> USIVANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM Chapter # 03 Establishment of an Islamic Democratic State Multiple Choice Questions 1. The first constitution of Pakistan was enforced in in a. 1956 b. 1954 e 1955 2. The second constitution of Pakistan was enforced in . a. 1961 b. 1960 c 1962 3. The third constitution of Pakistan was enforced in : a. 1972 b. 1973 c. 1971 4. was the first president of Pakistan. a Iskandar Mirza, Liaquat Ali c. Yahya Khan 5. The second Governor General of Pakistan was a. Khwaja Nazim uddin b. Liaquat Ali Ci Nawab Wagar ul Mulk 6. Objective resolution was passed in the year 2 a. 1949 b. 1948 c 1947 7. Objective resolution was moved by a. Liaquat Ali Khan b. Iskandar Mirza c. Quaid -e - Azam 8. The constitution of 1973 was enforced on 1973. a. 13% August b. 11 August es 14% August 9. Pakistan was declared Islamic republic in o a. 1956 b. 1954 ec. 1953 10. The head of state of Pakistan is called . a. Chief Minister b. Prime minister c. President 11. The head of the federal government is called a. Prime minister b. Governor c. Chief Minister 12. ____ is the highest court of Pakistan. a. High court b. - Provincial Court. Supreme Court 13. The last census in Pakistan took place in a. 1997 b. 1998 ce 1999 14. The present speaker of Sindh assembly is 3 a. Fahmida Mirza b. Nisar Khoro c. Firdous Ashiq Awan 15. is the elected speaker of National Assembly. Dr Fahmida Mirza b. Nisar Khoro c. Babar Awan 16. Total number of seats for National Assembly are 7 a. 341 b. 342 c 340 LI SA See A OE EE Mig aL 8 WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW. eetiedindiec tied el THR GOT READE hou # Pheass 17. The senate commiitee’ consists ‘of ! ‘ members. a. 200 b. 150 a 100 18. The provincial education minister of Sindh is : a. Dr Fahmida b. Pir Mazharul Haqc. Faisal Raza 19. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was hanged in - ’ a. 1978 b. 1979 1977 20. East Pakistan was separated in : a. 1971 b. 1970 ec. 1973 21. The federal Shariat court is situated at__..._—. a. Lahore b. Islamabad c. Karachi 22. The war of 1965 between Pakistan and India lasted for days. a a7, b. 18 c. 20 23. General Zia ul Haq imposed Martial lawin_ a. 1970 b. 1977 e 1976 24, The profit and loss sharing accounts were introduced on__.___-_. a. Sept 12, 1983 b. Sept 11, 1983 c. Sept 11, 1984 25. . General Zia ul Haq died in a plane ceash near Bhawalpur on . a August 17, 1988 P ! b.-: August 14, 1987 gue” Pe ‘August 11,.1988. LIE hsp See wher bre re PE. ig BIL y6ee WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM i SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS Ql. When and who dissolved the first constitution of Pakistan? Ams. General Iskandar Mirza dissolved the first constitution of Pakistan on 6% October, 1958. Q2. Which countries have joined boundaries with Pakistan? Ans. The countries have joint boundaries with Pakistan are: i India ii Iran iii, Afghanistan iv. China Q3. What is the constitutional name of Pakistan? What is its total area? Ans. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is the constitutional name of Pakistan. Its total area is 796, 096 sq. km. Q4. Who dissolved the first constituent assembly of Pakistan? Ans. Tbe governor General Ghulam Muhammed dissolved the first constituent assembly on 24% October, 1954. Q5. Who presented the objectives Resolution? Ans, The first Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan presented the objectives Resolution on, 12'* March, 1949. Q6. Whe was the first President of Pakistan? Ans. Iskandar Mirza was the first President of Pakistan. Censtitutional History of Pakistan 1949 Objective resolution 1956 First Constitution 1958 First Martial law by Iskandar Mirza 1958 Ayub Khan . 1962 Second Constitution 1969 Second Martial law by Yahya Khan 1970 Elections 1971 Partition / Fall of Bangladesh 1973 3" Constitution 1977 33 Martial law by General Zia ul Haq 1999 Martial law by General Pervaiz Musharraf LIS SA She A OE VE EPG CI SIL peel WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF www. USMANWEB.COM CUIRTICESTON AD WATT Tea Ie TPT Governor Generals ‘ TTT TREATYA Quaid - e - Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah Khawaja Nazim uddin Malik Ghulam Muhammad Mejor General Iskandar Mirza. Presidents Iskandar Mirza Muhammad Ayub Khan Muhammad Yahya Khan Zulfigar Ali Bhutto Fazal Elahi Chaudhary General Muhammad Zia ul Haq Ghulam Ishaq Khan Wasim Sajjad Myhammad Rafiq Tarar 0.’ : General Pervaiz Musharraf ' L.. Asif Al Zardari ie ire ase EO gait ever poo tse rime Ministers “24. _ Yousuf Raza Gilani LIE NS She eda FOE El Mig IL oF WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM i Martial law Administors 1, General Muhammad Ayub Khan 2: General Muhammad Yahya Khan 3. General Mubammad Zia ul Haq 4. General Pervaiz Musharraf Present Governors: 1, Latif Khosa, Punjab 2. Dr Ishrat ul Ibad Sindh 3. Owais Ghani Khyber Pakhtoon Khaw 4. Zulfiqar Magsi Baluchistan : ton3 Present Chief Ministers 1. Shahbaz Sharief Punjab 2. Qaim Ali Shah Sindh 3. Ameer Haider Hoti Khyber Pakhtoon Khaw 4. Aslam Raisani Baluchistan Descriptive Answers and Questions Ql. Write a comprehensive note on the important and fundamental points of objectives resolution. Ans. Objective Resolution: Objective Resolution is the first and foremost document in the constitutional history of Pakistan. It provided a firm base to the constitution makers for the future constitution of Pakistan. Pakistan came into being on the basis of Islamic Ideology. So the future constitution was to be framed in accordance with the guideline of the Holy Quran and Sunnah. It must reflect the aims and aspirations of the Muslims of Pakistan. So drafting a constitution for Pakistan in the light of these points was really demanding. In fact constitution is a frame of fundamental principles which governs the affairs of the state. Executive, Legislature and Judiciary are three fundamental organs of the state which run its system. Constitution determines the powers and relationship of these three state organs. It also explains the rights and obligations of a citizen. Islamic constitution is unique in the nature. It represents the Islamic views, beliefs, traditions, deeds and values. So the constitution making for Pakistan required careful measures. After independence, following measures were taken to deal with the situation. LI SA Bee A OE EE Mig abr IL rie WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF www. USMANWEB. COM AME Silent Features of the 0 Objective Resolutio According to the amended constitution, the objective resolution has been made the substantive part of the constitution. Following principles can be deduced from the objective resolution: i. Soverei, to Allah: According to the resolution it had been determined that Allah would be the real sovereign of the state of Pakistan. So the legislation will be practiced within the limits enunciated by the Quran and Sunnah ii, Democratic State: It was determined that Pakistan would follow the principles of democracy in his polity and elected representatives of the state would run its system. iii. Federation: It was clearly declared in the Resolution that the federal system of state would be practiced. All the provinces would enjoy their powers with in the constitutional limits and centre would not. interfere in their entrusted powers. iv. : Islamic Princioles ¢ of Freedom, Bauality and Social f Political, social and fe provided LIE EA Bee A OE EE Mig aL rie WWW.USMANWEB.COMUSIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM Q2. Describe the details of Tslamic section of 1973 constitution? Ans. In the present constitution Islamic values and ideology have been provided complete protection, Special sections have been included to publicize and implement the Islamic ideology and the culture arises from it. Following details of the constitution show that adequate measures have been taken to make it an Islamic constitution. i, Objectives Resolution Permanent Part of Constitution: In the former constitution the objectives resolution had been taken as‘ preamble but in the present constitution objective resolution has been included as its permanent part. This is notable that above mentioned Resolution describes the basis of Muslim ideology. According to this Resolution sovereignty of Allah has been declared as a basis of that political process which has been implemented in Pakistan. It is build on legislatures of Pakistan to practice the legislation within the limits prescribed by the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah. Intension has been described in the resolution that the people of Pakistan shall be enabled to order their lives in the individual and collective spheres in accordance with the teachings and requirements of Islam. But this is notable that the objective resolution was declared as the permanent part of present constitution during the reign of general Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ii, The Islamic Republic Of Pakistan: Like the former constitutions present constitution also declares Pakistan as an Islamic Republic. iii. Islam To Be State Religion: In the Article No.2, the constitution describes Islam as state religion of Pakistan. iv. Definition Of Muslim: Present constitution has defined the Muslim and described the minimum limits which the religion requires one who believes in the finality of Hazrat Muhammad’s prophet hood. According to this who believes in the false prophecy of any person who claims to be a prophet after the advent of Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) is not a Muslim. The offices of president ship and Prime Ministership were restricted to the Muslims only. vi. Islamic Beliefs And Oath Of Different Office Bearers: The offices of president ship and Prime Minister to declare their beliefs in Allah, apostles, Angels, Divine Books, Day of Judgment and finality of Hazrat Muhammad prophet hood while taking an oath. Besides federal Ministers, speaker of the National Assembly, chairman and vice chairman of senate provincial Governors and Provincial Ministers are bound to LIS SA She A OE VE EPG BIL pee WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF www. USMANWEB. COM A ors Print F rors Pos ‘ and guardian’ of Islamic iMboiogp while taking oath for their affices. vii. Legislation With in Islamic Teachi: It has determined in the constitution that the