Project Proposal

Embedded Systems Project

Abdullah Mamun Abu Md.Imtiaz MD. Yeasin Arafat

 Document Information
Subject Embedded Systems Project
Authors 1) Abdullah Al Mamun, 2307652
2) Md. Abu Imtiaz
3) Yeasin Arafat
Submitted

Project Information
Course Embedded Systems Project
Document Status Proposal
Submitted
History Initial Proposal
Title

Smart Health Monitoring and System: IoT-based Centralized System

Integrated with Data-driven Online Platform for Primary Health Care &
Diagnosis

Abstract

A crucial part of the universal healthcare system, primary health diagnosis (PHD) is seen as
the first line of defense against health issues. Almost every household around the world uses
various medical equipment for primary health diagnosis such as thermometers,
sphygmomanometers, etc. These medical devices are complex systems with different
technologies, user instructions, etc. Often, the general people who use these devices lack
sufficient expertise regarding the health parameters and face-to-face interaction is required for
primary diagnosis of health. It is quite inefficient and, in many cases especially in developing
countries, it is costly and a difficult task for patients to be present in person in health clinics.
Moreover, in many cases such as the elderly, need continuous health monitoring to avoid any
disastrous situation.

In this proposal, an IoT–based smart health monitoring system is presented. This solution will
integrate various health parameter sensing technologies such as body temperature, oxygen
levels, pulse, etc. as well as the Internet of Things (IoT) into a single system. Patients will be
equipped with a wearable system (Main System) which will host some of the most common
technologies to measure the health parameters as well as some additional non-health related
parameters. Patients and users will be able to measure various health parameters through the
system using a plug-and-sense mechanism. The health data which are measured by the system
will be shown in real-time in a LED panel, mobile application via Bluetooth and also, will be
uploaded to an online platform from where the patient and registered health professional can
monitor the health and diagnose the patient. The data storage system will enable the users to
store health data and health data analysis will be able to predict and critical patients who need
special attention. This device can be used by patients who require constant health monitoring.
This is a complete mobile healthcare service system that determines physiological parameters
and provides primary diagnosis through the data-driven online platform.
 1) Detailed proposal
The primary aim of this proposed research is to develop a complex hardware known as smart
health monitoring system (SHMS), integrated with data-driven software based digital platform
and IoT which will provide primary health diagnosis as well as continuous health monitoring
to the patients or the people in general who require it.

The objectives that are needed to be satisfied in order for the proposed project to be successful
are outlined here

• Hardware design
The primary objective of this proposal is to develop an integrated hardware which will
incorporate various health parameter sensing technologies together. The proposed
hardware will be divided into following section:
➢ Data Acquisition Unit (DAU)
➢ Main Control Unit (MCU)
➢ Internet of Things (IoT) & Wireless Connectivity
➢ Control Center
➢ Power management section, circuit protection
• Software design
A mobile application and will be developed for visualization of the health data. This data-
driven online platform will supervise and organize the entire operation centrally, provide
necessary information regarding user health, diagnosis results, patient status, health
expert’s information, etc.

2) Research Design and Methodologies:

Research Methodology:

The first section is developing the hardware system architecture. The development of the
hardware section is the combination of hardware subsections mentioned in the detailed
proposal.

Initially, the physiological parameters that require the most importance will be determined. The
sensors to measure those parameters will be studied and acquired from national or international
market. For our system, acquisition of open-source sensors is preferred as the data from these
sensors can be extracted, modified and controlled. For example, MAX30102, AD8232,
DS18B20, etc.

The next part is the development of Data Acquisition Unit (DAU). Here, the medical sensors
will be integrated with a microprocessor, also known as the Main Controlling Unit (MCU).
The MCU is responsible for processing, calculating and communicating with the DAU. The
proposed system will use rechargeable battery as main source of power. A voltage regulator
will be implemented to improve the stability of onboard power. If the data extraction from the
various sensors are successful, then we will focus on the IoT integration.

Two different methods of wireless data transfer technology will be implemented in this system.
Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. Integration of Wi-Fi will enable the users to connect the Smart Health
Monitoring System (SHMS) directly to the internet. In this case, the physiological data transfer
needs to fast and accurate, for which reason, we have chosen MQTT protocol as the data
transfer protocol. MQTT is lightweight, runs on low power and bandwidth, and guarantees data
exchange even when networks are unresponsive. We will also implement Bluetooth technology
so that the user can connect the SHMS with the mobile application for remote monitoring.

