital consumer
electronic.

ˆ .onsumer electronics: Camcorders, cameras, etc.

ˆ Household appliances: Television, DVD players, washing machine, fridge,microwave

oven, etc.

ˆ Home automation and security systems: Air conditioners, sprinklers, intrud-

erdetection alarms, closed circuit television cameras, fire alarms, etc.

ˆ Automotive industry: Anti-lock braking systems (ABS), engine control, igni-

tionsystems, automatic navigation systems, etc.

ˆ Telecom: Cellular telephones, telephone Switches, handset multimediaapplica-

tions, etc.

ˆ Computer peripherals: Printers, scanners, fax machines, etc.

ˆ Computer networking systems: Network routers, switches, hubs, firewall etc.

ˆ Healthcare: Different kinds of scanners, EEG, ECG machines etc.9. Measure-

ment & Instrumentation: Digital multi meters, digital Os, logic analyzers PLC
systems, etc.

ˆ Banking & Retail: Automatic teller machines (ATM) and currency counters,
point of sales (POS)

ˆ Card Readers: Barcode, smart card readers, hand held devices etc

3
1.5 Types of Embedded System

Figure 1.2: Types of Embedded System

4
Chapter 2

Study of Sensors

2.1 Humidity and Temperature Sensor

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output
voltage is linearlyproportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The output
of sensor converted to digital that easyconnecting with microcontroller.

Figure 2.1: Humidity and Temperature Sensor and LM35 IR Sensor

Temperature and humidity sensors are among the most commonly used environ-
mental sensors. Humidity sensors are also sometimes referred to as hygrometers.
These devices are used to provide the actual humiditycondition within the air at any
given point or in any given place. Such devices are commonly used in situations in
which air conditions may be extreme or where air conditions need to be controlled due
to varying reasons.Humidity is the presence of water within the air. The amount of
water vapor that is present in the air can affect not only personal comfort but can also

5
affect various manufacturing processes within industrial applications. For instance, in
the semiconductor industry, moisture or humidity levels must be properly controlled
and monitored to ensure proper wafer processing. Humidity control is also frequently
important for incubators, respiratory equipment, sterilizers, and biological products.
In addition, the presence of water vapour may also influence various other chemical,
biological, and physical processes.
The DHT11 is a basic, ultra-low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It
uses a capacitive humiditysensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air,
and spits out a digital signal on the data pin (noanalog input pins needed).

2.2 Ultrasonic Sensor

Figure 2.2: Ultrasonic Sensor

An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object

using ultrasonic sound waves.An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and re-
ceive ultrasonic pulses that relay back informationabout an object’s proximity. An
ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object
by emittingultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical
signal. Ultrasonic waves travelfaster than the speed of audible sound (i.e., the sound
that humans can hear). Ultrasonic sensors have twomain components: the trans-
mitter (which emits the sound using piezoelectric crystals) and the receiver(which
encounters the sound after it has travelled to and from the target).Ultrasonic sen-
sors work by sending out a sound wave at a frequency above the range of human
hearing. Thetransducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to receive and send the

6
ultrasonic sound. Our ultrasonicsensors, like many others, use a single transducer to
send a pulse and to receive the echo. The sensordetermines the distance to a target
by measuring time lapses between the sending and receiving of theultrasonic pulse.
The working principle of this module is simple. It sends an ultrasonic pulse out
at 40kHz which travelsthrough the air and if there is an obstacle or object, it will
bounce back to the sensor. By calculating thetravel time and the speed of sound, the
distance can be calculated.Ultrasonic sensors are a great solution for the detection
of clear objects. For liquid level measurement,applications that use infrared sensors,
for instance, struggle with this particular use case because of targettranslucence.For
presence detection, ultrasonic sensors detect objects regardless of the color, surface,
or material (unlessthe material is very soft like wool, as it would absorb sound.) To
detect transparent and other items where optical technologies may fail, ultrasonic
sensors are a reliable choice.

2.3 Infrared sensors

Figure 2.3: Infrared Sensors

An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measures and detects in-
frared radiation in its surroundingenvironment. Infrared radiation was accidentally

7
discovered by an astronomer named William Herchel in1800. While measuring the
temperature of each color of light (separated by a prism), he noticed that thetemper-
ature just beyond the red light was highest. IR is invisible to the human eye, as its
wavelength islonger than that of visible light (though it is still on the same electro-
magnetic spectrum). Anything that emitsheat (everything that has a temperature
above around five degrees Kelvin) gives off infrared radiation.There are two types of
infrared sensors: active and passive. Active infrared sensors both emit and detect-
infrared radiation. Active IR sensors have two parts: a light emitting diode (LED)
and a receiver. When anobject comes close to the sensor, the infrared light from the
LED reflects off of the object and is detected bythe receiver. Active IR sensors act as
proximity sensors, and they are commonly used in obstacle detectionsystems (such
as in robots).