legislation will be done within the limits prescribed by the Quran and Sunnah. Government is bound to provide opportunities to the people of Pakistan to order their lives in accordance with the teachings of Islam. viii. Establishment Of Islamic Ideology Council: According to the directions of present constitution an Islamic Ideology Council has been set to guide the Government in enforcing Islamic laws and teachings. Its Chairman and members are appointed by the president. This council guides the Federal and Provincial Governments to practice legislation within the Lmits of Islamic . teachings. It makes the recommendation to Federal and Provincial Governments to take such measures as enables the Muslims of Pakistan to order their lives according to the Islamic teachings. Islamic council alsa declares its verdict about suggested laws as to’ whether they are with in limits of the Quran and Sunnah or not. viz. Islamic’ Qualification Of The Members Of Majlis-i- Shoora: . Present c: constitution restricts: the spenbere oF nial i-shoora ; bear the quality described oftrue: believers. He ishould-be proasessor of such’ cites which) have. been: described : Fi i *y, General Muhammad : lag became ‘he | riler’ of the country t ‘as ‘a result. of. Tehreek-i-Nizami’ Mustafa. . So. he » ‘took the Sh ae ige Be PIL wee WWW.USMANWEB.COMUSIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM following measures to fulfill the requirements of Islamic provisions of the present constitution. i. Hadood Ordinance was promulgated in the country on Rabee-ul-Awwal , 1399 (1977) and _ prescribed punishments of adultery, fornication, drinking, accusation, apostasy, robbery and commuting theft were made the part of criminal code. ii. Ordinance of collecting and disbursing of Zakat was promulgated on June 20, 1980. iii. Ordinance for the sanctity of Ramadan was also promulgated, according to which, open drinking and eating was declared as crime. Violators of this law was declared as liable to three months imprisonment and a fine of Rs.500/- iv. Federal Shahriah Court was formed during the reign of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. v. Interest Free Banking System was introduced on January 1, 1981 in the country. vi. Teaching of Islamiat and Pak-studies was declared compulsory for the students of all levels. Q3. Describe the details of constitutional history of Pakistan from 1949-1973? Ans. Constitution: A constitution is the system of laws and principles according which a country is governed. The constitution is an important and sacred document and without it we cannot think of running a government. It is a tragedy that we could not adhere to any of the constitution made from time to time. In Pakistan, the constitution making process underwent the following phases. i. Government Of India Act, 1935: At the time of independence it was not possible to frame the constitution of the new bom state immediately. The Government India Act, 1935, with certain amendments was, therefore enforced to run the affairs of the state on adhoc basis. ‘The act was made by the British and therefore could not fulfill our national needs. ii. The Objective Resolution: The first step towards the making of constitution was taken in March 1949, when the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan passed the objective resolution. At that time Khan Liaquat Ali Khan was the Prime Minister of Pakistan. The Objectives Resolution held that the sovereignty belongs to Almighty Allah, and the people of Pakistan would exercise the authority and Tights within the limits prescribed for the Holy Quran and Sunnah. The resolution also said that no law repugnant to Islam would be enforced in Pakistan LIE NS he eda SOE El Mig IL we WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW. USMANWEB. COM CONTR EAT VVISER TINE HTT iii. Efforts For A New Con: titutio $ After the acceptance of objective resolution the Legislative Assembly appointed a 24 members Committee to. determine the fundamental rules and regulations of the constitution. The committees report was published. This report was adversely criticized and opposed especially in East Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan was martyred in October 1951. After Liaquat Ali Khan, no government was successful in making the constitution till 1956. iv. The Constitution Of 1956: In June 1955, the elections of the new Central Legislative Assembly were held. In August 1955 Chaudhry Muhammad Ali took over as the Prime Minister of Pakistan. In October 1955, the four provinces of West Pakistan were merged into one ‘province, called one unit. In January 1956, the draft bill’of the new constitution was presented before the Constituent Assembly and was passed on 26% February 1956. It was introduced on.23" March 1956, and remained enforced until October 7, 1958. U v. ‘The Constitution of 1962: : There was a rebellion against. the government towards the énd “of, 1958 which. was crushed. peapeutl | -Under*" those circumstances. ‘the ‘President, M. A BEAT SATE ECCT . December: 1970,;,so *that the. elected” Tepresentative ‘could “prepare a new constitution. : ‘The ‘élections were followed by‘ LIE NS he eda SOE El Mig IL