The next section is developing a control center. A control center will include switches and
LED/LCD screen by which the consumer will choose the mode of communication (Wi-
Fi/Bluetooth address and Passwords), type of health parameter being measured, etc.

The next section of the project is to develop a full-fledged, data-driven online platform which
includes a mobile application. The user can register account via mobile application and the
health data of that specific user will be stored under that credential. Moreover, data
visualization and analysis will be introduced to determine critical patients who require special
attention and continuous health monitoring. Professional help from software developer will
also be instrumental in success of the completion of the project.

The whole research methodology is divided into various sections such as:

1) Scope
a. Scope of the Project (Target)
2) Project Overview
a. Requirement Specification
b. Functional Requirements
1) General Function
 2) Mode Functions
3) Control System
c. Electrical Requirements
1) Voltage
2) Power
d. Mechanical Requirements
1) Casing
2) External Connector
3) Implementation
a. Hardware Specification
1) Main Processing Unit: ESP32 DEVKIT V1
b. Sensor/Data acquisition module
1) Temperature Sensor
2) SpO2 Sensor and Heartbeat sensor
3) ECG Sensor
4) Accelerometer
5) Blood Pressure Sensor
6) Battery level Sensor
7) GPS sensor
8) Temperature and Humidity Sensor
c. Connectivity
1) GSM Module
2) Bluetooth Module
3) Wi-Fi Module (ESP32)
d. Technical/Electrical
1) Voltage divider for battery level indicator
2) Battery charging system.
3) Voltage regulators (5V, 3.3V, 1.8V)
e. Functionality
1) OLED Screen
2) Button for control.
3) Sound
4) LED indicators
3) Scope of the Project
The scope of the project includes the electrical design and planning, schematics development
and simulation, software and coding as well as mobile application and user interface designing.
The scopes can be divided into following sections:

Electrical Design:
• Choose and integrate sensors for health parameters.
• Connect sensors to microcontrollers for data processing.
• Design power management for efficiency.
• Add Bluetooth for external data transmission.
• Create LED panel for real-time data display.
Schematics Design:
• Develop detailed schematics for components.
• Ensure proper grounding and signal integrity.
• Design PCB layouts based on schematics.
Software Development:
• Develop firmware for sensor control and data processing.
• Implement real-time data analysis algorithms.
• Design user interface for LED panel.
• Create mobile app for Bluetooth interaction and data access.
In the following part of the document, we discuss briefly about the various aspects and targets
of our design.

4) Requirements
4.1) Target:

The main target of the project is to design and implement a smart health monitoring system
that combines traditional and common health parameters sensing systems together in a compact
system which includes wireless connectivity and mobile integration functionality. As a result
of this system, the consumer can measure the most common health monitoring parameters
using a single system. To achieve this system, various types of requirement analysis have been
provided below:
4.2) Overview

The device is a portable device which includes a OLED display, multiple buttons for
controllability. When turned on, the device initially connects to a mobile phone by which we
can give the Wi-Fi SSID and password. The system then connects to the wifi. Then the system
waits for customer input to initialize sensors to start the measurement. On the other hand the
user can directly skip the connection stage and directly proceed to measurement stage. In this
stage, the user can scroll through the available modes of health parameter measurement and
choose a suitable one from the options available. Many sensors will be running in the
background such as GPS, Accelerometer, etc.

After the measurement of the health parameter, the health data can be viewed on the mobile
phone or the data can directly be uploaded in the main server.

4.3) Functional Requirements

Table 1: General Functionality

Req. No Details
FR 1 The device will have various health parameters choosing functionality
FR 2 When turned on, the device can go to settings mode where we can set up
Bluetooth and Wi-Fi or we can skip this mode to directly go to sensing mode
FR 3 The user can choose to measure any health parameter he wants, he will scroll
through the options using the button
FR 4 Whenever an option is chosen, the user might need to connect the sensing
probe to the device (Plug n Play), such as ECG Probes.
FR 5 Some of the sensors will always run in the background, such as Temperature
and humidity sensor, SpO2 sensor, heartbeat sensor, Accelerometer,
gyroscope, etc.
FR 6 The device will have a reset button to reset the measurements
FR 7 The device will be able to measure orientation and acceleration, should be
able to measure steps taken (Step Counter)
FR 8 The device will be able to pinpoint the GPS location
FR 9 The beeper sound system will give audio cue on the measurements being
completed, also will be used for low battery cue
FR 10 The device will have a power button
FR 11 There will be LEDs for visual cue, LEDs will give various indication on
powered up, low battery and charging modes as well as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth
connectivity and error signals can be seen
FR 12 The device must have multiple external probe connectivity slots
FR 13 The device will include USB slot for debugging purposes
 FR 14 The device will store some of the readings in the EEPROM which will act
as the last measured values, can be erased using the button
FR 15 The device must be able to pinpoint GPS locations to accurately measure
the distance covered during exercises
FR 16 The device must be able to count the steps taken during a walk/run
FR 17 The device must be able to determine a possible accident based upon the
accelerometer, gyroscope and GPS’s data readings and must send
emergency text message with location to selected phone numbers