2.4 Motion Sensor

Figure 2.4: Motion Sensor

A motion sensor (or motion detector) is an electronic device that is designed to

detect and measuremovement. Motion sensors are used primarily in home and busi-
ness security systems, but they can also befound in phones, paper towel dispensers,
game consoles, and virtual reality systems. Unlike many othertypes of sensors (which
can be handheld and isolated), motion sensors are typically embedded systems with-

8
three major components: a sensor unit, an embedded computer, and hardware (or the
mechanicalcomponent). These three parts vary in size and configuration, as motion
sensors can be customized toperform highly specific functions. For example, motion
sensors can be used to activate floodlights, triggeraudible alarms, activate switches,
and even alert the police. There are two types of motion sensors: active motion
sensors and passive motion sensors. Active sensorshave both a transmitter and a
receiver. This type of sensor detects motion by measuring changes in theamount of
sound or radiation reflecting back into the receiver. When an object interrupts or
alters thesensor’s field, an electric pulse is sent to the embedded computer, which
in turn interacts with themechanical component. The most common type of active
motion detector uses ultrasonic sensor technology;these motion sensors emit sound
waves to detect the presence of objects. There are also microwave sensors(which emit
microwave radiation), and tomographic sensors (which transmit and receive radio
waves).

9
Chapter 3

Introdution to Microcontroller

3.1 What’s an Arduino?

Arduino is an open source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino
Consists of both a microcontroller and a piece of software, or IDE(Integrated Develop-
ment Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer
code to the physical board.

Figure 3.1: Arduino Uno Layout

Power USB
Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your computer. All you
need to do is connect the USB cable to the USB connection (1).

10
Power (Barrel Jack)
Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by con-
necting it to the Barrel Jack (2).
Voltage Regulator
The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the Arduino
board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.
Crystal Oscillator
The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time issues. How does Arduino
calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal oscillator. The number printed on
top of the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. It tells us that the frequency is 16,000,000
Hertz or 16 MHz.
Arduino Reset
You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program from the beginning. You
can reset the UNO board in two ways. First, by using the reset button (17) on the
board. Second, you can connect an external reset button to the Arduino pin labelled
RESET (5).
Pins
Pins (3.3, 5, GND, Vin)
3.3V (6) -Supply 3.3 output volt
5V (7) - Supply 5 output volt
Most of the components used with Arduino board works fine with 3.3 volt and 5 volt.
GND (8)(Ground) -There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be
used to ground your circuit.
Vin (9) - This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from an external
power source, like AC mains power supply.
Analog pins
The Arduino UNO board has six analog input pins A0 through A5. These pins can
read the signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or temperature sensor
and convert it into a digital value that can be read by the microprocessor.
Main microcontroller
Each Arduino board has its own microcontroller (11). You can assume it as the brain

11
of your board. The main IC (integrated circuit) on the Arduino is slightly different
from board to board. The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL Company.
You must know what IC your board has before loading up a new program from the
Arduino IDE. This information is available on the top of the IC. For more details
about the IC construction and functions, you can refer to the data sheet.
ICSP pin
Mostly, ICSP (12) is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the Arduino consisting
of MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND. It is often referred to as an SPI
(Serial Peripheral Interface), which could be considered as an ”expansion” of the
output. Actually, you are slaving the output device to the master of the SPI bus.
Power LED indicator
This LED should light up when you plug your Arduino into a power source to indicate
that your board is powered up correctly. If this light does not turn on, then there is
something wrong with the connection.
TX and RX LEDs
On board, you will find two labels: TX (transmit) and RX (receive). They appear in
two places on the Arduino UNO board. First, at the digital pins 0 and 1, to indicate
the pins responsible for serial communication. Second, the TX and RX led (13).
The TX led flashes with different speed while sending the serial data. The speed of
flashing depends on the baud rate used by the board. RX flashes during the receiving
process.
Digital I/O
The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 6 provide PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) output. These pins can be configured to work as input
digital pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive different
modules like LEDs, relays, etc. The pins labeled “ ” can be used to generate PWM.
AREF
AREF stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes, used to set an external reference
voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.