oF WWW.USMANWEB.COMUSIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM severe political crises in the country. India took advantage of this situation and attacked Pakistan in November 1971. The war resulted in separation of East Pakistan. After cease-fire General Yahya Khan transferred power to Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto the Chairman of Peoples party which appeared as a majority party in West Pakistan in the general election 1970. In 1972, the elected representatives adopted an interim Constitution in order to lift the Martial Law enforced by Genera] Yahya Khan and to start a new constitutional period. The National Assembly formed a 25 members committee who was entrusted with the task of preparing the draft bill of the mew constitution for the country. This committee held representation of the main political parties having seats in the National Assembly. The committee prepared the draft bill of the constitution and submitted it to the National Assembly on 315 December 1972. The National Assembly studied the draft carefully, proposed certain amendments and confirmed the draft of the constitution on 21% April 1973, and it was promulgated on the 14% August, 1973. This constitution is own as the constitution of 1973. Q4. Describe the salient features of 1956 constitution. Ans, Introduction: Pakistan came into existence in 1947 and stayed without a constitution due to the political crisis and struggle for power among the political parties. The second constituent assembly succeeded in preparing a constitution for Pakistan. People of Pakistan welcomed it. Federal parliamentary form of government was introduced in it. It was imposed on 23% March 1956 under the Prime Minister ship of Chaudhary Muhammad Ali. It remained in action till 7® October 1958. Salient Features of Constitution of 1956: i. Islamic Republic of Pakistan: It stated clearly in the introduction that sovereignty belongs to Allah only and Pakistan was declared as an Islamic Republic. ii. Federal Parliamentary system: Federal parliamentary form of government was introduced on the demand of people of Pakistan as provincial autonomy was required. A) iii. Democracy Introduced: Democracy was introduced Governor General was replaced by the President Fundamental rights to elect the representative to Tule over the country was given to citizens. iv. Lives according to Islam: The constitution ensured that all the opportunities will be provided to the Muslims to lead their lives according to the teachings of Islam. LI SA She A OE VE BPG BIL pee WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF www. USMANWEB. COM ee 7. Distribution of Power: The. powers were distributed between the centre and th provinces of Pakistan. vi. Independent Judiciary: Justice is the main principle of Islamic teachings and withou justice there is no concept of a welfare society. So judiciary wa guaranteed an independent work. vii. Fundamental rights ensured: Civic rights were guaranteed to all the citizens of Pakistan. viii. Muslim Head of State: © The office of the head of state was restricted to Muslims only. ix. Laws according to Islam: ; It clearly stated that any laws which are not in accordance t . Islamic teachings were to be amended. x. Rights of minorities safe guarded: All basic rights of the non — Muslims minorities were protectec by the state. xi. Urdu and Bengali as National Languages Urdu and Bengali were declared as National, “ anginged oO Pakistan." V Z : Written Constitution: | - tet written constitution, A ‘schedules: LIE EA See A OE EEL Aig aL rie WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM ii. Objective Resolution accepted: Objective resolution was accepted to set the pattern of government according to Islam. iii. Islamic Name: Pakistan was named as “Islamic Republic of Pakistan”. iv. Laws according to Islam: It clearly stated that any laws which were not in accordance to Islamic teachings were to be amended head of the state should also be a Muslim. v. Federal Presidential system of government: The constitution was federal in mature. Presidential form of government was enforced instead of parliamentary system. The president was all in all vi. Powers concentrated in office of the President: According to the constitution all powers were concentrated in the office of the President. vii. Indirect Mode of Election: ‘The BD i.e. Basic Democracies system was introduced. In this system people cannot elect their representatives directly. viii. Basic rights of people were given: All the fundamental rights were given to the people except the freedom of speech and the right to criticize the government. ix. Free and fair Judiciary: Independent judiciary was ensured in the constitution. x. Islamic advisory council: An Islamic advisory council was established to guide the government about Islamic laws. Some Islamic provisions were also given. xi. Uni- Cameral Legislature: In this constitution a Uni- Cameral legislature was introduced. Failure of 1962 Constitution: In 1968 - 69 the political parties of the country started agitation ageinst Ayub Khan, Presidential system, enforced parliamentary system and the un-democratic constitution. As a result of