Table 2: Modular Functionality

Req. No Details
FMR 1 Settings Mode: Initializes at the start up. The main target is to set the system
up for Bluetooth and Wi/Fi connectivity.
FMR 2 Sensing Mode: In this mode the system only measures the important health
parameters, but the user must choose which type of health data needs to be
read.
FMR 3 Exercise Mode: In this mode, the user can select step counter, set up GPS
pointers, and watch the distance covered by running/walking.

Table 3: Control (Access to functionalities)

Req. No Details
FCR 1 The device will have physical buttons for powering up and control of the
system.
FCR 2 Single pressing the buttons will work as “Scroll”
FCR 3 Short Duration Press (2 Seconds) will act as “SELECT”
FCR 4 Medium Duration Press (5 Second) will reset the whole system except
connectivity

4.4) Electrical Requirements

Req. No Details
ER 1 The device must have a 3.3V operating voltage, Multiple voltage regulators
for supplying the Processor and other sensors in the system
ER 2 The batteries must be able to supply the maximum current used by the
connected loads, so does the regulators and voltage converters
ER 3 Batteries option: 18650 Li-Ion 3.7V
OR
Polymer Li-ion battery, 2500 maH
ER 4 Protection circuits
4.5) Mechanical Requirements

Req. No Details
MR 1 A physical casing that encloses the main system.
MR 2 The casing will include connectors for sensor probes, JTAG for debugging.
MR 3 The casing will host the OLED screen and control buttons
MR 4 The IR sensor for heartbeat and SpO2 should be accessible from outside
The device should be compact and light enough to be carried and attached
MR 5
to body
The device must include straps so that user can strap the device to hand/wrist
MR 6
in case of movement and/or exercise sessions.

5) Implementations
5.1) Block diagram

The functional block diagram can be seen in the Figure 1.

The over simplified flow diagram of the system can be seen in the figure 2.

Figure 1: Architecture of Smart Health Monitoring System

 Figure 2: Simplified flow diagram of the system.

5.2) Technical Specifications and Components

OP
Type SL Name Model Technical Ampere
Volt
Process ESP32 DEVKIT 3.3V-
1 ESP32
or V1 5V
Dallas
Temperature Semiconductor, 8 PIN 3.3V-
1 DS18B20, 4mA
Sensor SOIC, 1 wire, PLUG 5V
Sensor
IN for Body heat
s
Temperature
Weather temperature 3.3V-
2 and Humidity DHT11 2.5mA
and humidity 5V
Sensor
 SpO2 and MAX 30101, Heart rate and 3.3V-
3 1.2mA
Heartbeat Si1145 Oxygen levels 5V

4 Accelerometer MPU6050 Gyro 4mA

5 ECG AD8232 5V 6.3mA
LPM:
1.8- 3uA,
6 Blood Pressure BMP180
3.6V Peak:1m
A
Battery Level
7 Voltage divider
Sensor
8 GPS Sensor GY Neo5V2 3-5V 45mA

3.4-
1 GSM/GPRS SIM800L 1.04mA
4.4V
2 Bluetooth ESP32 Buil-in 150mA
Connec
tivity 1.8-
Bluetooth HC-05 40mA
3.6V
3 Wi-Fi ESP32 Built-in

1 2x 18650
Battery 1x Flat Polymer
3,7V 2500maH
battery Li-ion
2 Battery Chargin TP4056
Techni Voltage 3.7V to 5V and
3 Polulu 3.3V
cal regulator 3.3V
Boost
4 3.7V to 12V
Converter
Reverse Polarity
Protection
5 and Schottky
Circuit
Diode
IDD:
VDD
300uA
5V.
1 OLED Screen 1.3" SH1106 and Icc
Display
(display)
12V
Functi 32mA
onality Tactile Switch x
2 Buttons
3
3 Sound RS Pro 86dB 3V 9mA
Haptic
4 DRV2605 5.5V 0.6mA
feedback
5.3) Hardware Description: MCU

5.3.1 Main Controlling Unit: ESP32

Description: The ESP32 DEVKIT V1 is a powerful, generic Wi-Fi+BT+BLE MCU module
that targets a wide variety of applications, from low-power sensor networks to more demanding
tasks such as voice encoding, music streaming, and MP3 decoding. It features an Xtensa®
dual-core 32-bit LX6 microprocessor, with up to 240MHz clock frequency and 520kB internal
SRAM. It supports a range of peripherals and provides for a robust development environment.
This particular ESP32 board comes with 36 pins, 18 on each side. The number of available
GPIOs depends on your board model.

