Natural disaster

A presentation by Harsh Dixit and

Piyush Dandime
TABLE OF CONTENT
3 Introduction

4 TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTER

5 CAUSES OF NATURAL DISASTER

6 IMPACT

7 MITIGATION

8 CASE STUDY

9 SUMMARY
 INTRODUCTION
A natural disaster is an extreme, sudden event
caused by environmental factors. Examples
include earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and
wildfires. These events can lead to significant
damage to property, landscapes, and can
result in loss of life. They are often
unpredictable and can have long-lasting
impacts on affected areas.

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TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTER

1.Earthquakes:
Sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates.
2.Hurricanes (or Typhoons or Cyclones):
Intense tropical storms with strong winds and heavy rainfall.
3.Floods:
Overflow of water onto normally dry land, often caused by heavy rainfall or storm surges.
4.Tornadoes:
Violently rotating columns of air extending from thunderstorms to the ground.
5.Volcanic Eruptions:
Release of magma, ash, and gases from a volcano.
CAUSES OF NATURAL
DISASTERS
Tectonic Activity:
•Earthquakes: Result from the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface. When these plates grind
against each other or collide, seismic activity occurs.
•Volcanic Eruptions: Caused by the release of pressure from the Earth's mantle, leading to the expulsion of magma,
ash, and gases through the Earth's crust.
•Tsunamis: Typically caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides that displace large volumes
of water.
Meteorological and Climatic Factors:
•Hurricanes, Typhoons, Cyclones: Form over warm ocean waters when moist air rises and condenses, releasing latent
heat. The rotation of the Earth then causes the storm to intensify.
•Floods: Heavy rainfall, storm surges, or rapid melting of snow can lead to the overflow of rivers and other water
bodies.
•Landslides: Result from the movement of rock, soil, and debris down a slope. Heavy rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, or human activities can trigger landslides.

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 IMPACT OF NATURAL DISASTER
1. Loss of Lives:
•Direct Fatalities: Natural disasters can lead to the immediate loss of lives due to the force and
destructiveness of the events.
2. Infrastructure Damage:
•Buildings and Transportation: Disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods can cause
severe damage to buildings, roads, bridges, and other critical infrastructure.
3. Economic Losses:
•Property Damage: Destruction of homes, businesses, and agricultural assets leads to significant
economic losses.
4. Psychosocial Impact:
•Mental Health: Natural disasters can cause psychological distress, anxiety, and post-traumatic
stress disorders among affected populations.
5. Long-Term Development Setbacks:
•Reconstruction Challenges: Rebuilding after a disaster can take years or even decades, delaying
economic development.

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 MITIGATION
1. Early Warning Systems:
•Establish and maintain robust early warning systems to provide timely alerts about impending disasters,
allowing communities to evacuate and prepare.
2. Public Awareness and Education:
•Conduct public awareness campaigns to educate communities about the risks associated with specific
natural disasters and promote preparedness measures.
3. Land Use Planning and Zoning:
•Implement land use planning and zoning regulations to restrict construction in high-risk areas, such as
floodplains or earthquake-prone zones.
4. Investment in Research and Technology:
•Support research and development of technologies that can improve early detection, monitoring, and
prediction of natural disasters.
5. Emergency Response Planning:
•Develop and regularly update comprehensive emergency response plans at local, regional, and national
levels to ensure a swift and organized response.

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CASE STUDY i
There were 50,783 deaths, 297 missing and 107,204 injured across 11 of the 17
affected provinces of Turkey. At least 15.73 million people and 4 million
buildings were affected. More than 2 million residents in the affected
provinces were evacuated to nearby provinces including Mersin, Antalya,
Mardin, Niğde and Konya.
 Case study- ii
▪ On 1 January 2024, at 16:10
JST, a MJMA7.6 earthquake
struck 7 km north-northwest of
Suzu, located on the Noto
Peninsula of Ishikawa
Prefecture, Japan. The reverse-
faulting shock achieved a
maximum JMA seismic intensity
of Shindo 7 and a Modified
Mercalli intensity of IX.

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 Natural disasters, including earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and wildfires, are
catastrophic events stemming from Earth's natural processes. Unpredictable and
often destructive, these events cause widespread damage to human lives,
infrastructure, and ecosystems. Tectonic activity triggers earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions, while meteorological phenomena like hurricanes and floods result from
climatic variations. The increasing impact of natural disasters is exacerbated by factors
such as population growth, urbanization, and climate change. Mitigating these
impacts requires comprehensive strategies, including early warning systems,
infrastructure resilience, and global collaboration, to build resilient societies capable
of adapting to the evolving challenges of natural disasters.

SUMMARY
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THANK YOU
Harsh dixit

Piyush DANDIME