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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 views46 pages

    IOT Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Kumar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 46
    Definition of Internet of Things (I A dynamic global network infrastructure with self — configuring based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual “things” have identified, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, often communicate data associated with users and their eeu Characteristics of loT Capability to dynamically adapt with changing contexts & take actions based on their operating condition Ex: Surveillance cameras can adapt their modes based on whether itis day or night Capability to allow large number of devices to work together to provide certain functionality Ability to communicate with other devices and also with the infrastructure Characteristics of loT Uae oainy * Each loT devices has a unique identity and a unique identifier IP address, URI eee a aS * Allows loT devices to communicate and exchange data with other devices and systems What is an lOT Device? +A "Thing" in loT can be any object that has unique identifier and which can send/receive data over a network -loT devices are connected to the Internet and send information about themselves or about their surroundings over a network + Allow actuation upon the physical entities/ environment around Snel) Technical Building Blocks Sensing * Sensors can be either on-board the loT device or attached to the device -Actuation -loT devices can have various types of actuators *Communication - Exchanging of data between client-server or cloud «Analysis & Processing Technical Building Blocks | Audonvdeo USB Host om fuas/eternet sm aus | Memony mterfces NANO/NOR | boni7oonavo0ns Exemplary Device: Raspberry Pi = Low-cost mini-computer with the physical size of a credit card Runs various flavors of Linux and can perform almost all tasks that normal desktop can do -Also allows interfacing sensors and actuators through the general purpose I/O (GPIO) pins - Since Raspberry Pi runs Linux operating system, it supports Python Paar) Exemplary Device: Raspberry Pi Cee ne a te ee nee CEE a — | rod Cee) Linux on Raspberry Pi ee eee oe ce Creed Sere er es Seok Cee © OpenELEC sa fast and user-triendly XBMC medi-center distribution feat Pee 0 es o a Oo a > < = a 2 2 n © a foe) Raspberry Pi GPIO “GND - 8 Pins *GPIO — 26 Pins a 10h ada) BCS 1a te bea |OT Device Cubie Board IOT Devices Pa |OT Devices OTT Physical Design of loT = "Things" in loT usually refers to loT devices which have unique ite[Tal ately = They can perform remote sensing, actuating and monitoring capabilities = loT devices can: * Exchange data with other connected devices and applications * Collect data from other devices and process the data locally Physical Design of loT = loT devices can: Send the data to centralized servers or cloud-based application back-ends for processing Perform some tasks locally and other tasks within the loT Nieto eey Physical Design of loT - Generic Block Diagram Connectivity USB Host HOM! Russ/Ethernet 3.5mm audio RCA video ‘Memory Interfaces NAND/NOR DDR1/DDR2/DDR3 Things in loT: Sensors Characteristic of any device or material to detect presence of ate] ele Nee Re Leela Output of sensor is signal, converted to human readable form Performs some function of input by sensing or feeling physical changes in the characteristic of a system in response to stimuli Input: Physical parameter or stimuli * Example: Temperature, light, gas, pressure, and sound PmeleldolUiom cyollam conta 9 Things in loT: Sensors a xe See ee eee tend cr aC! HCsRod eed oe an ee Coed Pope Fire Detector Sensor Things in loT: Sensors LR (Light sensor) 1 HE © Ose » “a Color Sensor Gas Sensor Las, Atconoi sensor (Temperature Sensor) Smoke 5812, Thermistor (Temperature Sensos) = f , Ultrasonic Sensor IR Receiver Rain Sensor PIRSensor Water Flow Sensor = La 8 @ = =J —= it IRSensor _IRSensor Touch Sensor Photo Transistor Soil Moisture Sensor ransmissive Type) (Reflective Type) (Ugh! Sensoe) Things in loT: Actuators = Part of the system that deals with the control action required ((at-ear vale) ie-Tasred)) = Mechanical or electro-mechanical devices cs Things in loT: Actuators = A control signal is input to an actuator and an energy source is int -to-ttt-1 vm Colm Melel lead} = Available in both micro and macro scales = Example: * Electric Motor, * Solenoid, * Hard Drive Stepper Motor * Comb Drive Peles Things in loT: Actuators = A control signal is input to an actuator and an energy source is int -to-tt 1-1 vA Colm Melel-ie-la(el} = Available in both micro and macro scales = Example: * Electric Motor, * Solenoid, * Hard Drive Stepper Motor * Comb Drive DC Motor ren Need of Analog / Digital Conversion Classification errog Sensors Electric Linear Electric Rotary Passive & Active Fluid Power Linear Fluid Power Rotary eee Analog & Digital Linear Chain Actuators Manual Linear Scalar & Vecto i = Manual Rotary foe) eee Need of Analog / Digital Conversion = Sensors generates analog data & microcontrollers understands only digital data in the form of 0’s and 1’s = So an intermediate device is needed that will convert sensor’s analog data into microcontroller’s digital = That device is Analog — Digital Convertor (ADC) = ADC - An electronic integrated circuit which will convert analog signals to digital signals = There are different rele) such as 12-bit, 14-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit Need of Analog / Digital Conversion oa ee Logical Design of loT: loT Functional Blocks = An abstract representation of the entities and processes without going into the low-level specifics of the implementation = An loT system comprises of number of functional blocks that provide the system the capabilities for * Identification SUS 4 Serato) + Communication and SCC Logical Design of loT: loT Functional Blocks eae Management Dai Logical Design of loT: loT Functional Blocks Application eae Dea Ru’ Dai Reena acid Pee) co rT Ty Cea ee nrc BDA Wireless Sensor Network = Group of sensors connected in wireless network = Monitor and record physical conditions of environment & store collected data at a . o central location o = Record temperature, sound, Q pollution, humidity, etc. Cloud Computing = Shared pools of configurable computer system resources and Tale MSA (eoSd Can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort often EE Coma oe nn ois (= — ae Platform, Relies on sharing of resources to fr achieve consistency and & economies of scale, similar to a public utility Big Data Analytics Emel (ya lca Moe Chae: MCR ccm ce om lil Mice) like Hidden Patterns, Unknown Correlations, Market Trends, COTES ol acca} = Can help organizations make informed business decisions Embedded Systems Combination of computer hardware & software Either fixed in capability or programmable, designed for a specific Livia mem Pratl) Ceroy ey eU Lea aA) Ce LOimo-l aM e-TiY

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