12
 Figure 3.2: The Word Arduino Can mean 3 Things

Figure 3.3: Arduino Uno Specification

3.2 Project: Design a 3x3x3 LED CUBE

3.2.1 Components Required

ˆ ARDUINO UNO, 220W resisters (3 pieces), , power supply (5v),

ˆ 27 white LEDs, Breadboard wire,

ˆ Soldering Iron, Soldering wire and flux,

3.2.2 Building the Arduino 3x3x3 LED Cube

ˆ Check each LED

ˆ The breadboard wire and peel the layer off the conductor

13
ˆ Mark nine points on paper (distance2cm)

ˆ Place a LED in one of the hole and bend the positive terminal

ˆ Bend all the remaining 24 LEDs in the same way

ˆ Solder all the negative joints

ˆ Take two conductors wires which we stripped and place them as shown in the
figure and solder the six joints of conductor forming a complete matrix

ˆ 9 positive terminals (CP1-CP9) and one negative terminal (CN1).

Figure 3.4: 3D LED Cube

14
Chapter 4

Internet of Things

IOT stands for “Internet of things”. It is a network of physical objects or things

embedded with electronics,sensors, software and network connectivity, enabling them
to collect and exchange data. It refers to thebillions of physical devices around the
world that are now connected to the internet, collecting and sharing data.

4.1 IoT Architecture

IoT architecture refers to the tangle of components such as sensors, actuators, cloud
services, Protocols, and layers that make up IoT networking systems. In general, it
is divided into layers that allow administrators to evaluate, monitor, and maintain
the integrity of the system. The architecture of IoT is a four-step process through
which data flows from devices connected to sensors, through a network, and then
through the cloud for processing, analysis, and storage. With further development,
the Internet of Things is poised to grow even further, providing users with new and
improved experiences.

ˆ Perception/Sensing Layer
The first layer of any IoT system involves “things” or endpoint devices that serve
as a conduit between the physical and the digital worlds. Perception refers
to the physical layer, which includes sensors and actuators that are capable
of collecting, accepting, and processing data over the network. Sensors and

15
 Figure 4.1: IoT Architecture

actuators can be connected either wirelessly or via wired connections. The

architecture does not limit the scope of its components nor their location.

ˆ Network Layer
Network layers provide an overview of how data is moved throughout the
application. This layer contains Data Acquiring Systems (DAS) and Inter-
net/Network gateways. A DAS performs data aggregation and conversion func-
tions (collecting and aggregating data from sensors, then converting analog data
to digital data, etc.). It is necessary to transmit and process the data collected
by the sensor devices. That’s what the network layer does. It allows these
devices to connect and communicate with other servers, smart devices, and
network devices. As well, it handles all data transmissions for the devices.

ˆ Processing Layer
The processing layer is the brain of the IoT ecosystem. Typically, data is
analyzed, pre-processed, and stored here before being sent to the data center,
where it is accessed by software applications that both monitor and manage the
data as well as prepare further actions. This is where Edge IT or edge analytics
enters the picture.

16
 ˆ Application Layer
User interaction takes place at the application layer, which delivers application-
specific services to the user. An example might be a smart home application
where users can turn on a coffee maker by tapping a button in an app or a
dashboard that shows the status of the devices in a system. There are many
ways in which the Internet of Things can be deployed such as smart cities, smart
homes, and smart health.

4.2 What is ThingSpeak?

ThingSpeak is IoT Cloud platform where you can send sensor data to the cloud. You
can also analyze and visualize your data with MATLAB or other software, including
making your own applications.
The ThingSpeak service is operated by MathWorks. In order to sign up for ThingS-
peak, you must create a new MathWorks Account or log in to your existing Math-
Works Account.
ThingSpeak is free for small non-commercial projects.
ThingSpeak includes a Web Service (REST API) that lets you collect and store sensor
data in the cloud and develop Internet of Things applications. It works with Arduino,
Raspberry Pi and MATLAB (premade libraries and APIs exists) But it should work
with all kind of Programming Languages, since it uses a REST API and HTTP.

4.3 What is NodeMCU?

The NodeMCU (Node MicroController Unit) is an open-source software and hard-
ware development environment built around an inexpensive System-on-a-Chip (SoC)
called the ESP8266. The ESP8266, designed and manufactured by Espressif Systems,
contains the crucial elements of a computer: CPU, RAM, networking (WiFi), and
even a modern operating system and SDK.

17
4.4 NodeMCU Pinout and Functions

Figure 4.2: NodeMCU Pinout and Functions

ˆ Power Pins There are four power pins. VIN pin and three 3.3V pins.

ˆ VIN can be used to directly supply the NodeMCU/ESP8266 and its peripherals.
Power delivered on VIN is regulated through the onboard regulator on the
NodeMCU module – you can also supply 5V regulated to the VIN pin

ˆ 3.3V pins are the output of the onboard voltage regulator and can be used to
supply power to external components.