5.4) Hardware Description: Sensors

5.4.1 DS18B20 (Temperature Sensor)

Description: The DS18B20 is a digital temperature sensor that provides 9-bit to 12-bit Celsius
temperature measurements. It is fairly precise and does not require any external components to
function. It has a temperature range of -55°C to +125°C and an accuracy of ±0.5°C. The sensor
is typically available in two form factors. One comes in a TO-92 package, which resembles a
simple transistor. The other comes in the form of a waterproof probe, which is more useful
when measuring something far away, underwater, or beneath the ground. It communicates over
a 1-Wire bus that by design requires only one data line (and ground) for communication with
a central microprocessor. In addition, the DS18B20 can derive power directly from the data
line (“parasite power”), eliminating the need for an external power supply. Each DS18B20 has
a unique 64-bit serial code, which allows multiple DS18B20s to function on the same 1-Wire
bus. Thus, it is simple to use one microprocessor to control many DS18B20s distributed over
a large area. In the perspective of our project, this temperature sensor will be used as a plug
and-sense mechanism where the consumer can choose to “Measure Body Temperature” and
connect the wire to the system while the probe can be put under arm to determine the accurate
temperature of body. The sensor is seen in the following figure.

5.4.2 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity

Description: The DHT11 is a commonly used Temperature and humidity sensor that comes
with a dedicated NTC to measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to output the values
of temperature and humidity as serial data. DHT11 can measure temperature from 0°C to 50°C
with a ±2.0°C accuracy, and humidity from 20 to 80% with a 5% accuracy, has a sampling rate
of 1Hz, which means it can provide new data once every second. It is a basic, ultra-low-cost
digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor
to measure the surrounding air, and outputs a digital signal on the data pin. [4]

Figure 4: DS18B20

Figure 4: DHT11 [4]

5.4.3 MAX 30102 (SpO2 and Heartbeat)

Description: The MAX30102 is an integrated pulse oximetry and heart-rate monitor sensor IC,
from Analog Devices. It combines two LEDs, a photodetector, optimized optics, and low-noise
analog signal processing to detect pulse oximetry and heart-rate signals. The MAX30102 offers
reduced power consumption and enhanced sensitivity through its proprietary algorithms for
signal processing. This sensor operates on a single 1.8V power supply and a separate 3.3V
power supply for the internal LEDs. It communicates with the host microcontroller via a
standard I2C-compatible interface [5].
 Figure 5: MAX30102 Sensor Module

5.4.4 MPU6050 (6-Axis Accelerometer and Gyroscope)

Description: The MPU-6050 is a popular and widely used 6-axis motion tracking device that
combines a 3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer on the same silicon die, together with
an onboard Digital Motion Processor™ (DMP™). The sensor is designed to be small, with low
power consumption, making it ideal for mobile devices and other wearable sensors. 3-axis
Gyroscope measures rotational velocity along the x, y, and z axes with a sensitivity up to ±2000
degrees per second, allowing for the detection of rotation and motion gestures. 3-axis
Accelerometer detects acceleration along the x, y, and z axes with a range of up to ±16g. It can
be used to measure motion, tilt, and gravitational forces. It operates at a voltage range of 2.3V
to 3.4V. [6]

Figure 6: MPU5060

5.4.5 ECG Sensor: AD8232

Description: The AD8232 is an integrated signal conditioning block specifically designed for
ECG (electrocardiogram) and other biopotential measurement applications. It is tailored to
extract, amplify, and filter small biopotential signals in the presence of noisy conditions, such
as those created by motion or remote electrode placement. This device is optimized for heart
rate monitoring and cardiac monitoring applications. It is primarily designed for single-lead
applications, making it ideal for portable ECG monitoring devices. Includes a high-pass filter
to remove motion artifacts and electrode half-cell potential, a low-pass filter to remove EMG
(electromyography) and other high-frequency noise, and a lead-off detection circuit. Operates
on a low supply voltage from 2.0 V to 3.5 V, with a typical current consumption of 170 µA,
suitable for battery-operated devices.