the powerful agitation. Ayub Khan was forced to resign and transfer his power to Commander ~ in - Chief Yahya Khan. He abrogated the constitution on 25" March 1969 and imposed Martial Law. The 1962 constitution remained in forcé for about seven years. i Q6. Write down the salient features of 1973 constitution. Ans. Introduction: After the 1962 constitution was abrogated the country was once again left without a constitution. It remained under Martial Law. In 1970, the general elections were held and Sheikh Mujeeb - ur - Rehman of Awami League got majority but the government was not handed over to him. These circumstances lead to a great movement of people in Libis) Soe wr oS kPa rE ige Be PIL reek WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM East Pakistan a result of which East Pakistan got Separated from West’ “" Pakistan. In the West Pakistan the government was handed over to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. He framed a complete constitution within one year and on 14% August 1973 it was enforced in the country. Salient Features of 1973 Constitution: i, An Islamic Constitution: This is a complete Islamic constitution in which sovereignty of Allah has been accepted and Isiam has’ been declared as the state religion. ii. Objective Resolution as Preamble: The foundation of the constitution is laid upon objective resohition which is an Islamic resolution. iii. Islamic Name for the country: Pakistan was named as Islamic Republic of Pakistan. iv. Definition of a Muslim given: The constitution gives the definition of a Muslim, a person who believes, in oneness of Allah and in the Prophet: of. Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) as ‘the’ last Prophet of Allah has, been described as a Muslim. 4 ' Muslim head of State and goveriment: eile ‘The! -constitution clearly” states .that only. Muslims shell ‘be i a iven to the People. itizen, so/direct mode of © election was introdu Wb is) See eho bree l Pig ail ytd WWW.USMANWEB.COMBe USVANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM xiii. Independent Judiciary: The independence of judiciary was ensured as the integral part of an Islamic state. xiv. Rights of Minorities protected: The minorities were also given all the fundamental rights. xv. Islamic way of life: The government ensured that all the steps will be taken to enable the Muslims of Pakistan to lead their lives according to Islam. xvi. Promotion of Social justice and eradication of social evils: The state shall take all’the necessary steps to promote social justice and shall prevent prostitution, gambling, drug usage and publication of obscene literature and advertisement. xvii. Teachings of Holy Quran: Teachings of Holy Quran and Islamiat shall be made compulsory. xviii. Strengthen the bond with Muslim world: The state shall endeavour to strengthen the bond with the Muslim world to promote Islamic unity. xix. Error free publication of Quran: The government will take all the necessary steps to ensure the error free publication of Holy Quran. xx. Oath to project and promote Islamic ideology: All the federal and provincial ministers, speakers and deputy speakers of National and Provincial assemblies, the chairman of Senate and the governors and Chief Ministers of the provinces shall take oath to preserve and protect the Islamic ideology. xxi. Ahmadi’s a non - Muslim minority: The Qadiani or Ahmadi group was declared as Non - Muslims. Conclusion: In 1973 constitution maximum efforts were made to improve the character of this constitution. It isthe present constitution. So it is the duty of every Pakistani to protect it. This constitution has also been dismissed by General Zia — ul - Hag and General Pervaiz Musharraf. Q7. Write down the causes of political turmoil in Pakistan. Ams. The history of Pakistan is full of political crises details. The main causes for this political turmoil are as follows. i. Lack of organization in Parties: Political parties of Pakistan have never paid any attention towards the internal organization of their parties. They have always hankered after power and have involved themselves in political intrigues and manipulation. LI EA Bee A OE EEL Mig aL re WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF www. USMANWEB. COM "ii. Shifting of political loyalties: There is a general tendency of shifting political loyalties. The coming into power and the exit there form was generally by a shift in political loyalties. iti, Factional Groups: A tug of war for the top slot in power ensued among the party ranks, resulting in the formation of factional groups under the splinter leaders. iv. No place to the poor: Under the growing influences of landed aristocracy, the wishes of the common man were generally trampled yielding no place to : the power in the political transactions of parties. v. Military Dictators: Pakistan was ruled by military dictators for almost 26 years which precluded the democratic ‘traditions from taking their roots in the society. vi. Extremist Elements: » Due to. the void created during the first fifty years, tensions strife and violence of-religions and communal nature gained A Wi hs She wArrd bree PY ige Be PIL reek WWW.USMANWEB.COM