ˆ GND are the ground pins of NodeMCU/ESP8266

ˆ I2C Pins are used to connect I2C sensors and peripherals. Both I2C Master and
I2C Slave are supported. I2C interface functionality can be realized program-
matically, and the clock frequency is 100 kHz at a maximum. It should be noted
that I2C clock frequency should be higher than the slowest clock frequency of
the slave device.

ˆ GPIO Pins NodeMCU/ESP8266 has 17 GPIO pins which can be assigned to

functions such as I2C, I2S, UART, PWM, IR Remote Control, LED Light and
Button programmatically. Each digital enabled GPIO can be configured to

18
 internal pull-up or pull-down, or set to high impedance. When configured as
an input, it can also be set to edge-trigger or level-trigger to generate CPU
interrupts.

ˆ ADC Channel The NodeMCU is embedded with a 10-bit precision SAR ADC.
The two functions can be implemented using ADC. Testing power supply voltage
of VDD3P3 pin and testing input voltage of TOUT pin. However, they cannot
be implemented at the same time.

ˆ UART Pins NodeMCU/ESP8266 has 2 UART interfaces (UART0 and UART1)

which provide asynchronous communication (RS232 and RS485), and can com-
municate at up to 4.5 Mbps. UART0 (TXD0, RXD0, RST0 & CTS0 pins) can
be used for communication. However, UART1 (TXD1 pin) features only data
transmit signal so, it is usually used for printing log.

ˆ SPI Pins NodeMCU/ESP8266 features two SPIs (SPI and HSPI) in slave and
master modes. These SPIs also support the following general-purpose SPI fea-
tures:

ˆ 4 timing modes of the SPI format transfer

Up to 80 MHz and the divided clocks of 80 MHz
Up to 64-Byte FIFO

ˆ SDIO Pins NodeMCU/ESP8266 features Secure Digital Input/Output Interface

(SDIO) which is used to directly interface SD cards. 4-bit 25 MHz SDIO v1.1
and 4-bit 50 MHz SDIO v2.0 are supported.

ˆ PWM Pins The board has 4 channels of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The
PWM output can be implemented programmatically and used for driving digital
motors and LEDs. PWM frequency range is adjustable from 1000µs to 10000
µs (100 Hz and 1 kHz).

ˆ Control Pins are used to control the NodeMCU/ESP8266. These pins include
Chip Enable pin (EN), Reset pin (RST) and WAKE pin.

19
 EN: The ESP8266 chip is enabled when EN pin is pulled HIGH. When pulled
LOW the chip works at minimum power.
RST: RST pin is used to reset the ESP8266 chip.
WAKE: Wake pin is used to wake the chip from deep-sleep.

4.5 Project- DHT11 Humidity Temperature Mon-

itor with NodeMCU on ThingSpeak

4.6 Compoenents Required

1 NodeMCU ESP8266 Board
2 DHT11 Sensor
3 Connecting Wires
4 Breadboard

Figure 4.3: Circuit Diagram & Connection of DHT11 with NodeMCU

20
4.7 Setting Thingspeak & Getting API Key
1. Go to https://thingspeak.com/ and create an account if you do not have one.
Login to your account.
2. Create a new channel by clicking on the button. Enter the basic details of the
channel. Then Scroll down and save the channel. You can follow the video guide
below.
3. Then go to API keys copy and paste this key to a separate notepad file. You will
need it later while programming.

Figure 4.4: Monitor Humidity Temperature Data on ThingSpeak

21
Chapter 5

Conclusion

In today’s era, rapid technological advancements are connecting people and

things around the globe. In recent years, IoT solutions have become a fixture in our
lives. For example, you just tap the screen of your smartphone or say a word and yield
an immediate response/results. IoT architecture may vary from project to project,
but handling large volumes of data will always be an integral part of any IoT project.
By utilizing technologies such as embedded devices with sensors and actuators,
cloud platforms, and internet-based communication, enterprises are able to automate
business processes. Big Data analytics will make the insights gleaned from IoT data
sets a valuable source of information for enterprises. In the near future, we can expect
IoT systems to be deployed in more and more consumer, commercial, industrial, and
infrastructure applications. With regards to device connectivity and technology, we
are going to witness a whole new ecosystem in the coming years.

22
Bibliography

[1] https://electronicsforu.com/iot-projects-ideas

[2] https://www.skyfilabs.com/blog/best-iot projects-using-arduino Arduino down-

load:

[3] https://www.arduino.cc/

[4] Basic Electronic Components: https://circuitdigest.com/arduino-projects

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