Figure 7: AD8232

5.4.7: GY NEO6MV2 (GPS Sensor)

Description: The GY-NEO6MV2 is a compact GPS module based on the u-blox NEO-6M
chipset, known for its low cost, high performance and flexibility in tracking satellite signals.
This module is designed to provide fast and accurate global positioning information, can track
up to 22 satellites over 50 channels and achieve the industry’s highest level of tracking
sensitivity i.e. -161 dB, while consuming only 45 mA current. Unlike other GPS modules, it
can perform 5 location updates in a second with 2.5m horizontal position accuracy. It can
operate from 3.3V to 5V system, comes with a small battery for hot-start, and there is built-in
EEPROM too. It contains the pins needed for communication with the microcontroller over the
UART. The module supports baud rates from 4800bps to 230400bps with a default baud of
9600. To offer better signal reception, there is an external ceramic antenna that connects to the
board via a U.FL connector.
 Ceramic
Antenna

Figure 8: GPS Sensor

5.4.8: GSM (Optional)

Description: The SIM800L is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS solution in a LGA package,
which can be embedded in the customer applications. It supports 850/900/1800/1900MHz
allowing it to be used worldwide. The operating voltage of the chip ranges from 3.4V to 4.4V,
making it an ideal candidate for direct LiPo battery supply. All the necessary data pins of the
SIM800L GSM chip are broken out to a 0.1″ pitch headers, including the pins required for
communication with the microcontroller over the UART. The module supports baud rates
ranging from 1200 bps to 115200 bps and features automatic baud rate detection. The module
requires an external antenna in order to connect to the network. So the module usually comes
with a helical antenna that can be soldered to it. The board also has a U.FL connector If you
wish to keep the antenna at a distance from the board.

5.4.9 Bluetooth HC-05

As the interenal Bluetooth of ESP32 uses a lot of current to send and receive data, we have
opted for external Bluetooth module HC-05. HC-05. The HC-05 module is a versatile and
widely used Bluetooth Serial Port Protocol module designed for transparent wireless serial
communication. It's capable of functioning both as a master and a slave device, making it a
popular choice for embedding wireless communication capabilities into a wide array of
products and DIY projects. The module is based on the Bluetooth 2.0+EDR with speeds up to
2.1 Mbps, offering a good balance between range approximately 10 meters (30 feet) in open
spaces, throughput, and energy consumption. Comes with a serial UART interface, allowing
for easy integration with microcontrollers and other devices that support serial communication.
It typically operates at 38400 bps for the AT command mode and can be configured for
different baud rates for data transmission.
 AT Mode Button

3.3V
LDO
Regulato
Figure 9: Bluetooth Module HC05

5.4.10 1.3" SH1106 (OLED Screen)

Description: The SH1106 is a single-chip CMOS OLED/PLED driver with controller for
organic/polymer light-emitting diode dot-matrix graphic display system. It supports a wide
range of resolutions and can be easily interfaced with microcontrollers. Offers multiple
communication interface options including SPI, I2C, and 8-bit parallel, making it adaptable to
a wide range of microcontroller and processor interfaces. The logic voltage of this module is
3.3V.

Figure 10: 1.3’’ OLED Screen

6) Work Progress: Design Plan
The whole system can be represented in the following figure which shows the different parts
of the system.

Figure 11: Design Phases of the project

6.1) Electrical Properties Calculation

The total current draw from the connected devices including the microprocessor is around
700mA, at the maximum load. The microprocessor will be power using the MC34063ECN
boost converter which is able to supply about 1A of current. On the other hand the sensors
mostly operates on 3.3V, which will be provided by the D24V10F3 3.3V regulator which is
able to supply 1A of current.

As the source of power supply, we choose 3.7V 2000mAh Li-Ion battery which will be
sufficient for out case. At maximum load, our system can be operated for 2.8 hours. We can
increase the capacity of the battery depending on the physical design the system.

6.2) Power System

As seen from the previous figure, the power management system includes multiple modules,
such as charging system, 5V and 3.3V circuitry. The schematic for the whole system is given
in the following figure.
 Figure 12: Power Management section of the circuit.

Conclusion:
The proposed project is a complex integrated system which will improve the quality of health
care systems by combining various technologies together. The next steps are integrating the
sensors together and start with trial-and-error process. Simultaneously, the work on the
software section will be studied.

References
[1] https://learn.adafruit.com/dht
[2] https://www.instructables.com/Guide-to-Using-MAX30102-Heart-Rate-and-Oxygen-
Sens/
[3] https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-and-mpu6050-
accelerometer-and-gyroscope-tutorial/